Tutorial Sheet-2 (Hints and Answers)

MATHEMATICS-II (MA10002)

1. (a), (b), (d) The given set is a basis of the corresponding vector space. First show that the
set is linearly independent. Then show that it spans the given vector space.

(c) The given set is not a basis of the corresponding vector space. The set is linearly
dependent.

2. S = {(1, 6, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 3, 0, 1)} is a basis of U . U can be written as

U = {(z1 , 6z1 , 2z4 z5 , z4 , z5 ) : z1 , z4 , z5 C} = span S. Now try to show that S is
linearly independent and spans U .

3. (a) S = {(5, 1, 3)} is a basis of U . Dimension of U is 1. Try to show that U can be written
as U = {(x, y, z) Rn : x + 2y + z = 0, 3y + z = 0} = {(5y, y, 3y) : y R}.

(b) S = {(1, 0, 1, 3, 0), (0, 1, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 7, 1)} is a basis of U . Dimension of U is 3.

Try to show that U can be written as U = {(x1 , x2 , x1 x2 , 3x1 + 7x5 , x5 ) : x1 , x2 , x5 R}.

4. (a) dim(U W ) = 2 and dim(U + W ) = 4. U W = {a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 P3 :

a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 = 0, a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 = 0} = span{1 2x + x2 , 2 3x + x2 }. U + W =
{(a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 ) + (b0 + b1 x + b2 x2 + b3 x3 ) P3 : a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 = 0, b1 + 2b2 + 3b3 =
0 = span{1+x, 1+x2 , 1+x3 , 1, 2x+x2 , 3x+x3 } = span{1+x, 1+x2 , 1+x3 , 1}.

(b) (i) S = {x, 13 x2 , x3 , 15 x4 } is a basis of U and dimU = 4. U can be written as

U = {a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + a4 x4 P4 : 2a0 + 2a32 + 2a54 = 0} = spanS.

(ii) S1 = {1, x, 31 x2 , x3 , 51 x4 } is a basis for P4 .

5. (a), (c), (d) T is a linear transformation. Check the property T (v1 +v2 ) = T (v1 )+T (v2 )
for scalars , and vectors v1 , v2 .

(b) T is not a linear mapping. Check that T (v1 ) 6= T (v1 ).

6. Take (z) = z, z C. Then (z + w) = (z) + (w), for z, w C but (i(1 + i)) = 1 i 6=

1 + i = i(1 + i).

7. (a) N (T ) = span{(1, 0, 1)}, R(T ) = span{(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 2)}. dimN (T ) = 1, dimR(T ) =
2 and dimN (T ) + dimR(T ) = dimR3 . N (T ) = {(x, y, z) R3 : x + y + z = 0, 2x + y + 2z =
0, x + 2y + z = 0} = {(x, y, z) R3 : x + z = 0, y = 0} and R(T ) = {(x + y + z, 2x + y +

1
 2z, x + 2y + z) : x, y, z R} = span{(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1)}.

(b)N (T )= Set of all skew symmetric matrices in M22 , R(T )= Set of all symmetric matri-
ces in M22 . dimN (T ) = 2(21)
2
= 1, dimR(T ) = 2(2+1)
2
= 3 and dimN (T ) + dimR(T ) =
dimM22 .

(c) N (T ) = span{(1, 1)}, R(T ) = span{(1, 1)}. dimN (T ) = 1, dimR(T ) = 1 and

dimN (T ) + dimR(T ) = dimR2 .

(d) N (T ) = span{(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)}, R(T ) = R. dimN (T ) = 2, dimR(T ) = 1 and

dimN (T ) + dimR(T ) = dimR3 .

8. (a)T (x, y, z) = 8x3y 2z, (x, y, z) R3 . Try to express (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1)+(0, 1, 2)+
(0, 0, 1) for some , , , then operate T on both side.

(b)T (x, y, z) = (x + 2y + z, x + z, y + z), (x, y, z) R3 . Try to express (x, y, z) =

e1 + e2 + e3 for some , , , then operate T on both side.

(c) T (x, y, z) = ( x+y+z

4
, x+y+z
4
, x+y+z
4
), (x, y, z) R3 . Try to express (x, y, z) = (2, 1, 1) +
(1, 2, 1) + (1, 1, 2) for some , , , then operate T on both side.

1 1 1
9. (a)1 0 1. Try to find the values on the basis vectors and express those in terms of that
1 1 0
basis.

0 0 2 0
0 0 0 6
(b)0 0 0 0.Try to find the values on the basis vectors and express those in terms

0 0 0 0
of that basis.

2 0 0 0
1 2 0 0

(c)
0 1 2 0. Try to find the values on the basis vectors and express those in terms of

0 0 1 2
0 0 0 1
that basis.

10. (i) Check dimN (T ) = dimR2 . Then apply rank nullity theorem.

(ii) dimN (T ) = 3. Then apply rank nullity theorem to show that dimR(T ) = 5.

(iii) Apply rank nullity theorem.

(iv) Find dimN (T ) and apply rank nullity theorem.

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