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The document describes different immune cells, their origin, and role. B cells engulf antigens and activate to produce memory and plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies specific to antigens. T helper cells activate other immune cells by producing cytokines. Memory T helper cells provide a rapid response upon second antigen encounter. Macrophages engulf bacteria and cellular debris and can activate T helper cells by antigen presentation. Neutrophils and natural killer cells provide non-specific responses by destroying infected cells.
The document describes different immune cells, their origin, and role. B cells engulf antigens and activate to produce memory and plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies specific to antigens. T helper cells activate other immune cells by producing cytokines. Memory T helper cells provide a rapid response upon second antigen encounter. Macrophages engulf bacteria and cellular debris and can activate T helper cells by antigen presentation. Neutrophils and natural killer cells provide non-specific responses by destroying infected cells.
The document describes different immune cells, their origin, and role. B cells engulf antigens and activate to produce memory and plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies specific to antigens. T helper cells activate other immune cells by producing cytokines. Memory T helper cells provide a rapid response upon second antigen encounter. Macrophages engulf bacteria and cellular debris and can activate T helper cells by antigen presentation. Neutrophils and natural killer cells provide non-specific responses by destroying infected cells.
Role in immune response: Engulfs antigens to become an antigen-representing cell. Once activated by cytokines released by the T helper cell, it divides to produce clones that differentiate into B memory and plasma cells.
Name: B memory cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: B cell Role in immune response: Rapidly divides upon a second encounter of the same antigens.
Name: B effector cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: B cell Role in immune response: Differentiates into plasma cell, which produce only one type of antibody.
Name: Plasma cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: Activated B effector cell Role in immune response: Produces antibodies specific to a particular antigen.
Name: T helper cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: produced in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus Role in immune response: binds to APC with complementary receptors, activating them to divide and once activated, they produce cytokines which stimulate other cells involved in the specific immune response.
Name: Memory T helper cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: activated T helper cell Role in immune response: activated upon second encounter to same antigen, allowing rapid response.
Name: Active T killer cell Type of response: Specific
Comes from: produced in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus Role in immune response: bind to infected cells (APCs) and releases a chemical (perforin) that cause pores to form in the cell membrane, resulting in lysis and the infected cell dies.
Name: Macrophage Type of response: Both
Comes from: monocytes which come from bone marrow and circulate in the blood, once they leave the blood, they mature Role in immune response: engulf and digest bacteria and cells presenting non- self antigens and debris from damaged cells. They can also act as APCs and (thus) activate T helper cells.
Name: Neutrophil Type of response: Non-specific
Comes from: bone marrow Role in immune response: able to leave capillaries by squeezing between the cells of the capillary walls and they remove bacteria from the body be engulfing and destroying them.
Name: Natural killer cell Type of response: Non-specific
Comes from: bone marrow Role in immune response: type of non-specific lymphocyte act against viruses and other intracellular microbes by inducing apoptosis of infected cells. Activated by cytokines and interferon.
Name: Antigen-presenting cell Type of response: Both
Comes from: infected cells or macrophages Role in immune response: displays foreign antigens acting as a signal, triggering a response.