WORKSTREAM 1

OPTIMISATION AND
MINIMISATION OF SOLID
WASTE
Currently overall recycling rate of 10.5% needs to be increased especially
from households, Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

Recycling rate in Malaysia (2012)

Waste collection
truck workers Scavengers NON-EXHAUSTIVE

0.5 kT/d 0.01 kT/d

Household
recyclables Generated MT/ day

Paper 1,828
Households
0.9 kT/d
9.7% Plastics 2,850

ICI Glass 719

2.1 kT/d
7.8% Metals 595

E-waste 30
RECYCLING RATE 10.5% HHW 284

Overall recycling rate of 10.5%

Recycling rates at source i.e. households and ICI is 9.1%
Source: Survey on Solid Waste Composition, Characteristics & Existing Practice of Solid Waste
Recycling in Malaysia (2012), JPSPN, pre-lab discussions 2
The recycling rate in Malaysia is relatively low compared to developed
countries with best practices

Recycling Rates of OECD Countries

Malaysia
10.5
%

Waste
production per
380
capita (kg)
Source: OECD Environment Statistics, JPSPN, pre-lab discussions
Currently overall recycling rate of 10.5% needs to be increased especially
from households, Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

Recycling rate in Malaysia (2012)

Waste collection
truck workers Scavengers NON-EXHAUSTIVE

0.5 kT/d 0.01 kT/d

Household
recyclables Generated MT/ day

Paper 1,828
Households
0.9 kT/d
9.7% Plastics 2,850

ICI Glass 719

2.1 kT/d
7.8% Metals 595

E-waste 30
RECYCLING RATE 10.5% HHW 284

Overall recycling rate of 10.5%

Recycling rates at source i.e. households and ICI is 9.1%
Source: Survey on Solid Waste Composition, Characteristics & Existing Practice of Solid Waste
Recycling in Malaysia (2012), JPSPN, pre-lab discussions 4
The relatively low recycling rate in Malaysia is caused by several key
factors, mainly due to undeveloped mindset and lack of a full-fledged
database system

BEST-PRACTICE MALAYSIA
COUNTRIES

MINDSET 3R practice is well ingrained in Society absolves responsibility

daily lifestyle. Non-compliance to of waste management to the
waste separation is frowned upon authorities
People generally understands the Knowledge on waste hierarchy
importance of sustainable waste is generally low
management

WASTE DATABASE Established data collection No consolidated data collection

system in place system in place, especially for
industrial & commercial waste

CALCULATION METHOD Calculated periodically from the Done on a case-by-case basis

waste database via the commissioning of a
sampling study

GOVERNING BODIES All types of waste fall under a Different types of waste fall
single entity under the purview of different
Ministries/ Agencies

Source: Various national waste plans and literature, JPSPN, pre-lab discussions
 Seven key initiatives were identified under Optimization and Minimization of
Solid Waste

1
Implement Separation at Home REDUCE JPSPN

2 Introduce Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT)

REDUCE
Thrust 1 mechanism JPSPN

1 Minimisation of solid 3 Introduce new mechanisms to REUSE

waste generation encourage recycling RECYCLE JPSPN

4 Enhance awareness and public REDUCE

Five key initiatives education efforts on sustainable waste REUSE SWCORP
RECYCLE
management
5 Establish smart partnerships with REDUCE
NGOs, private sector, academic REUSE JPSPN
RECYCLE
institutions and communities
Thrust 2 6 Ensure sustainable Construction &
Demolition waste management OPTIMISE SWCORP
2 Other related
waste optimisation practice
initiatives
7 Implement effective management of e- JPSPN
OPTIMISE
waste and hazardous household waste DOE
Two key initiatives
Source: National Strategic Plan (2005), Waste Minimisation Strategy (2006), SWCorp Strategic
Plan (2014-2020),3R Workshop, pre-lab discussions
Collectively, implementation efforts will peak in 2018. However success
highly depends on the key enablers funding, policy, database and
manpower

KEY MILESTONES 2015-2018 IMPACT

1 (2015-2020)
Separation at Source Commence in Sept 2015 for households
2 Pay-As-You-Throw 22% overall
Commence in 2018
(PAYT) Recycling Rate
3 Enforce Govt Green Procurement in 2016 Total waste of
New mechanisms to
Launch Take Back System in 2018 40,477 T/ day
encourage recycling diverted from
20 pilots under Food Waste Plan by end 2016
landfills
4 Awareness and public
Refine media strategy in 2016 Cost savings of
education
RM 3.3 m due
5 to landfill
Smart partnerships Establish ongoing consultative forum in 2016
diversion
6 Recyclables
C&D waste management Establish Code of Practice in 2016
recovered to
7 Commence in tandem with Separation at grow by CAGR
E-waste and HHW waste
of 22%
management Source

Estimated total funding of RM 140 m until 2020

Policy update, database platform, manpower & capability

Source: Lab analysis

Initiative Factsheet
Implement Separation at Source
Case for change Cost / Funding

Relatively low recycling rate of 10.5% Total

Awareness and understanding on the importance of funding
RM 10 m
waste segregation is still low
Households utilize informal channels to recycle Impact
High cost of building treatment and disposal facilities
22% overall recycling rate in 2020
Our proposal
10,927 tonnes/ day diverted from
landfills in 2020
Enact legislation and develop guidelines Recyclables recovered to grow by
Establish strategic collaboration with Ministries/ CAGR of 22% (2015-2020)
Waste collectors to collect 58% of
Agencies, private sector, NGOs and communities total recyclables generated
Recognise achievements in Separation at Source Generate economies of scale for
the recycling industry
Empower concession companies readiness to
implement Key success factors
Establish database on municipal solid waste Regulations to be finalised before
implementation
Enhance awareness and education on separation at
Local level public engagements
source through various media
Effective monitoring and enforcement
Full enforcement of the law Consolidated database on recyclables
Regular monitoring and evaluation
Owner & stakeholders
Provision of Guidance to other States (Non-Act 672)
JPSPN
Expand implementation to ICI (Industry, Commercial SWCorp, Concessionaires, PBTs
& Institution)
Initiative Factsheet
Introduce Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) mechanism1)

Case for change Cost / Funding

General public need to assume responsibility for excessive Total

waste generation TBD
funding
A supporting mechanism is required to encourage households
to separate their waste Impact
To reduce excessive waste generation especially during
festive seasons Overall recycling rate of 22%
Our proposal
10,927 tonnes/ day diverted from
landfills
Explore, evaluate, recommend and obtain approval Negative reinforcement measure to
for the optimal PAYT mechanism educate & encourage households
to reduce waste
Conduct benchmarking study on implementation in Generate additional income
other countries
Amend legislation (if necessary) and develop
policy for PAYT Key success factors
Conduct stakeholder engagements to assess
Optimal implementation mechanism
public willingness to pay & political implications
Key learnings from Separation at
Develop educational/ awareness programs to Source
continuously educate the public Implementation by phases
Public acceptance
Launch, monitor & review implementation
Staggered and flexible enforcement for the initial Owner & stakeholders
months of implementation
JPSPN
SWCorp, AGC, Concessionaires

1) Applicable for residual household waste, after separating out the recyclables
 Initiative Factsheet
Introduce new mechanisms to encourage recycling

Case for change Cost / Funding

No responsibility placed on industry players to minimize waste Total

Engagements with industry players are still lacking funding
RM 45 m
Public procurement policy does not set a good example
45% of waste composition are food & organic. Separation at Impact
source should begin with commercial entities due to simpler
implementation & bigger impact Overall recycling rate of 22%
Our proposal
10,927 tonnes/ day diverted from
landfills
Recyclables recovered to grow by
Prioritise recycled products in public procurement CAGR of 22% (2015-2020)
Minimise solid waste generation at
Implement Take Back System to boost recycling the pre-consumption stage
demand Develop the recycling industry
Recycling incentives to encourage low value
recycling industry such as glass, ceramic, textile etc Key success factors
Research and Development to create new Regulations on Extended Producer
technology in recycling Responsibility (EPR) to
manufacturers
Implement waste minimisation concept into the
Incentives to develop R&D for
design of products recycled products and process
Develop the strategic plan for Food & Organic Commitment from Govt stakeholders
Waste from commercial entities Owner & stakeholders
JPSPN
SWCorp, MITI, MOF, SIRIM, MGTC,
MOSTI, MOE
Initiative Factsheet
Enhance awareness and public education efforts on sustainable waste management

Case for change Cost / Funding

Poor understanding and lack of understanding of the Total

public RM 10 m / year
funding
Low reach in marketing communication efforts for target
areas/ groups Impact
Unconsolidated social media activities
Traditional community activities such as gotong-royong Overall recycling rate of 22%
no longer attractive 10,927 tonnes/ day diverted from
Our proposal landfills
Most effective measure to minimise
Alignment and consolidation of efforts between waste in the long run
Comms units of Government entities Transform the minds of the public
to include 3R as a daily lifestyle
Implement targeted awareness campaigns through
various media including online media
Higher budget for marketing communication efforts Key success factors
for more impactful and innovative advertisements
Attractive, targeted and aggressive
Consolidate and coordinate social media efforts advertising campaigns
Introduce new and innovative community activities Continuous education of the public
Cooperation from the private sector
Recognise and communicate success stories of and NGOs
Separation at Home to the mass public
Engage and collaborate with companies as part of Owner & stakeholders
their CSR activities SWCorp
Instil awareness and understanding of waste JPSPN, MOE, DOE, PBTs,
community leaders
management into the education system
 Initiative Factsheet
Establish smart partnerships with NGOs, private sector, academic institutions and communities

Case for change Cost / Funding

Large gap between JPSPN & SWCorp with external parties
Total
NGOs are more focused on environment conservation funding
RM 2 m / year
activities, and less focused on 3R activties
Lack of incentives to NGOs & private sector to participate
actively in 3R activities Impact
Uncoordinated and one-off partnership activities
Overall recycling rate of 22%
Our proposal
10,927 tonnes/ day diverted from
landfills
Formalise the platform for
Formulate National Annual Plan for organising stakeholder networking
stake-holders networking Sharing of responsibilities on
implementing 3R programs
Establish ongoing consultative forum and provide Bridge the gap between the
networking opportunities between each party Government and industry players

Develop partnership/ joint venture activities on 3Rs Key success factors

Provide standard guidelines for 3R activities by Incentives or recognition to attract
NGOs e.g. colour coding, location, design of bins, partnerships
waste bag size Continuity of partnership programmes
Representative from Government to attend industry
association meetings upon invitation
Owner & stakeholders
JPSPN
SWCorp, DOE, PBTs, industry
associations1, NGOs, academic
institutions, community leaders

1) Industry associations WMAM, AECCOM, SOWACO, IPMC (Selangor), FMM

 Initiative Factsheet
Ensure sustainable Construction & Demolition (C&D) Solid Waste Management practice in
infrastructure projects
Case for change Cost / Funding

Only 5% C&D waste are estimated to be recycled Total

Prevalence of illegal dumping due to ineffective enforcement RM 25 m
funding
Environment pollutants such as asbestos, paint, cement
Breeding ground for Aedes mosquitoes Impact
Lack of facilities to process & recycle waste
Zero illegal dumping by 2018
Our proposal
60% recycling rate of C&D waste
Promote recycling of building
Sustainable C&D waste management at materials
site Increase utilisation of C&D facility in
Sg Kertas
Ensuring All C&D Waste Is Properly
Protection of the environment
Disposed and Recycled/ Treated
Improve enforcement and monitoring
mechanism on C&D waste flow Key success factors
Ensure waste diversion from landfill for
Regulations on C&D waste
large-scale construction projects exceeds
Effective enforcement
50%
Adequate facilities to process and
Transform the minds of all stakeholders in recycle waste
the construction industry on the Cooperation from PBTs
importance of 3R practice
Owner & stakeholders
Identify and establish adequate facilities
in local areas SWCorp
JPSPN, CIDB, JKR, DOE, AGC,
Increase the possibilities of usage of PBTs, developers and construction
secondary material in the construction 2017-2020 Target
companies
industry and other industries
 2 Other related waste

Initiative Factsheet optimization initiatives

Implement effective management of e-waste from households and hazardous household waste
(HHW)
Case for change Cost / Funding

Increased pollution from E-Waste and HHW Total

Absence of coordinated collection mechanism -
funding
Lack of awareness on the importance of proper disposal
of e-waste and HHW Impact
Underutilised recovery facilities
Minimise toxic materials entering
Our proposal our waste stream
Consolidated collection system for
Leverage on Separation at Home e-waste & HHW
Enhance knowledge and awareness on separation Create economies of scale for the
recycling/ recovery industry
of e-waste and HHW at households, Improve utilisation of e-waste
Strong collaboration (JPSPN, SWCorp and DOE) recovery facilities
to consolidate collection of e-waste and HHW
Provide access to DOEs appointed contractor to Key success factors
collect waste from concessionaire drop off points
Strong collaboration between JPSPN,
Establish adequate collection and recycling centres SWCorp & DOE
Finalisation of Household Scheduled
Establish data gathering mechanism from Waste Regulations EQA 1974
collection centres to obtain information on waste Collection centres for recyclables in
quantity and composition selected zones based on population
Effective monitoring of collection and separation Owner & stakeholders
activities up to final disposal facility according to
JPSPN & DOE
procedures. SWCorp, Concessionaires, PBTs,
Encourage/enforce collector to sent the collected manufacturers
waste to licensed facility