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AE664

Applied Compressible Flow



Assignment 1

Due Date: 17/08/2016.

PLEASE SHOW ALL YOUR WORK CLEARLY. JUSTIFY THE USE OF EQUATIONS

1. For a calorically perfect gas, derive the relation ! ! = . Repeat the
derivation for a thermally perfect gas.

2. Calculate the work that is done when 1 mole of water is vaporized at 100o
C and at 1 atm pressure. In carrying out the calculation:
(a) Use the observed increase in volume of 3.019 X 10-2 m3 per mole
vaporized
(b) Use the volume increase which would occur if the water vapour were
a perfect gas
Compare the results with the latent heat of vaporization (4.061 X 104
Jmol-1), and consider, in terms of the molecular forces, why the heat is so
much larger than the work.

3. The pressure and temperature ratios across a given portion of a shock
wave in air are P2/P1 = 4.5 and T2/T1 = 1.687, where 1 and 2 denote
conditions ahead and behind the shock wave, respectively. Calculate the
change in entropy.

4. In a heat exchanger, air is heated from 20 to 80o C by means of a second
air stream that enters the exchanger at 150o. The two streams flow at
equal molar rates. Calculate the entropy change per mole of the two
streams and also the total entropy change.
For simplicity assume that the air has a constant heat capacity of 29 J K-
1mol-1. Repeat the calculations for the case in which the cooler air stream

is raised to a temperature of 120o C.


Why could this be achieved only in a counter-current system?

5. Calculate the entropy change of the water when 1 mole of supercooled
water freezes at -10o C and 1 atm. Take the heat capacity of water and ice
as constant at 75 and 38 J K-1 mol-1 respectively and the latent heat of
fusion at 0o C as 6026 J mol-1.
Estimate the entropy change for the surrounding as well.

6. Show that the thermodynamic definition of temperature

! !"
!
!" (S = Entropy, U = Internal Energy, V = Volume)
!


is the equivalent to the empirical temperature definition based on the
perfect gas relation Pv = cT (v = specific volume and c is a constant).
You might need to use the relation from calculus, where for F = F (x, y)
!
= |! = |!
!
!


7. If a density variation of less than 5% is allowed for a flow to be
considered incompressible, show that ! > 0.3 is a good estimate for
when compressibility effects become significant in air. ! is the free
stream Mach number far ahead of the vehicle of interest. In what
situations might this rule of thumb fail? Justify your answers.

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