2.

Forces of production within capitalism would produce their antithesis and inevitable
demise. Discuss.

Before we start discussing about the reason why the capatalism has collapsed by itself, we
will start by explaining what are thesis, antithesis and the synthesis means. The static relation
of production is thesis and the dynamic and changing forces of production are the antithesis.
In the beginning of any historical period, there is harmony between forces and relations of
production but over time the changing forces of production bring contradictions in the system.
The existing relation of production (institution or system (capitalism)) no longer appropriate
to the forces of production (technology).

Under capitalism, said Marx, workers knew only poverty. They worked long hours for low
wages, suffered from periodic unemployment, and lived in squalid, overcrowded dwellings.
Most monstrous of all, they were forced to send their young children into the factories.
Capitalism also produced another kind of poverty, according to Marx.

Capitalism also produced another kind of poverty, according to Marx poverty of the human
spirit. Under capitalism the factory worker was reduced to a laboring beast, performing
tedious and repetitive tasks in a dark, dreary, dirty cave, an altogether inhuman environment,
which deprived people of their human sensibilities. Unlike the artisans in their own shops,
factory workers found no pleasure and took no pride in their work; they did not have the
satisfaction of creating a finished product that expressed their skills. Work, said Marx, should
be a source of fulfillment for people. It should enable people to affirm their personalities and
develop their potential. By treating people not as human beings but as cogs in the production
process, capitalism alienated people from their work, from themselves, and from one another.

Not only Marx, Engel also has tried to explain the process of self destrcutive of capatalism.

Whilst the capitalist mode of production more and more completely transforms the great
majority of the population into proletarians, it creates the power which, under penalty of its
own destruction, is forced to accomplish this revolution. [Eventually] The proletariat seizes
political power and turns the means of production into state property.

In this way, the proletariat acts as a catalyst for the downfall of capitalism and the rise of the
new socialist system. The extremely sharp class conflict between the exploiters and the
exploited constitutes the basic trait of the capitalist system. The development of capitalism
inevitably leads to its downfall. However, the system of exploitations does not disappear of
itself. It is destroyed only as the result of the revolutionary struggle and the victory of the
proletariat.

The concept of the dialectic illustrates that the downfall of capitalism and the subsequent rise
of socialism and eventually communism are inevitable. The bourgeoisie (thesis) and the
proletariat (antithesis) clash to create socialism (synthesis) that guarantees the advent of
communism. The dialectic, if carried forward, also guarantees that communism cannot be the
final synthesis.

Marx did not say a great deal about the new society that would be ushered in by the socialist
revolution. With the destruction of capitalism, the distinction between capitalist and worker
would cease and with it the class conflict. No longer would society be divided into haves and
have-nots, oppressor and oppressed. Since this classless society would contain no exploiters,
there would be no need for a state, which was merely an instrument for maintaining and
protecting the power of the exploiting class. Thus, the state would eventually wither away.
The production and distribution of goods would be carried out through community planning
and communal sharing, replacing the capitalist system of competition. People would work at
varied tasks, rather than being confined to one form of employment, just as Fourier had
advocated.

A revolutionary change in the conditions of life, Marx predicted, will produce a radical
transformation of the human being. No longer debased by the self-destructive pursuit of profit
and property and no longer victims of capitalist exploitation, people would become finer
human beings altruistic, sensitive, cooperative, and creative. United with others in a classless
society free of exploitation and no longer divided by divergent interests, individuals would
become truly communal beings and truly free beings (surpassing the merely political freedom
achieved in the bourgeois state), that is, they would become truly human.