Laura Ramirez

05/03/2017
RTE 142
Professor Yost

Notebook# 1
 Base SI Units
Quantity Symbol British Units Formula Example Definition
Mass The amount of
kg Kilogram 23.4g= 0.0234kg
quantity of matter
1 meter=3.28084 ft. The distance between
Length m Meter
1mile=1609.34 meters two points
60secs=1 min Vibrations of cesium-
Time s second
60 min=1 hr. 133 atoms
Electric A ampere 60 watts/5 A=12 Volts Charged with
Degree or intensity of
F=(K-2.73.15)*9/5+32
Temperature K kelvin heat present in a
C=K-273.15
substance or object.
A standard defined
Amount of quality that measures
mol mole 1 mol=1,000 mmol
substance the size of an ensemble
of elementary entities.
It is given in direction.
It is a source that emits
Luminous
cd candela 540x1012 monochromatic
Intensity
radiation at a high
frequency.
 Derived SI Units
British
Quantity Unit name Symbol Definition
Unit
Reflects amount of energy that radioactive
Absorbed dose Gray Gy Rad
sources deposit in materials passed.
Physical property that causes it to
Charge Coulomb C Esu experience a force when placed in an
electromagnetic field.
A measure of the work required by an
Electric potential Volt V
electric field to move electric charges.
An estimate of biological effect of a dose of
Dose equivalent Sievert Sv Rem
ionizing radiation.
Power derived from utilization of physical
Energy Joule J ft/lb or chemical resources, especially to
provide light and heat or to work machines.
Coulomb/ The state of being exposed to contact with
Exposure C/kg
kilogram something.
The rate at which a vibration occurs that
constitutes a wave, either in a material or
Frequency Hertz Hz
in an electromagnetic field usually
measured per second.
Strength or energy as an attribute of
Force Newton N
physical action or movement.
Through a surface integral of the normal
component of the magnetic field passing
Magnetic Flux Weber Wb through that surface. The SI unit of
magnetic flux is the weber and the CGS unit
is the Maxwell.
The amount of magnetic flux in an area
Magnetic Flux
Tesla T gauss taken perpendicular to the magnetic fluxs
Density
direction.
The rate of doing work. It is the amount of
Power Watt W
energy consumed per unit time.
The number of nuclear disintegrations per
Radioactivity Bequerel Bq curie
unit time.
 Radiologic Units
Quantity Abb Definition
R A unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing
one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic
Roentgen
charge in one cubic centimeter of air under standard
conditions.
Rad Absorbed is a physical dose quality representing the
Radiation absorbed mean energy imparted to matter per unit mass by
ionizing radiation.
Rem One of the two standard units used to measure the
dose equivalent, which combines the amount of
Radiation equivalent in man
energy, along with the medical effects of the given
type of radiation.
Kinetic energy released per mass. The sum of the
initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles
Kerma
liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation in a sample
of matter, divided by the mass of the sample.
Air kerma Kerma is given mass of air. Measured by the unit Gy.
The total energy absorbed by the body, the product of
Integral Dose
the mass of tissue irradiated and the absorbed dose.
The level of radiation exposure, that is sufficient to
Effective Dose
achieve the desired clinical improvement.
The activity of a source is defined as the rate at which
Activity a source of unstable nuclei decays measured in decays
per second.
 Radiologic Physics Formulas
To maintain exposure when To maintain exposure when
increasing kVp: increase kVp decreasing kVp: decrease
15% Rule 15% and reduce mAs to half kVp 15% and double mAs

mAs Formula mA x seconds = mAs

Exposure Exposure
conversions mAs1 = D12
Maintenance mAs2 D22
Formula
mAs1 = GCF1
Grid Conversion mAs2 GCF2
Factor
Grids that absorb a
greater percentage of
scatter than a primary = % primary radiation transmitted
Selectivity radiation are / % scatter radiation transmitted
described as having a
greater degree of
Grids selectivity ()
The measure of how
Contrast well a grid functions K = Radiographic contrast with
in its ability to grid/
Improvement Radiographic contrast without
Ability (K-factor) improve contrast
grid
Input screen diameter/
Magnification diameter of input screen used during magnification
Fluoroscopy Minification Input screen diameter2
Gain Output screen diameter2
Brightness Gain Minification gain x Flux gain