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WELCOME THE RAIN

RAINWATER HARVESTING
101
What is rainwater harvesting?
z Rainwater harvesting is the
process of collecting rainwater
from a designated impervious
surface for use some other way.
z Harvested rainwater is often
used:
– for irrigation
– for non-potable purposes
– sometimes for potable purposes
Compliments of OASIS DESIGNS

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Parts of a System
z Collection Surface
z Initial conveyance
– Gutters and Downspouts
z Roof washer
z Holding tanks - Cisterns
z Distribution and Fixtures

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Collection Surface
z Non-pedestrian non-vehicular
surfaces
– Roof surfaces
• Any allowable roofing material
• Metal surfaces work best
z Why?
– Limiting the surface to non-pedestrian
surfaces assists in the prevention of
introduction of foreign matter into the system

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Collection surface (continued)

z Roof Area Calculations


– In an average rain event, for each inch
of rainfall each square foot of roof
typically collects .6233 gallons of rain.
– Of that 25 to 30 percent is typically lost
before entering the holding tank/cistern.

SUPPLY ( Gallons ) = (CATCHMENT AREA ( FT2 ) x


RAINFALL ( inches )) x( .75 x .6233 GAL/CF)

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Collection surface (continued)

z Calculations continued
– Catchment area = 2,000 sq ft
– Average annual rainfall = 25 inches
– Average collection/sq ft area/inch of
rainfall = .6233 gal/inch
– Average collectable amount = 75%
Supply = (2,000 x 25) x (.75 x .6233)
or
Supply = 23,374 gal annually

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Initial Conveyance
z Gets the water from the roof to the
cistern.
z Gutters
– Any gutter material will work in a storm.
– wider gutters will allow for more water to be
conveyed during a heavier storm.
– Gutter Screens
z Downspouts
– Big wide downspouts

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Roof Washer
z The roof washer is the fist level of
filtration in a full system and the
primary level of filtration in a partial
system.
z Roof washers serve two purposes:
– Divert the first 10 gallons of water from
entering the cisterns
– Filter the water before it enters the
cistern
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Roof Washer (continued)

z Construction
– Inlet pipe/ opening
– Holding Chamber
– Filter medium – Outlet pipes
• Filter fabric • First Flush
• Fine sand or • Cistern
gravel • Overflow

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Roof Washer (continued)

z Ready for installation


– Water Filtration Company
– Bushman Corporation

z Construct your own

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Roof Washer Detail Number 1

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Roof Washer Detail Number 2

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Roof Washer Detail Number 3

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Roof Washer Detail Number 4

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Cisterns
z Cisterns are the storage facilities for
rainwater systems.
z Can be located above or below
ground
z Made of a variety of materials
– recommended that they are created of
materials that can be used for potable
water.

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Cisterns (continued)

z Size
– Use estimations
• Family of 4 average use between 40 and 60
gallons per day, or
• between 10 and 15 gallons per individual
– Minimum Size Requirements
• State of Ohio - 2,500 gal.
• City of Portland- 1,500 gal.
• Texas provides no minimum

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Cisterns (continued)

z Location Considerations
– General
• Always in conformance with MFG’s
instructions
• Accessible

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Cisterns (continued)

z Location considerations
– Above ground
• Flat land
• Year round protection from sunlight
• Structurally sound
• Height to width ratios
• Not aesthetically displeasing

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Cisterns (continued)

z Location considerations
– Below Grade
• Not a tripping hazard
• Listed for burial

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Cisterns (continued)

z Openings
– Screen protection recommended
– Locks where necessary
z Inlets
– Above cistern floor
– Situated to create as little disturbance
as possible.
– Potable water backup

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Cisterns (continued)

z Outlets
– Outflow pipe above floor
• 6 - 18 inches
• Avoids muck
– Away from inlet
– Hooks to distribution piping
z Overflows
– Located toward top of cistern
– Discharge location approved
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Cistern Detail Number 1

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Cisterns - Above Grade
z Complements of Norwesco

z Compliments of Inside Out

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Cisterns - Below Grade

z Compliments of Sir-Tanks A lot

z Compliments of Norwesco

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Cisterns - Engineered and Constructed

z Compliments of Peter L. Pfeiffer

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Collection Initial Conveyance Detail

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Collection Initial Conveyance Detail

z Compliments of Bushman Corporation

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Distribution and Fixtures
z Pumps, Filters and Pipes
– Pumps
• Properly sized for system
• Consider potability factor
• Pressure tank?
– Filters and Treatment
• At this stage, only necessary for potable
systems.
– Sediment filter
– UV Filter
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Distribution and Fixtures (Continued)
z Pipes
– Potable Systems
• Traditional plumbing
– Combination Systems
• Separate and separated from piping for
potable system
– Separation in trenches and wall cavities
– Cross connection protection

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Distribution and Fixtures (Continued)
z Fixtures
– Utilize standard plumbing fixtures

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Distribution and Fixtures (Continued)
z Materials
– Any allowed under code
– Clearly identified as non-potable water
• Purple pipe
• Continual Mylar marking
• Other clear-continual marking
– Fittings and other components appropriate
to system.

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Distribution and Fixtures (Continued)
z Clear identification in obvious locations
– Pipes
– Fixtures
z All installations per code
requirements

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Distribution to Fixtures Detail

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Other Considerations
z System maintenance
z System abandonment
z Recording
z Jurisdiction considerations
– Liability – Permits
– Inspections – Planning and zoning
– Fees

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Additional Resources
z Oasisdesign.net
– General information including design considerations
and resource guide
z Ohio Department of Health
– ‘Plans for developing a cistern water supply’ (revised
6/82)
– www.odh.state.oh.us
z ‘Texas Guide to Rainwater Harvesting’
www.twdb.state.tx.us/assistance/conservation/Rain.htm
z NW Green Directory
– www.nwgreendirectory.com
z Sustainable Building Sourcebook
– www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/Rainwater.html
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