Name Date Class

Viruses
Understanding Main Ideas
1. Viruses are considered to be nonliving. How are they similar to living organisms, and how are they
different?

2. How are viruses similar to parasites?

3. In the diagram to the right, what is the structure and function of the part
labeled A?

4. What is the structure and function of the part labeled B?

Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the
right column on the line beside the term in the left column.

5. virus
a. an organism that lives on or in a host and causes it
harm
6. host b. a substance introduced in the body to help produce
chemicals that destroy specific viruses

7. parasite c. an organism that provides a source of energy for a

virus or another organism
d. a tiny, nonliving particle that enters and then
8. vaccine reproduces inside a living cell

45
Name Date Class

Bacteria
Understanding Main Ideas

1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of eukaryotes?

2. List four ways that bacteria are helpful to people.

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________

Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the
right column on the line beside the term in the left column.

3. bacteria a. tiny structures that produce proteins inside bacteria

4. cytoplasm b. a process by which bacteria reproduce asexually

c. organisms that break down large, complex chemicals
5. ribosomes in dead organisms into small, simple chemicals

6. flagellum d. the region inside the cell membrane of a bacterium

e. a process by which bacteria reproduce sexually
7. cellular respiration
f. the process of breaking down food to release energy
8. binary fission
g. tiny single-celled organisms that live almost
9. conjugation everywhere

h. a method of slowing down food spoilage

10. endospore
i. a small, rounded, thick-walled resting cell inside a
11. pasteurization bacterial cell

j. a whip-like structure that helps a bacterial cell to

12. decomposers
move