DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.................................................................................ii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR......................................................iii
INTISARI................................................................................................................iv
MOTTO....................................................................................................................v
PERSEMBAHAN...................................................................................................vi
KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang Pendirian Pabrik.............................................................1
1.2 Penentuan Kapasitas Perancangan Pabrik.................................................2
1.3 Lokasi Pabrik............................................................................................4
1.3.1 Ketersediaan Bahan Baku...............................................................4
1.3.2 Pemasaran Produk..........................................................................4
1.3.3 Sarana Transportasi.........................................................................5
1.3.4 Utilitas............................................................................................5
1.3.5 Tenaga Kerja...................................................................................5
1.3.6 Karakteristik Lokasi.......................................................................5
1.3.7 Kebijakan Pemerintah....................................................................6
1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka.......................................................................................6
1.4.1 Macam-Macam Proses Pembuatan Isobutilena..............................6
1.4.2 Kegunaan Produk...........................................................................8
1.4.3 Sifat Bahan Baku Utama................................................................9
1.4.4 Sifat Produk..................................................................................10
1.4.5 Sifat Bahan Pendukung................................................................12
1.4.6 Tinjauan Proses Secara Umum.....................................................12
BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES...............................................................................14
2.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku, Bahan Pendukung dan Produk........................14

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 2.1.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku................................................................14
2.1.2 Spesifikasi Bahan Pendukung......................................................14
2.1.3 Spesifikasi Produk........................................................................14
2.2 Konsep Reaksi.........................................................................................15
2.2.1 Dasar Reaksi.................................................................................15
2.2.2 Mekanisme Reaksi........................................................................15
2.2.3 Kondisi Operasi............................................................................16
2.2.4 Tinjauan Termodinamika..............................................................16
2.2.5 Tinjauan Kinetika.........................................................................17
2.3 Tahapan Proses........................................................................................19
2.3.1 Tahap Persiapan Bahan Baku.......................................................19
2.3.2 Tahap Reaksi.................................................................................19
2.3.3 Tahap Pemisahan dan Pemurnian.................................................20
2.4 Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas............................................................21
2.4.1 Neraca Massa................................................................................21
2.4.1.1 Neraca Massa di Sekitar Alat..............................................21
2.4.1.2 Neraca Massa Total............................................................22
2.4.2. Neraca Panas................................................................................23
2.5 Tata Letak Pabrik dan Peralatan.............................................................29
2.5.1 Tata Letak Pabrik.........................................................................29
2.5.2 Tata Letak Peralatan.....................................................................31
BAB III SPESIFIKASI ALAT PROSES................................................................35
3.1 Reaktor....................................................................................................35
3.2 Menara Distilasi......................................................................................36
3.3 Tangki Penyimpanan...............................................................................38
3.4 Alat Penukar Panas.................................................................................40
3.5 Akumulator.............................................................................................48
3.6 Pompa......................................................................................................49
BAB IV UNIT PENDUKUNG PROSES DAN LABORATORIUM....................57
4.1 Unit Pendukung Proses...........................................................................57
4.1.1 Unit Pengadaan Air.......................................................................58
4.1.1.1 Air Pendingin...................................................................58

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 4.1.1.2 Air Umpan Boiler.............................................................59
4.1.1.3 Air Konsumsi Umum dan Sanitasi...................................60
4.1.2 Unit Pengadaan Uap (Steam)........................................................61
4.1.3 Unit Pengadaan Udara Tekan.......................................................62
4.1.4 Unit Pengadaan Listrik.................................................................62
4.1.5 Unit Pengadaan Bahan Bakar.......................................................65
4.1.6 Unit Pengolahan Limbah..............................................................69
4.1.6.1 Pengolahan Limbah Padat................................................69
4.1.6.2 Pengolahan Limbah Gas..................................................70
4.1.6.3 Pengolahan Limbah Cair..................................................70
4.2 Laboratorium...........................................................................................72
4.2.1 Program Kerja Laboratorium........................................................73
4.2.2 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja...............................................74
BAB V MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN..............................................................77
5.1 Bentuk Perusahaan..................................................................................77
5.2 Struktur Organisasi..................................................................................78
5.2.1 Pimpinan.......................................................................................79
5.2.2 Staf (Pembantu Pimpinan)............................................................80
5.3 Tugas dan Wewenang.............................................................................80
5.3.1 Pemegang Saham..........................................................................80
5.3.2 Dewan Komisaris.........................................................................80
5.3.3 Dewan Direksi..............................................................................81
5.3.4 Staf Ahli........................................................................................82
5.3.5 Kepala Bagian...............................................................................82
5.3.5.1 Kepala Bagian Teknik dan Produksi................................82
5.3.5.2 Kepala Bagian Umum......................................................84
5.3.5.3 Kepala Bagian Administrasi dan Keuangan.....................85
5.3.6 Kepala Seksi.................................................................................85
5.4 Pembagian Jam Kerja Karyawan............................................................86
5.4.1 Karyawan Non Shift......................................................................86
5.4.2 Karyawan Shift.............................................................................86
5.5 Status Karyawan dan Pengupahan..........................................................87

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 5.6 Penggolongan Karyawan........................................................................88
5.7 Kesejahteraan Sosial Karyawan.............................................................89
BAB VI ANALISA EKONOMI............................................................................90
6.1 Capital Investment..................................................................................93
6.2 Manufacturing Cost (MC)......................................................................93
6.3 General Expenses (GE)..........................................................................94
6.4 Analisis Kelayakan.................................................................................94
6.4.1 Percent Return on Investment (ROI)............................................94
6.4.2 Pay Out Time (POT).....................................................................95
6.4.3 Break Even Point (BEP)...............................................................95
6.4.4 Shut Down Point (SDP)................................................................95
6.5.5 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)......................................................96
BAB VII KESIMPULAN....................................................................................102
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................xvi
LAMPIRAN

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