ABSTRACT
Visco-elasto-plastic creep solutions to deep circular tunnels are deduced by a Visco-elasto-
plastic model of a modified Burgers body. Then the example is analyzed for the analytical
solution; conclusions are obtained: displacement of the surrounding rock increase as time
increases, when others parameters are constant, displacement of the surrounding rock
gradually increase as seepage force and crustal stress increase; displacement of the surrounding
rock gradually decrease as elasticity modulus increase; so seepage force, crustal stress and
elasticity modulus have great influence on creep of the surrounding rock; but displacement of
the surrounding rock gradually decrease as support force increase, because support force is
small, its influence is small on creep displacement of the surrounding rock.
INTRODUCTION
Circular tunnel is always a research focus in tunnel engineering; elasto-plastic analytical
solutions are studied by many people, surrounding rock deformations turn out to be creep with
relation to time after circular tunnels are supported, deformations of surrounding rock increase as
time increases, after a certain time, great deformations are taken place, even tunnels support
constructions are destroyed, so creep property on surrounding rock of tunnels is studied in depth
by many researchers; A.Fahimifar, et al.[1] assume that rocks are incompressible Burgers visco-
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plastic materials, they deduce analytical solutions of circular tunnel displacement under
hydrostatic pressure, and predict displacement of tunnel walls with relations to time. A.H.Lu,etc[2]
assume that soft rock in circular tunnel is incompressible materials, and discuss the relations
between roadway displacement, support resistance, coefficient of viscosity and time by making
use of visco-elasto-platic theory and contact conditions between surrounding rock and support
force, D.M.Yu[3], et al, study Visco-elasto-plastic solutions of deep circular tunnels considering
middle principle stress and dilatancy force ,but these theories do not consider influence of
underground water, so influences of underground water are considered in the text, it promotes
circular tunnel theory to develop further,
THEORETICAL MODEL
A circular tunnel is excavated in deep rocks, as depicted in Fig. 1, tunnel radius is a, plastic
zones radius is , elastic zones radius b a , The original rock pressure is b , water osmotic
pressure in Seepage field is h f , support force in excavation face is p, assumptions are expressed
as follows: (1) time of tunnel excavation and support is far smaller than one of tunnel operating, so
it is assumed that excavation and support accomplish instantaneously[4]; (2) elasto-plastic zones are
formed instantaneously after deep circular tunnels are excavated, if compressible holders are
adopted, it will keep constant[5] when support resistance reach the maximum value; so it is
assumed that support is done and support force is reached the maximum value at once when
excavation is accomplished (3)it is assumed that stress field keep constant after tunnels are
excavated and supported, creep displacement will be taken place in the surrounding rock of tunnel
in the stress field, deformations of elastic and plastic zones increase as time
increases;(4)compression stress is positive, and tension stress is negative.
S 2t
G
I1 S S
i t i i t i 1 e 2 (1)
9 K 2G1 21 2G2
S 2t
G
Si
e t t i 1 e 2 (2)
21 2G2
d r r
Tr 0 (3)
dr r
hf
In Eq.(3), Tr , hf is underground water osmotic pressure.
rln
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r
r
r r b hf (4)
r a
Elastic zones stress for the moment after excavation is shown as follows:
hf r
re b h f (1 v) Ln
2ln a
(5)
2 2a2 h
2 2
1 b h f r f (1 v) Ln
a r
2 2
2ln a
hf r
e b hf (1 v) Ln (v 1)
2ln a
(6)
2 2a2 h
2 2
1 b h f r f (1 v) Ln
a r
2 2
2ln a
In Eqs (5), (6), is Poissons ratio, and v
1
Plastic zones of surrounding rocks are satisfied with Mohr-Coulomb criterion, it is expressed
as follows:
1 sin 2c cos
p rp (7)
1 sin 1 sin
In Eq (7), c and are cohesive coefficient and internal friction angle respectively. By Eqs(3)
2sin
r 1sin
rp A A p (8)
a
2sin
1 sin r 1sin 1 sin h f
p A p
1 sin a 2sin Ln (9)
c cot
1 sin h f
A c cot (10)
2sin Ln
Vol. 18 [2013], Bund. K 2235
hf 2 2
(v 1) (9)
2ln 2 2a2
2sin
b h f A A p
1sin hf
(1 v) Ln
a 2ln a (10)
2sin
2sin 1sin
A p
h
f (11)
sin 1 a Ln
2sin
1sin
r
A A p (12)
a
e e (13)
Eq.(14) is obtained as follows by generalized Hooke's law , Eqs (11),(5),(2) and geometric
equation,
u
b hf 2
2G1r
hf 2 1
(14)
1 t
G2
t 1 e 2
b
r 21 2G2
u
b hf 1
b h f t
1 2 t
G
1 e 2
2G2 (15)
2G1 21
force
e e (16)
Eq .(17) is obtained by the non-associated flow rule
rp k p (17)
In Eq.(17), k tan 2 45
2
Eq.(18) can be obtained by Eqs(16),(17) and geometry equation
k k e e re r e
du u
(18)
dr r
2sin
k 1 b hf b hf sin 1sin hf
u A p B
k 1 2G1 4 4 sin 1 a 8Ln
(19)
k 1 b hf 1
k 1
1 2 1 r
1 r Br b
r 2 G1 r E1
In Eq.(19),
1 2t
G
1 2
B t 1 e
21 2G2
(20)
hf 0 u1 cCot p B
k 1 2G1 4 4 sin 1 a
(21)
b 1
k 1 '
k 1
1 2 1 r
1 r B r b
r 2 G1 r E1
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2sin
2 2
b cCot cCot p 1sin
2
a 2 2
a
(23)
2sin
2sin
cCot p 1
1sin
sin 1 a
hf 5 1 2
4.5
3.5
displacement u/cm
2.5
1.5
1 hf=0MPa
hf=10MPa
0.5 hf=20MPa
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time t/d
4.5
3.5
displacement u/cm
3
2.5
1.5
1
b=20MPa
b=25MPa
0.5
b=30MPa
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time t/d
5
displacement u/cm
3 E1=20MPa
E1=22MPa
E1=24MPa
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time t/d
displacement u/cm
p=0.1MPa
4 p=0.5MPa
p=0.8MPa
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time t/d
CONCLUSIONS
(1)elasto-plasticity state is shown at the instant when deep circular tunnel is excavated and
supported, creep character is shown as time increases after support is accomplished; Visco-elasto-
plastic Model about burgers body and Mohr-coulomb criterion is used to simulate to surrounding
rocks character, so this model has rather instructional significance for engineering activity,
(3) Visco-elasto-plastic creep model with the I stage and II stage is adopted in the text, so it
belongs to stable creep model; in reality when water pressure exceed a critical value, accelerated
creep displacement [16]is taken place , so its solution has some differences with the reality; but it
can provide some predictions for creep displacement considering seepage force, this makes it has
some reference values for actual engineering,
Vol. 18 [2013], Bund. K 2240
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study is supported by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Project No. 51064010) and Program for ChangJiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in
University (Project No. IRT1045), we gratefully acknowledge these supports,
REFERENCES
1. FAHIMIFAR ATEHRANI F MHEDAYAt A, Analytical solution for the
excavation of circular tunnels in a visco-elastic Burgers material under hydrostatic
stress field[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology201025(4)297
304,
11. Chuan-xin RONG, Hua CHENGStability analysis of rocks around tunnel with
ground water permeation[J]Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and
Engineering,200423(5)741744(in Chinese).
14. LEE I MNAM SEOK WOOEffect of tunnel advance rate on seepage forces
acting on the underwater tunnel face[J]Tunneling and Underground Space
Technology2004l9(3)273281.
16. Xiu-yi Wu Chang-wu LIU Rong-xi SHEN, Xu YANG. Creep Model of Rock
Subjected to Water Pressure and External Force[J].Journal of southwest JiaoTong
University, 2007, 42(6) :720- 725 (in Chinese).
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