Introduction to Market Creation and Circular Economy

Workshop

Green Technology Foresight 2030 the Waste Industry

by Noor Zalina Mahmood

University of Malaya
Email : alin@um.edu.my

National Solid Waste Management Department,

Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government

2 August 2016
NATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY POLICY STATEMENT

NGTP: POLICY STATEMENT

Green Technology shall be a driver to

accelerate the national economy and promote
sustainable development
WHAT WE KNOW..
SECTORIAL SCOPING WASTE Waste
The solid waste is generally generated and can be classified into
Domestic / Municipal Solid Waste ( Act 672 )
Hazardous Waste (EQA 1974, 2005 & 2009)
Electronic Waste (Domestic & Industries)
Agricultural Waste (Biomass)
Clinical / Medical Waste

The waste sector scope will

address the following
Waste Generation
Waste Storage
Waste Haulage/ Collection/
Transportation
Waste Transformation
Waste Disposal (Source : Van de Klundert and Anschtz, Science Direct)
WHAT WE ASPIRE .
DESIRED SCENARIO Waste
Desired Scenario By Year 2030
Effectively managed (generation, collection, transportation and processing) the
increasing amount and complexity of waste through an integrated approach without
adverse effect (safety and health) on the environment and to become an alternative
resource and product

TARGETS
1. Towards Zero Organic Waste to Landfill
2. Integrated Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal
3. Treatment of Like for Like
4. Extended Produce Responsibility
WHICH WE NEED TO FOCUS
TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Waste
Manufacturing

WASTE
Product /
Generation Storage Collection Transport Treatment Disposal
Services
Control waste generation
TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Waste
Manufacturing

Sector
WASTE
Opportunities

Generation Storage
Applications

Separation at Source Extended Producer Decentralized Integrated

Responsibility (EPR) Green Design
Storage Treatment

Mechanical separation of waste Producer responsibility Control waste Minimisation and managing of waste as close to
stream components followed by initiatives as a key tool for generation: the source as possible
biological treatment of the promoting recovery of value Bulk distribution Decentralized waste management systems that
organic fraction from waste. Pre-packed and maximize recycling
Separation at source for: loose products Decentralized community-based systems
green waste and food waste, EPR is designed for Refill systems
industries.
Technology Areas/Trends

paper and cardboard, glacc, Bigger sizes

plastics and cans, mixed Advanced producer Changing shape
waste. responsibility scheme
Household waste processing involves packaging
industry, newspapers,
automotives batteries,
consumer batteries,
electrical and electronic
products and tyres.

Technology Areas
Samples of Technologies/Technology Trends

Recommended Green Technology Areas

Note : The lists of Technology Areas identified herein are not necessary exhaustive. They are shown herein to give an overarching direction of where Green Technologies for the Manufacturing sector is heading, come 2030.
TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Waste
Manufacturing

Sector
WASTE
Opportunities

Collection Transport
Applications

Integrated
Automated Vacuum
Collection waste Waste Footprint Tracking National Waste Grid
collection (AVAC)
grid
Underground automated waste conveying systems Waste pneumatic Technology automation,
Waste management and tracking transportation system integration and collaboration
Tracks waste from the point of creation to the point of
shipment or disposal.
Technology Areas/Trends

Technology Areas
Samples of Technologies/Technology Trends

Recommended Green Technology Areas

Note : The lists of Technology Areas identified herein are not necessary exhaustive. They are shown herein to give an overarching direction of where Green Technologies for the Manufacturing sector is heading, come 2030.
TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Waste
Manufacturing

Sector
Opportunities
WASTE

Treatment Disposal Product Services

Applications

Waste Cradle Higher Market

Integrated Bioreme Integrated Ecosystem Balancing
To Landfill to Value for
Treatment diation Disposal & Biodiversity
Wealth Cradle Recyclables

Integrated Plants Waste to Biodrying Co Disposal Technology Close loop approach

Mechanical Energy Modern landfill technology
Biological Bioconv Autoclaving Sludge disposal / drain
Treatment ersion cleaning
Waste to Energy to Zero Organics to landfill
Gasification alcohol
Technology Areas/Trends

In-vessel fuels
composting Combus
Pyrolysis tion to
Tunnel Fuels
composting
Plasma arc
waste disposal

Technology Areas
Samples of Technologies/Technology Trends

Recommended Green Technology Areas

Note : The lists of Technology Areas identified herein are not necessary exhaustive. They are shown herein to give an overarching direction of where Green Technologies for the Manufacturing sector is heading, come 2030.
WHAT ARE AVAILABLE
 Functional Elements in Waste Management against different type of waste :
Technological and systems approach
Generation Storage Collection Transport Treatment Disposal Product-waste as
resource
Hazardous Prevention
Integrated Integrated collection- Integrated treatment Integrated disposal
Less packaging collection-waste waste grid - trienikens
Green design Generation in Waste
Storage grid (wth. agri
Collection Transporttype of waste
Treatment Disposal
Functional Elements Management against different : Technological and systemsProduct-waste
approach
waste) as resource
Hazardous Prevention Integrate Integrated Integrated Integrated
Less d collection- treatment - disposal
Municipal Reuse and reduce Decentralised
packaging Source collection Carbon efficiency
waste grid
trienikens Proximity principle Proximity principle Close loop
Green -waste
Separation at storagedesign
with separation grid (wth. applied applied approach -
source proximity Decentralizedagri Entropy of waste Cradle to Cradle
waste)
Entropy of waste
Municipal principle
Reuse and collection
Decentral Source Carbon Proximity Proximity Close Biogas
Bin design based
reduce isedSpecial vehicle
separatio efficiency principle principle loop Nano-carbon
Separation storage n applied applied approach
on wasteat source withSize ofvehicleDecentral Entropy of - Cradle product

characterization
Entropy of proximity ized waste to Cradle compost
waste principle collection Biogas
Bin Special Nano-
design vehicle carbon
based on Size of product
Medical Prevention Bin design waste vehicle Safe treatment compost
character
Ewaste Design for ization Effective Miniaturization Cradle to cradle
Medical Prevention Bin Safe
environment-DfE design treatment reprocessing and the manufacture
Extended Ewaste Design for Effective
technology
Miniaturizat development of
Cradle to buy back
environme reprocessing ion and the cradle
producer nt-DfE technology developme manufactmore efficient (producer
responsibility Extended
Extended nt of more ure buycloud computing responsibility)
producer efficient back
responsibil
responsibil cloud networks
(producer
ity computing responsibi
Agri-com More with less Integrated Integrated networks lity) Creating higher
Agri-com More with Integrate Integrate Creating
treatment-like
less d
treatment-like
d higher
value for waste
with like with like
treatmen treatmen value for product
t-like t-like with waste
Diversion and Diversion
with like
andlike product
Creation of
conversion of conversion
Diversion ofDiversion Creation market for
and and of market
waste waste
conversio conversio for
recycle items
n of n of recycle (old newspaper
waste waste items (old
newspape
model)
r model)
Agri-non Agri-non customiza customization of
tion of
food products
food
products
 List of Technologies for Waste Sector

Cluster Technology Description - can duplicate for each technology in respective

class
Generation 1. Green Design with waste prevention and less packaging Technologies that prevent waste from being generated which
2. Separation at source can be even at design stage while also identifying the source
3. Extended producer responsibility and type of waste that is to be produced so that the waste
4. Technology of waste info feedstock data mining can be systematically moved to be coupled with other waste
5. Technology for household waste processing - shredders to act as a resource
composters

Storage 1. Decentralised storage with proximity principle Including all types of storage either temporary or long term
2. Bin design based on waste characterization with the possibility to act as a intermediate fro further
3. Integrated treatment - like with like processing
4. Diversion and conversion technologies
5. Transfer station-compacting equipment for bailing &
stacking

Collection 1. Integrated collection-waste grid Looks at either centralised or decentralised collection

2. Decentralized collection depending on future use. Collection planning with the type of
3. Vehicle technology vehicles or movement without vehicles and the ability to
4. Vending machines for buy back activities trace the source of the waste
5. RFID tracing barcode
6. Automated Vacuum Collection (AVAC)
7. Pollution control and management
 List of Technologies for Waste Sector

Cluster Technology Description - can duplicate for each technology in

respective class
Transport 1. Waste footprint tracking Less transport with proximity principal
2. National waste grid NIMBY Syndrome
3. Green transport/ vehicle-trucks Reduce carbon footprint
4. Technology of waste info feed
5. Multiple mini MRF / transfer station
Treatment 1. Integrated treatment technologies all kind of waste Ability to treat multiple feed or waste with the
2. Effective reprocessing technology product market into an established and demand
3. National biogas grid driven products
4. Biomass to energy BPEO or BATNEEC application
5. Waste to wealth technologies
6. Biodegradable products
7. Waste minimization
8. Bioremediation -phytoremediation, bioventing, bioleaching, landfarming,
bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and biostimulation.
9. Technology to process e-waste
10. Integrated waste recycling facilitiesorganic waste (AD), drive thru recycling
facilities
Disposal 1. Integrated disposal Integrated disposal of all types of waste which will
2. National biogas grid ensure that pollution to the final disposal is
3. Ecosystem balancing & biodiversity prevented
4. Technology to create market for waste product
5. Landfill Technology
Product / 1. Close loop approach - Cradle to Cradle - Manufacture buy back (producer New products with the creation of new markets to
Resource responsibility) pull the resource out of the waste stream
2. Creating higher value for waste product
3. Creation of market for recycle items (old newspaper model)
WHERE TO START
 3.73
WASTE

SELECTIVE EMPHASIS
STRONG EMPHASIS

Attractiveness
3.32

2.91

LIMITED SUPPORT
2.50
2.50 2.91 3.32 3.73

Feasibility
Separation at source Extended producer responsibility Technology of waste info feedstock data mining

Technology for household waste processing - shredders composters Decentralised storage with proximity principle Bin design based on waste characterization

Integrated treatment - like with like Diversion and conversion technologies Transfer station-compacting equipment for bailing & stacking

Green Design with waste prevention and less packaging Integrated collection-waste grid Decentralized collection

Vehicle technology Vending machines for buy back activities RFID tracing barcode

Automated Vacuum Collection (AVAC) Pollution control and management Waste footprint tracking

National waste grid Green transport/ vehicle-trucks Technology of waste info feed

Multiple mini MRF / transfer station Integrated treatment technologies all kind of waste Effective reprocessing technology

National biogas grid Biomass to energy Waste to wealth technologies

Biodegradable products Waste minimization Bioremediation

Technology to process e-waste Integrated waste recycling facilities Integrated disposal

National biogas grid Ecosystem balancing & biodiversity Technology to create market for waste product

Landfill Technology Close loop approach - Cradle to Cradle - Manufacture buy back Creating higher value for waste product

Creation of market for recycle items (old newspaper model)

WATER
3.50

SELECTED EMPHASIS

STRONG EMPHASIS

Attractiveness
3.00

2.50

WATER

LIMITED SUPPORT

2.00
2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Feasibility
Groundwater Management Catchment area protection and land management
Water quality management technology Seawater intrusion prevention technology
Stormwater management Ecosystem balancing & biodiversity
Disaster prevention Water resource availability forecasting
Atmospheric water resources availability Flood mitigation
Gobal circulation model (GCM) and regional hydro climate model Underground water resources availability
Fresh water resources availability Seawater resources availability
Water Treatment related technology Water Storage and Distribution related technology
Water treatment and distribution supporting infrastructure Efficient usage of water
Efficient usage of water for big water consumer Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Wastewater recycling
Cleaner Production
HOW TO GO FORWARD: AN INTEGRTED
APPROACH ..
Prioritisation of Drivers of Change
1. Policy specific & integration
Policy implementation
2. Technology advancement & innovation
Machinery optimization Malaysia product and technology buy in Malaysian Technologies
3. Economic infrastructure & facilities
Funding ecosystem (communications and knowledge banks, industries etc)Commodity price on
waste
4. Awareness, education & employment
Green Job creation
Higher value job for locals
5. Cost & resource efficiency
Integration of economy and policy to create supply chain opportunity for waste management industry.
6. Global economic growth
Supply chain opportunity
Modernization of machinery reduce reliability of foreign workers
7. Energy prices
Biomass Commodity exchange
8. Environmental degradation
Green Neighbourhood
9. Resource scarcity
Monitoring and data
10. Climate change
 Social
Drivers of change Description/remarks
D01. Accessibility & The need for people to have accessibility and resources security
Security
Resource technology application (e.g. Social safety
irrigation system, vulnerability map) Social tensions due to crisis (e.g. water, food,
Resource quality (nutritional value, organic) energy)
Rising in demand & consumption of resource Sustainable resource management (e.g. smart
(Population growth & rise of middle class) grid systems)

D02. Awareness, The importance of educating and enculturation of people for being green minded society
education & Employment in green job Public and private perception (green revolution,
employment Ethical behaviour toward environment youth preference, carbon benchmarking)
preservation Shift in preferences / consumer behaviour (e.g.
Human capital development processed products, convenient goods, FMCG)
Improve urban-rural livelihood Woman empowerment
Youth empowerment
Green job creation
D03. Public Health & The activities that encourage healthy and quality lifestyle at the same time minimise risks
Risk Biosafety & Bio-ethics Eco-city & township
Cost of natural disaster to industry & publics Low maintenance/Lifestyle of Health &
Demographic trend (acute diseases & ageing Sustainability (LoHAS)
population, modern lifestyle) Optimise land usage

D04. Mobility & Green approaches in mobility and connectivity

Connectivity Drive less & driverless Technology applications (GPS, RFID, EEV, 3D
Mode of transport and logistics node printing)
Modern lifestyle & Wireless community Tele-commuting (Virtual office trends)
Ownership & ridership
Economy
Drivers of change Description/ remarks
D05. Cost & The importance of creating more with less resources
resource efficiency Economic and ecological costs (Waste removal and Higher value added downstream activities
disposal) Integration of economy and policy
Efficient and reliable resources (efficient
manufacturing, high concentration of heavy metals)

D06. Energy prices The impact of energy prices to overall economic activities
Demand of renewables, bio-fuel Volatility of Global Energy Price
Energy supply and consumption Biomass commodity exchange
Market settings, grid parity

D07. Global Leveraging globalisation & regional linkages

economic growth Bio-economy
Globalization & Market Forces
Computing architecture & big data e.g. High
Globalization of the resource-supply chain
performance computing
World financial crisis
Creation of market demand for green growth
Supply chain opportunity

Modernization of machinery reduce
reliability of foreign workers
D08. Technology Commercialisation of technologies that encourage sustainable productivity growth
advancement & Eco technological innovations (breakthrough Product miniaturisation / modular design /
innovation technology) process intensification
Indigenous / superior efficiency and performance Product lifecycle / pollution free
technology Productivity growth & efficiency
Mix of high-tech and low-tech approaches Smart / intelligent system
Machinery optimization Malaysia product
and technology
Environment
Drivers of change Description/ remarks
D09. Climate change The impact of human activities and the exploitation of technologies and resources to enable
development of strategies and measures
Extreme weather & natural disasters Technologies mitigation & adaptation to climate
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions & change
global warming

D10. Environmental The human activities to prevent environmental degradation

degradation
Bio-efficient (process of decomposition,
agroforestry)
Deforestation / desertification
Ecosystem management and growth
(restoration, preservation, remediate
damage, monetization)
D11. Resource scarcity To optimise limited resources and to explore
Alternative / renewable resources
Biodiversity and resource management
(precision farming, variable rate
technology)
Ecosystems services
Restrictive environmental regulations
Waste management/byproducts
Green neighborhood
renewable / alternative resources
Resource Conversion / Recovery
Resource Generation & Disposal
Resource Efficiency
Technology automation, integration & collaboration
Water security
Monitoring and data
Governance
Drivers of Change Description/remarks
D12. Policy specific & Intervention towards commitments in achieving green nation
integration 40% CO2 intensity reduction (Crisis responses) Regulation / Legislation / Gazette / Act
Cross-ministerial commitments to prosper (Sustainable Energy Development Authoritys
green technology development (SEDA) Act, Town and country planning act, cap-
International legislation and agreement and-trade)
Nations aggressively pursuing green agenda Standards / Certification / Code of Practices
(National carbon disclosure
programme(NCDP))

D13. Economic Instruments & tools to support the implementation of green growth
infrastructure & Adaptation of new and innovative financial Market penetration & product promotion
facilities instruments (incentive, subsidies, tariff e.g. Minimising environmental impacts at reasonable
Feed in Tariff (FiT), RE fund, GTFS, carbon costs
trade) Physical Infrastructure Support (e.g. economic
Green procurement policy / offset programme corridor, industrial hub, green township)
Investment & trade facilitation Funding ecosystem (communications and
knowledge banks, industries etc)
Commodity price on waste

D14. Institutional Driving & prospering of green growth by the stakeholders, synergistically
framework
Collaborative platform Political responses to address economic and
Institutional Structure for Enforcement social issues (e.g. inflation, disruption in food
Increasing economic and social costs, supplies, haze, natural disasters)
eventually forcing action Stakeholder inclusivity (top down, bottom up
approach)
Conclusion
The shape of the future is circular. How will this profit the waste
industry?

THANK YOU.

Acknowledgement: Sources of the slides are from series of workshop between the presenter and MiGHT for the Green Technology Foresight
2030 Project on Waste Sector 2013-2015. Green Technology Foresight 2030 (GTF 2030) is a joint initiative between KETTHA, MGTC and MIGHT
to build future scenarios of Green Technology in Malaysia.