EnvironmentalChallengesandImpacts:
TheneedforregionalizedSystem
AirPollution
Climate LandUse&
Change Contamination
Impacts
HumanHealth
Res lting
Resulting FossilFuels
Depletion
fromBuilt
Environment
Materials Water
Depletion Depletion
WaterPollution
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
LandUse&
Contamina
AIRPOLLUTION
tion
MajorPollutants
Impacts
Human Resulting FossilFuels Sulfurdioxide(SOx)
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
Nitrogenoxides(NOx)
Carbonmonoxide(CO)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbondioxide(CO2)
Materials Water Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)
Depletion Depletion
Water
Pollution
Sources
Non natural sources
Nonnaturalsources
Powerplants,factories,incinerators
Motorvehicles,marinevesselsandaircraft
Chemicals,dustandcontrolledburnpractices
Fumesfrompaint,hairspray,varnish,aerosolspraysandother
solvents
Wastedepositioninlandfills
NaturalSources
Dust
Methane,emittedbythedigestionoffoodbyanimals
RadongasfromradioactivedecaywithintheEarth'scrust
Smokeandcarbonmonoxide
1 EPA:AP42: CompilationofAirPollutantEmissionFactors
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
LandUse&
Contamina
AIRPOLLUTION
tion
Frommajorpollutants NOx,SOx,CO,C02,VOCs
Impacts
Resulting
Human
Health fromBuilt
FossilFuels
Depletion GCCCountriesTotalEmissions TotalEmissionsofMajorCountries
Environment Bahrain GCCTotal
Oman 3% 4%
6%
Materials Water
Depletion Depletion
UAE
Water
Pollution 17%
China USA
Qatar 46% 41%
6% SaudiArabia
Kuwait 57%
11%
Japan Germany
6% 3%
Emissions
Saudi
Saudi
Bahrain Kuwait Qatar UAE Oman GCCTotal USA Germany Japan China World
Arabia
CarbonMonoxide 297.80 4,805.40 599.30 249.30 854.50 446.60 7,252.90 77,706.70 6,032.00 11,609.00 88,867.30 1,076,751.70
NitrogenOxides 68.10 955.10 138.10 111.10 971.00 59.20 2,302.60 19,388.40 2,013.00 3,296.60 13,911.60 126,609.90
NonmethaneVOC 81.40 4,830.60 1,042.20 377.00 1,178.50 545.60 8,055.30 19,042.50 1,907.20 5,091.60 11,689.40 186,315.10
Sulfurdioxide 83.60 1,259.90 300.30 27.30 940.70 94.80 2,706.60 17,866.00 2,402.10 2,596.70 34,204.70 150,338.50
CarbonDioxide 15,920.00 309,970.00 60,760.00 32,560.00 95,370.00 30,890.00 545,470.00 5,722,810.00 839,960.00 1,225,180.00 3,102,110.00 23,832,700.00
Totals 16,450.90 321,821.00 62,839.90 33,324.70 99,314.70 32,036.20 565,787.40 5,856,813.60 852,314.30 1,247,773.90 3,250,783.00 25,372,715.20
1 InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA) 2 TheNetherlandsNationalInstituteforPublicHealthandtheEnvironment/TheNetherlandsEnvironmentalAssessmentAgency(RIVM/MNP)andthe
StatisticsDivision.2006 NetherlandsOrganizationforAppliedScientificResearch(TNO).2005and2001.
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
C a ge
LandUse&
Contamina
ti
tion
FOSSILFUELSDEPLETION_GlobalEnergyConsumption
AnnualEnergyConsumption,percapita
Impacts Fossil
Human Resulting Units:KgofOil,equivalent
Health fromBuilt Fuels
Environment Depletion
China 1 316 00
1,316.00
Japan 4,135.30
Materials Water
Depletion Depletion
Germany 4,187.00
Water
Pollution US 7,885.9
GCCAverage
GCC Total
GCCTotal 10 601 7
10,601.7
Oman 5,440.00
UAE 10,354.0
TheGCCCountrieshavehighenergy
Qatar 19,466.00
consumptionrates
Kuwait 11 102 00
11,102.00
Qatarhasthehighestenergy SaudiArabia 6,068.00
consumptionratepercapitainthe
world Bahrain 11,180.0
AnnualEnergyConsumption,percapita1
Saudia GCC
Bahrain Kuwait Qatar UAE Oman USA Germany Japan China
Arabia Average
KgofOil,
11,180.0 6,068.00 11,102.00 19,466.00 10,354.0 5,440.00 10,601.7 7,885.9 4,187.00 4,135.30 1,316.00
equivalent
1 InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)StatisticsDivision.2006.EnergyBalancesofOECDCountries(2006edition)andEnergyBalancesofNon
OECDCountries(2006edition).Paris:IEA.
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
C a ge
LandUse&
Contamina
ti
tion
WATERDEPLETION
IntheGCC,overallpercapitafreshwateravailabilityhasfallenfromabout680
Impacts
Human Resulting FossilFuels cubicmeters in1970toabout180cubicmetersin2000.
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
g
TheGCCstotalannualwaterdemandhasgrownfromabout6billioncubicmeters
(BCM)in1980toabout28BCMin2000.
Materials Water
Depletion
Depletion IntheGCC,percapitaaveragedailyconsumptionofwaterinthedomesticsector
Water
Pollution rangesbetween300and750liters,thehighestintheworld.
WaterDemandinGCCCountries
1980 1990 Growthrate 2000 Growthrate
Country
(millionm3) (millionm3) 198090(%) (millionm3) 19902000(%)
Bahrain 138 223 162 269 121
Kuwait 186 383 206 993 259
Oman 665 1236 186 1303 105
Qatar 110 194 176 433 223
SaudiArabia 2362 16300 690 20800 128
UnitedArabEmirates 789 1490 189 3506 235
Total 4250 19826 27304
Climate
Change
C a ge
LandUse&
Contamina
ti
tion
WATERDEPLETION
ThecountriesintheGCChaveanextremelylimitedamountofrenewablewater
Impacts
Human Resulting FossilFuels resourcesperperson,withanaverageof112.5cubicmetersperpersonperyear.
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
TheUShas6815.8,Germanyhas1861.5,andJapanhas3350.9cubicmetersper
personperyear.
p p y
Materials Water
Depletion
Depletion
Water
Pollution
ActualRenewableWaterResources:Percapita
U
Units:Cubicmetersperpersonperyear
i C bi
World 8209.9
China 2125 0
2125.0
Only3countriesintheworldproducelesswaterthan
Qatarfromfreshwatersources.2 Japan 3350.9
Withinapproximatelytwotofiveyears,Qatarwill
havenofreshwaterremainingifaquiferwaterisused Germany 1861.5
atthecurrentrateinQatar.3
Q
US 6815.8
GCCAverage 119.5
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0 6000.0 7000.0 8000.0 9000.0
Climate
Change
LandUse&
Contamina
tion
WATERPOLLUTION
Impacts
Theoverexploitationofgroundwaterresourceshasseverelycompromisedthe
Human Resulting FossilFuels qualityofthewaterbytheintrusionofseawaterintoaquifers
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
ContaminationfromDesalinationProcesses
Desalinationplantscontributetoairandwaterpollution seawaterandmarinelife
isaffectedbyrejectedbrines,whichhaveelevatedtemperatures,increasedsalt
concentration,andresidualchemicalsfromthedesalinationprocesses
pointsourcepollution contaminantsthataredischargedfromasinglemechanism,
sewagepipeorstormdrain
1 CoastalmanagementinthePersianGulfregion.., 2 WaterResourceManagementChallengesinthe
byNadim,Bagtzoglou,andIranmahboob. GCCCountries,byAlZubari
UniversityofConnecticut,DepartmentofCiviland 3 PollutionImpactsofDesalination,by
EnvironmentalEngineering Abderrahman andHussain
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
C a ge
LandUse&
Contamina
ti
tion
MATERIALDEPLETION
Theextraction,manufacturing,transportation,use,anddisposalofmaterials
Impacts comprisethecumulativeenvironmentalimpactfrommaterialsconsumption.
Human Resulting FossilFuels
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
MostGCCcountriesrankinthetoptenworldwideintermsofwasteproductionper
capita.
Materials Water EstimatedWasteinGCCCountries
Depletion
Depletion
Water
55%isestimatedtobeconstructionanddemolitionwaste recycling
Pollution
EstimatedWasteinGCCCountries
municipal
waste
20%
contstructi industrial
onwaste waste
55% 18%
hazardous
waste 1.MiddleEastWasteSummit,www.wastesummit.com
7%
Air
Pollution
Climate
Change
LandUse&
Contamina
ti
tion
CLIMATECHANGE
ClimatechangereferstoanylongtermchangesintheEarthsweatherand
Impacts
Human Resulting FossilFuels atmosphericconditions.Thesechangescanhavedetrimentaleffectsonnatural
Health fromBuilt Depletion
Environment
landscapes,wildlife,andhumans.
Water
Pollution
CarbonEmissions:Annualpercapita
Units: Metric tons of CO2 per person
Units:MetrictonsofCO2perperson
China 3.2
Thepercapitaemissionsofcarbonisvery
similartothepercapitaconsumptionof Japan 9.8
0 10 20 30 40 50
1 2006USGreenhouseGasInventoryExecutiveSummary.www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/
2 Dr.PieterTans,NOAA/ESRL(www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends)
3 IPCC,2007:ClimateChange2007:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheFourthAssessmentReportofthe
IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[Solomon,S.,D.Qin,M.Manning(eds.)].
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
AirPollution
LandUse&
Contamination
FossilFuel
Depletion
WaterDepletion
Water Pollution
WaterPollution
Materials
Depletion
HumanHealth&
Comfort
ClimateChange
ScopeofSystem
SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL
ELEMENTS IMPACTS
Urban AirPollution
Connectivity
LandUse&
Site
Contamination
FossilFuel
Energy Depletion
STAGESOFRATINGSYSTEM
Water WaterDepletion
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
Indoor Materials
Environment Depletion
Cultural& HumanHealth&
EconomicValue Comfort
Management
ClimateChange
&Operations
SystemFramework
.:DevelopmentofQatarSustainabilityAssessmentSystem
e e op e t o Qata Susta ab ty ssess e t Syste
(QSAS)
.: Objective
Tocreateasustainablebuiltenvironmentthatminimizesecologicalimpact
throughthedevelopmentofasustainabilityratingsystemsupportedbya
setofperformancebasedstandardsthataddressesthespecificregional
needsandenvironmentofQatar.
Development Process (2007-2010)
(2007 2010)
Groundwork
UK:
BREEAM Rating System
140+
BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS US:
TOOLS LEED
Expert Review Qatar
GUIDELINES
EXT
Japan:
CASBEE Rating Elements
ar CONTE
6 Regions
ESTABLISHED RATING International: Weighting +
SYSTEMS SBTool Scoring
[1] US
[2] UK
[3] Netherlands
[4] Canada
Qata
[5] Japan
EU: [6] China Qatar
CEN-ISO [7] Hong Kong
EXISTING ENERGY [8] Australia Energy
STANDARDS
US: Standard
ASHRAE
AssessmentSystemWeighting:Commercial
EXISTINGWEIGHTING+SCORINGSYSTEM
CriteriaWeighting
ImpactWeighting Result NormalizeResults
Intensity Extent Duration Multiplication CriterionWeighting_
ofFactors PercentageScore
X_i X Y_i X Z_i =
X_i*Y_i*Z_i
1:010 1:<10m/space 1:Transient/0 X_i*Y_i*Z_i
2:1120 2:10100morbuildingg 2 i
3:2130 3:Site 3:SeveralYears X_n*Y_n*Z_n
4:3140 4:Neighborhood 4 n=1
5:4150 5:Urban/City 5:Decades
6:5160 6:Regional 6
7:>60 7:Global 7:Indefinitely
Intensity_calculation
EnvironmentalImpactfor
EachCriterion ImpactLevel
ClimateChange[10%]
g [ ] x = a
FossilFuelDepletion[6%] x = a
WaterDepletion[19%] x = a
MaterialsDepletion[6%] x 0 Noimpact = a
.5 Secondaryimpact
LandUse&Contamination[7%] x 1 Primaryimpact
y p = a
WaterPollution[14%] x = a
AirPollution[16%] x = a
HumanComfort&Health[22%] x = a
TotalImpact
a+a+a+a+a+a+a+a= TotalImpactforEachCriterion(X_i)
Building Assessment : Points Achieved vs. Points
Attainable
0.24
Urban Connectivity
UrbanConnectivity 0.11
Illustratespointsachievedand 0.27
themaximumattainablepoints Site 0.00
foreachcategory
0.72
Energy 0.00
Allowsusertoseewhichcategory
canbeimprovedupontoobtain 0.48
desiredamountofpointsand Water 0.00
ratinglevel
g
0.24
Materials 0.00
Barchartisinteractive it
automaticallyreadjustswhen 0.42
inputvaluesarechanged
IndoorEnvironment 0.00
0.39
Cultural&EconomicValue 0.00
0.24
Management&Operations 0.00
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
PointsAttainable Achieved
Scoring Levels (6 Stars)
0.110
theQSASrating
g 0.0X0.5
levelachievedby 0.5<X1.0
1.0<X1.5
theproject Certificationachieved
1.5<X2.0
2.0<X2.5
2.5<X3.0
A li ti
Applications Of QSAS Rating
R ti System
S t
Neighborhood(Forneighborhoodsandcities)
CommercialBuildings
Commercial Buildings
ResidentialBuildings
Schools
Core&Shell
Mosques
Mosques
Hotels
LightIndustries
Light Industries
Sports 2011FIFAWorldCup
QSAS Resources
QSAS Manuals Suite
It consists
i t off 30+ volumes
l d
documenting
ti allll
aspects related to QSAS categories, MANUALS
development and scientific foundation for SUITE
the system
y
TheAssessmentmanualsoutlinethespecificissues
The Assessment manuals outline the specific issues
relatedtocriteriaintheratingsystems.Everymanual
includesthedescriptionandprinciplesassociatedwith
eachcriterionaswellasthespecificmeasurementsand
submittalsthatarerequired.Eachsectionalsooutlines
thescoringmethodologyspecifictothatcriterion.
TheCommercial AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and48criteria,
TheCore&ShellAssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and47criteria.
d 47 it i
TheSchools AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand
47criteria.
TheResidential AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and32criteria.
TheMosques
The Mosques AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand
Assessment System consists of eight categories and
36criteria.
TheHotels AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand45
criteria.
TheLightIndustryAssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and44criteria.
TheNeighborhoods AssessmentSystemconsistsofeight
categoriesand39criteria.
TheOperations AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and41criteria.
TheConstruction AssessmentSystemconsistsoffourcategories
and9criteria.
d 9 it i
QSASGuidelines
TheGuidelinesconsistofrecommendationstobeusedas
The Guidelines consist of recommendations to be used as
guidanceforrealizingsustainablebuildingsinQatar.For
eachofthecriteria,thereportidentifiestherelated
environmentalissuesandtheassociateddesign
objectives.Therearerecommendationsthatoutline
generaldesignprinciplesandsolutionsthatcanbeused
tomeettheratingsystemcriteria.
TheCommercial AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and48criteria.
TheCore&ShellAssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and47criteria.
TheSchools AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand
47criteria.
TheResidential AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and 32 criteria
and32criteria.
TheMosques AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand
36criteria.
TheHotels AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategoriesand45
criteria.
g y y g g
TheLightIndustryAssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and44criteria.
TheNeighborhoods AssessmentSystemconsistsofeight
categoriesand39criteria.
TheOperations AssessmentSystemconsistsofeightcategories
and41criteria.
TheConstruction AssessmentSystemconsistsoffourcategories
and9criteria.
QATARSUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTSYSTEM(QSAS)
QSASToolkit DESIGNSTAGE
Point
No Category
0.110
UC UrbanConnectivity 0.110
S Site 0.000
E Energy 0.000
W Water 0.000
SummaryTab M Materials 0.000
IE IndoorEnvironment 0.000
CE Cultural&EconomicValue 0.000
Displays
Displayspointsearnedforeachcategory,
points earned for each category, MO Management&Operations 0.000
LevelAchieved Level1
combinedtotalpoints,andratinglevel
achievedbytheproject. PointsAchievedvs.PointsAttainable
0.24
UrbanConnectivity 0.11
Barchartillustratespointsachievedandthe
Bar chart illustrates points achieved and the Site
Site 0.00
0.27
maximumattainablepointsforeach Energy
0.72
0.00
category 0.48
Water 0.00
0.24
Materials
LinechartdisplaysQSASratinglevel 0.00
0.42
IndoorEnvironment
achievedbytheproject 0.00
0.39
Cultural&EconomicValue 0.00
0.24
Management&Operations 0.00
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
PointsAttainable Achieved
Score Level
CertificationLevel Range
QSASCertification
Poor X<0
X<0 Certificationdenied
Level1 0X1
0.0X0.5 Level2 1<X2
0.5<X1.0 Level3 2<X3
1.0<X1.5
Levelachieved Certificationachieved
f h d
1.5<X2.0
0.110
2.0<X2.5 Level1
2.5<X3.0
Copyright@BARWAKnowledgeandT.C.ChanCenter January2010
QATARSUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTSYSTEM(QSAS)
QSASToolkit COMMERCIAL DESIGNSTAGE
UC.1 LoadonLocalTrafficConditions
ProvidestheDescription, DESCRIPTION Minimizeimpactonlocaltrafficconditions.
MeasurementPrinciple,
Measurement,Submittaland MEASUREMENT Projectwilldeterminecumulativeloadontheexistinglocaltrafficconditionsanddevelopstrategies
PRINCIPLE tomitigateimpact.
Scoreforeachcriterion
MEASUREMENT P j t ill h
Projectwillhavecreatedatrafficstudyreportthatincludesthefollowingelements:
t d t ffi t d t th t i l d th f ll i l t
Analysisofexistingtrafficconditions
Inputboxforeachcriterion Calculationsforthedelaytimeduringpeakhoursatexistingintersections,preandpost
development,toestimateaddedtrafficloadduetoprojectdevelopment
Strategiestomitigateimpactofincreaseddelaysduetoadditionaltrafficload
Revisedcalculationsforthedelaytime,postdevelopment,duetoimplementationofthe
recommendedstrategies
SUBMITTAL Submitatrafficstudyreporttodemonstratehowtheprojectwillmitigateimpacton
traffic/transportationloadsincludinganysupportingdocumentationpertainingtopreandpost
developmentcalculationsandestimates.
SCORE MaximumDelayTimeIncrease(minutes)
Score Requirement YourScore
0 X 6 OR Pl d
X>6ORPlandoesnotdemonstratecompliance
td t t li
1 4<X6
2 2<X4
0
3 X2
QSAS Online Project Management Suite
QSAS
GroundupApproach
DevelopingfromscratchallowsfortheseamlessintegrationbetweenQatarspecific
requirements and sustainable goals
requirementsandsustainablegoals.
BestMix
Combinesthebestmethodsfromsixestablishedsystemsresultinginacustomizedtoolspecific
totherequirementsandneedsofQatar.
Performancebased
Categories,criteria,andmeasurementsaredefinedtobeperformancebasedandquantifiable,
wherepossible.Prescriptivemeasurementsareprovidedasrecommendationsindesign
guidelines.
Flexible
Aggregationmethodisdefinedfromthegroundupandisappliedtothesystemfromthe
criteria,subcategory,andcategorylevelwhichallowsfortheflexibilityofmodifyingan
individual component without interfering with the entire system.
individualcomponentwithoutinterferingwiththeentiresystem.
Control
Completecontroloverthedevelopment,customization,deployment,andfuturemodifications
orexpansionoftheratingsystem.
d
Landscape ffor QSAS
Deployment Construc
tion Code
QCS2011
Gov
Gov/Semi Projects
Agencies
Ashghal
Deployment
Deployment
Lusail City Dimensions Qatar
Master
(Mega
Plan2030
Projects)
QOC KAHRAMA
Facilities R l ti
Regulations
Landscape for QSAS
Deployment
Morethan300Certified
Professional
MorethanOnehundredfirms
Project are being sought for QSAS
certifications through GORD: