Summary on Designing, Defining and Evaluating Digital

Communication system
Manasvi Bhatt
(SC14B102)

Assignment No. 2 Date: 24-02-2017

1 Theory
Let each symbol in M-ary signal be of length m. Hence the relation between M and m is

M = 2m (1)

m = log2 M (2)
Data rate R is defined as

R = m/T s (3)
where Ts is the symbol duration and unit of Ris bits/sec

Data bit time duration is the reciprocal of data rate and symbol time duration is the reciprocal of
symbol rate.

Tb = 1/R = Ts /m = 1/mRs (4)

Ts = 1/Rs (5)
on solving 4 and 5

Rs = R/log2 M (6)
and hence
R/W = log2 /W Ts = 1/W Tb (7)

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2 Band Limited Systems
From the equation we come to know that the smaller the product W Tb , more bandwidth efficient will be
the system.
Assuming that we have a ideal rectangular filtering at baseband. Thus, for MPSK, the required DSB
bandwidth at an intermediate frequency is related to symbol rate.

W = 1/Ts = Rs (8)

Substituting 8 in the equation 7 gives

R/W = log2 M (9)

3 Power Limited Systems

For MFSK the intermediate frequency Nyqist bandwidth is as follows

W = M/Ts = M Rs (10)
Substituting equation 10 in equation 7 we get

R/W = log2 M/M (11)

Figure 1: Bandwidth efficiency plane

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4 Problems

Figure 2: Calculation of Symbol rate , Nyquist minimum bandwidth,bandwidth efficiency and required
Eb/No for MPSK and MFSK

1- Suppose we are given a bandlimited AWGN channel with a available bandwidth of 4000Hz. S/No is
equal to 53 dB-Hz. Required data rate is equal to 9600 bps and the probability of error is 105 .
Find the Modulation scheme that meets the above requirement.

S/N o = Eb R/N o
in dB

Eb (dB)/N o = S/N o(dB Hz) R(dB bits/sec)

Eb (dB)/N o = 53 10log10 9600 = 13.2dB
Hence from the table The above requirements meet for M=8 in MPSK

2- Suppose we are given a powerlimited AWGN channel with a available bandwidth of 45KHz. S/No
is equal to 48 dB-Hz. Required data rate is equal to 9600 bps and the probability of error is 105 .
Find the Modulation scheme that meets the above requirement.

S/N o = Eb R/N o
in dB

Eb (dB)/N o = S/N o(dB Hz) R(dB bits/sec)

Eb (dB)/N o = 48 10log10 9600 = 8.2dB
Hence from the table The above requirements meet for M=16 in MFSK

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5 Observation and Inference
1-For probability of error 105 calculation for symbol rate, Nyquist minimum bandwidth and bandwidth
efficiency is done with the data rate of 9600 bps in figure 2 and the bandwidth efficiency plot is made in
figure 1.

2-We usually deal with two kind of systems i.e Band limited and power limited. The behaviour of the
systems is as follows
Band Limited-
As the value of M increases the bandwidth efficiency increases at the cost of Eb/no. MPSK is used in band
limited systems.
Power Limited-
As value of M increses the Eb/No decreases at the cost of bandwidth efficiency. MFSK is used for Power
Limited systems.