GROUP 8 - ED.

105 Teaching Methodology & Instructional Technology

INNOVATIVE TEACHING
APPROACH
Masterand: Katherine Page (Afternoon Class)

CLASSROOM FLIPPING
Flipping is easy and with a little thought and planning, teachers can use the flipped
model to create engaging learning experiences for their students. This section covers
the nuts and bolts of flipping from creating videos, to introducing the flipped concept,
to practical ideas for using class time differently.

1. Create a video

It all starts with a teacher doing what they do best explaining a concept. Except this
time they're doing it on video, either by simply explaining a concept on camera, or using
screen capture tools or presentation software with a voiceover. Video content retains
the connection, the humor, and the pace of great teaching and theres plenty of scope
for teachers to be creative! The guides below explain how teaches can create video
learning content that engages their students, setting the scene for powerful classroom
learning experiences.
2. Share it with students

Students then watch the content at home, before class. This gives them freedom
over how, when and where they learn and it lets them engage with the video
content in the way that suits them best. They can watch alone, with friends, or with
parents and on any device they choose, from their iPhone to their home
computer. They can pause, rewind and re-watch and read around the topic.
Students then come to class prepared with knowledge, questions, observations
and ideas that will underpin the learning in the next stage.

3. Spend class time differently

Because the students have watched the video content at home, class time can now be
spent applying that knowledge in engaging, practical, collaborative ways. The teacher is
freed up to craft personalized learning experiences for students according to their
needs, and to circulate the class helping students individually or in small groups. Less
sit and listen equals more do and learn and the flipped model is making class time
more enjoyable, productive and engaging for students and teachers across the world.

VIDEO link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isAx0c8GDV0

Masterand: Mary June Romiscal (Afternoon Class)

PLACE MAT
Overview

This cooperative learning strategy allows students to think about, record, and share
their ideas in groups. Each group member writes ideas in a space around the centre of
a large piece of paper. Afterwards, the group compares what each member has written,
and common items are compiled in the centre of the paper.

Steps

1. Assign a topic.

2. Form groups of up to four members.

3. Give each group a piece of chart paper and each student a pen or pencil.

4. Divide the paper into parts based on the number of members in the group, and leave
a central square or circle.

5. Have students write their ideas about the assigned topic in the designated spaces.
After sharing their ideas, they write common ideas in the centre of the paper.
Hints and Management Ideas

Inform students that they should be prepared to share their responses.

Encourage independent thinking as well as group sharing.

Monitor the discussions for common confusions that can be addressed later with the
whole group.

Benefits of Place Mat

When students have appropriate think time, the quality of their responses improves.

Students are actively engaged in the thinking, and independent thinking is

encouraged.

More critical thinking is retained from a lesson in which students have had an
opportunity to discuss and reflect on the topic.

Many students find it safer or easier to enter into a discussion with a smaller group.

It is important for students to learn how to build on the ideas of others, combine
common thoughts, and write them down as a group.

For more detailed information, refer to Bennett, B. and C. Rolheiser. Beyond Monet: The Artful

Science of Instructional Integration. Toronto, Ontario: Bookation, 2001.

 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Masterand: Fredelene Fernandez (Afternoon Class)

POWTOON

HOW CAN TEACHERS USE IT?

PowToon has the potential to be an effective tool for both teachers and kids. Teachers
will need to familiarize themselves with the tool before introducing it to students,
however, and they'll need to spend some time walking students through the basics.

Then, just let kids get creative. Instead of having them write reports, assign
presentations on topics as varied as historical images, science experiments, or literary
analysis. Have them work in groups and present to the class, or work on their own and
present directly to you.

Teachers can liven up their lessons with attention-grabbing presentations on an

unlimited number of topics. PowToon blogs feature inspirational articles on the merits of
using animated presentations. Mostly marketing hype, they also provide some useful
hints, so you may find it helpful to browse through them.

WHAT'S IT LIKE?

PowToon gives users tools to create animated and slideshow presentations. Anyone
can sign up for free with an email address; teachers can buy a classroom account for up
to 60 students. Once signed in on the website or Chrome app, users can design
presentations using ready-made templates or start from scratch. Both options allow
unlimited customization by adding text, images, simple animations, enter and exit
effects, and more. Images are organized by styles; for example, the marker style offers
visuals that seem as though they're whimsically drawn with a marker. (Free, classroom,
and premium accounts unlock different numbers of styles.)

When finished, upload the presentation to YouTube and send it to the teacher account
for review, or keep it in your personal PowToon dashboard. Many other features, such
as professional voice-overs and the ability to download presentations onto DVD, are
available for a fee.

IS IT GOOD FOR LEARNING?

PowToon seeks to spice up the traditional slideshow presentation, and for the most part,
it succeeds. Tools are easy to use, and attractive stock images and animations make
professional-looking presentations. This could be a terrific resource for teachers to
present more interesting lessons and for kids to create unique reports on what they're
learning.

PowToon's use in the classroom, however, feels a bit like an afterthought. Support,
examples, and the general feel are geared more toward use in the business world. More
education-related examples and blogs for inspiration, along with the ability to
collaborate and work on group projects, would make this tool an even more valuable
classroom resource.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjaUaJMSl_Y

LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Masterand: Gladys Faith Borgonia (Afternoon Class)

HOW TO USE A MULTIMETER

 Introduction

Every fixer should know their way around a multimeter, which has just north of a zillion
uses for testing electronic components and circuits. Follow along to master the three
most basic functions of a multimeter.

Step 1 Testing Continuity

A continuity test tells us whether two things are electrically connected: if something
is continuous, an electric current can flow freely from one end to the other.

If there's no continuity, it means there is a break somewhere in the circuit. This

could indicate anything from a blown fuse or bad solder joint to an incorrectly wired
circuit.
Continuity is one of the most useful tests for electronics repair.

Step 2
To begin, make sure no current is running through the circuit or component you want to
test. Switch it off, unplug it from the wall, and remove any batteries.

Plug the black probe into the COM port on your multimeter.
Plug the red probe into the VmA port.

Step 3
 Switch on your multimeter, and set the dial to continuity mode (indicated by an icon that
looks like a sound wave).

Not all multimeters have a dedicated continuity mode. If yours doesnt, thats
okay! Skip to Step 6 for an alternate way to perform a continuity test.

Step 4

The multimeter tests continuity by sending a little current through one probe, and
checking whether the other probe receives it.
If the probes are connectedeither by a continuous circuit, or by touching each
other directlythe test current flows through. The screen displays a value of zero (or
near zero), and the multimeter beeps. Continuity!
If the test current isn't detected, it means there's no continuity. The screen will
display 1 or OL (open loop).

Step 5

To complete your continuity test, place one probe at each end of the circuit or
component you want to test.
o It doesn't matter which probe goes where; continuity is non-directional.
As before, if your circuit is continuous, the screen displays a value of zero (or
near zero), and the multimeter beeps.
If the screen displays 1 or OL (open loop), there's no continuitythat is, there's
no path for electric current to flow from one probe to the other.

Step 6
If your multimeter doesn't have a dedicated continuity test mode, you can still perform a
continuity test.

Turn the dial to the lowest setting in the resistance mode.

o Resistance is measured in ohms, indicated by the symbol .

Step 7
 In this mode, the multimeter sends a little current through one probe, and measures
what (if anything) is received by the other probe.
If the probes are connectedeither by a continuous circuit, or by touching each
other directlythe test current flows through. The screen displays a value of zero (or
near zeroin this case, 0.8). Very low resistance is another way of saying that we
have continuity.
If no current is detected, it means there's no continuity. The screen will display 1
or OL (open loop).

Step 8

To complete your continuity test, place one probe at each end of the circuit or
component you want to test.
o It doesn't matter which probe goes where; continuity is non-directional.
As before, if your circuit is continuous, the screen displays a value of zero (or
near zero).
If the screen displays 1 or OL (open loop), there's no continuitythat is, there's
no path for electric current to flow from one probe to the other.

Step 9 Testing Voltage

Plug the black probe into the COM port on your multimeter.

Plug the red probe into the VmA port.

Step 10

Switch on your multimeter, and set the dial to DC voltage mode (indicated by a V
with a straight line, or the symbol ).
o Virtually all consumer electronic devices run on DC voltage. AC voltage
the kind that runs through the lines to your houseis considerably more dangerous,
and beyond the scope of this guide.
Most multimeters are not autoranging, meaning you will need to set the correct
range for the voltage you expect to measure.
 o Each setting on the dial lists the maximum voltage it can measure. So for
example, if you expect to measure more than 2 volts but less than 20, use the 20 volt
setting.
o If you're not sure, start with the highest setting.

Step 11

Place the red probe on the positive terminal, and the black probe on the negative terminal.
If your range was set too high, you may not get a very accurate reading. Here the
multimeter reads 9 volts. That's fine, but we can turn the dial to a lower range to get a
better reading.
If you set the range too low, the multimeter simply reads 1 or OL, indicating that it
is overloaded or out of range. This won't hurt the multimeter, but we need to set the
dial to a higher range.

Step 12

With the range set correctly, we get a reading of 9.42 volts.

Reversing the probes won't do any harm; it just gives us a negative reading.

Step 13 Testing Resistance

To begin, make sure no current is running through the circuit or component you
want to test. Switch it off, unplug it from the wall, and remove any batteries.
o Remember that you'll be testing the resistance of the entire circuit. If you
want to test an individual component such as a resistor, test it by itselfnot with it
soldered in place!
Plug the black probe into the COM port on your multimeter.
Plug the red probe into the VmA port.

Step 14

Switch on your multimeter, and set the dial to resistance mode.

o Resistance is measured in ohms, indicated by the symbol.
 Most multimeters are not autoranging, meaning you will need to set the correct
range for the resistance you expect to measure. If you're not sure, start with the highest
setting.

Step 15

o Place one probe at each end of the circuit or component you want to test.
It doesn't matter which probe goes where; resistance is non-directional.
If your multimeter reads close to zero, the range is set too high for a good
measurement. Turn the dial to a lower setting.
If you set the range too low, the multimeter simply reads 1 or OL, indicating that it
is overloaded or out of range. This won't hurt the multimeter, but we need to set the dial
to a higher range.
o The other possibility is that the circuit or component you are testing
doesn't have continuitythat is, it has infinite resistance. A non continuous circuit will
always read 1 or OL on a resistance test.

Step 16

With the multimeter set to a usable range, we get a reading of 1.04k ohms.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF3OyQ3HwfU

SOLDERING
What is Soldering?

Soldering accomplishes a strong bond between two pieces of metal by joining them
together. In this procedure, a material called solder, an alloy mixture of tin and lead,
flows over two pre-heated pieces of metal and holds them together. The process is
similar to welding but differs because when you weld you are fusing and melting two
pieces together to make one. When you solder you are essentially gluing two parts
together with molten metal. Most metals with the exception of aluminum, white metal
and porous cast iron can be soldered. Below, you will find instructions and illustrations
that show you how to use a soldering iron.
Materials for Soldering
Master Appliance Soldering Iron
Modelers Vise or Frame
Solder
Damp Sponge
Flux to remove oxides

Getting Started:

Soldering is an art form and to master the technique youll need to practice. Newcomers
should consider practicing on scrap first before they are comfortable and know how to
use a soldering iron.

1. Prepare a work space. Lay down a mat or piece of cardboard that will catch any
solder that you drip.

2. Warm your soldering iron. If your soldering iron is electric, youll need to allow it
to warm up on its stand. If your soldering iron runs on butane, as Master Appliance
soldering irons do, fill it with gas holding the unit firmly with the refill nozzle pointed
upwards and press down. Gas will overflow from nozzle when tank is full.

3. Secure the items you are soldering. It helps to have an extra hand while you are
soldering. We suggest using a vise or frame to secure your work.

4. Clean your soldering iron. Because soldering irons get so hot, they oxidize and
become dirty quickly. They key to reliable connections is clean components so make
sure that your soldering tip and parts you are joining are clean. To accomplish this, pass
the tip of your soldering iron on a wet sponge until it shines.

5. Apply flux. In soldering it often becomes necessary to use materials called fluxes
to help remove oxides and keep them absent while you solder. Flux needs to melt at a
temperature lower than solder so that it can do its job prior to the soldering action.
There are different methods to apply flux. The method you choose will be dependent on
the items you are soldering.

6. Tin your soldering iron. If you want to know everything there is to know about
how to use a soldering iron, youll need to know how to tin. Tinning is the process of
coating a soldering tip with a thin coat of solder. Melt a thin layer of solder on your irons
tip. This aids in heat transfer between the tip and the component you are soldering, and
also gives the solder a base from which to flow from. This process may need to be
repeated as you solder. You will only touch the tip of the soldering iron to the solder
when you tin. Do not touch the tip of the iron to the solder while you are actually
soldering.

7. Start soldering. Hold the soldering iron like you would a pen in the hand you write
with and the solder in the other.
 8. Place the tip of the soldering iron tip. The tip needs to touch both the wire lead
and the surface so they achieve the same temperature.

9. Feed solder onto the joint after you have heated the area for two to three
seconds. Touch the solder to the side of the connection opposite the soldering iron.
Then, let the solder flow only until the connection is covered.

10. Remove the solder first. Then, remove the iron. Make sure the joint remains
stationary while it cools.

11. Evaluate. A smooth, shiny and volcano shaped joint is what you are looking for. If
this isnt what you see, youll need to reheat and feed in more solder.

12. Remove leftover flux with a commercial flux cleaner.

Using a heat sink

There are some components (i.e transistors) that can be damaged by the heat that
soldering produces. If you are new to soldering, its good idea to use a heat sink clipped
to the lead between the joint and the components body. A cheaper alternative is a
standard crocodile clip.

Warnings

DO NOT lay a soldering iron down on any surface. A soldering iron should either
be placed on a stand or sealed with a heat resistant cap after every use. Note: Master
Appliance's line of soldering irons is butane powered. All of our irons come with heat
protective caps.
Soldering should be completed in a well ventilated area.
Lead is present in most solders. Be sure to wash your hands after your project,
or better yet wear gloves.
The tip of a soldering iron is very hot. Contact with the tip of a soldering iron
would result in a nasty burn.
Your soldering iron will perform better if kept clean. A damp sponge can be used
to clean residue caused by flux material. A very small skim of flux should be applied to
the iron after the cleaning.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qps9woUGkvI

 HOW TO USE PH METER
Chemists, biologists, environmentalists, and lab technicians alike all use pH to measure
the acidic and basic potentials of a solution. A pH meter is very useful and the most
accurate tool available to test pH levels. There are many simple steps, from preparing
your materials to methodically calibrating and testing, to ensure you have the most
accurate reading of pH levels possible. You can also measure the pH of water using
specific methods.

Preparing for Calibration

1
Turn on your pH meter. Before you begin to calibrate and use your pH meter you will
first need to turn it on and allow adequate time for the meter to warm up. This should
generally take around 30 minutes, but check your pH meters operating manual for
exact times.

2
Clean your electrode. Take the electrode out of its storage solution and rinse it with
distilled water under an empty waste beaker. Once rinsed, blot dry with Kimwipes or
Shurwipes.

o Be sure to rinse your electrode in a waste beaker that is different from the
beaker you will be calibrating in.
o Avoid rubbing the electrode as it has a sensitive membrane around it.
o If you find the electrode to be particularly dirty consult your operating
manual for recommended cleaning solutions.
 3
Prepare your buffers. You will generally need more than one buffer for calibrating a pH
meter. The first will be a neutral buffer with a pH of 7, and the second should be near
the expected sample pH, either a pH of 4 or 9.21. Buffers with a higher pH (9.21) are
best calibrated for measuring bases, whereas buffers with a low pH (4) are best for
measuring acidic samples. Once you have chosen your buffers allow them to reach the
same temperature, as pH readings are temperature dependent. Pour your buffers into
individual beakers for calibration.
o Check with your pH meter manufacturer, or current educational or
professional institution, about acquiring pH buffer solutions.
o Buffers should be kept in a beaker for no longer than two hours.
o Do not pour used buffer back into its original container.

Calibrating Your pH Meter

1
Place your electrode in the buffer with a pH value of 7 and begin reading. Press
the measure or calibrate button to begin reading the pH once your electrode is placed
in the buffer.[7]
Allow the pH to stabilize before setting by letting it sit for approximately 1-2 minutes.

2
 Set the pH. Once you have a stable reading, set the pH meter to the value of the
buffers pH by pressing the measure button a second time. Setting the pH meter once
the reading has stabilized will allow for more accurate and tuned readings.

o Although not necessary, if you stir your buffer before measuring be sure to
stir all other buffers and samples in the same way.

3
Rinse your electrode with distilled water. Rinse and pat dry with a lint-free tissue, like
Kimwipes or Shurwipes, in between buffers.

4
Place your electrode in the buffer with a pH value of 4 and begin reading. Press
the measure button to begin reading the pH once your electrode is placed in the buffer.

o If you are not using a buffer with a pH value of 4 for calibration, use the
buffer with a pH value of 9.21.

5
Set the pH a second time. Once your reading has stabilized, set the pH meter to the
value of the buffers pH by pressing the measure button.

6
Rinse your electrode. You can use distilled water to rinse. Use a lint-free tissue, like
Kimwipes or Shurwipes, in between buffers to dry the electrode.
 Using Your pH Meter

1
Place your electrode in your sample and begin reading. Once your electrode is
placed in your sample, press the measure button and leave the electrode in your
sample for approximately 1-2 minutes.

1.

2
Set your pH level. Once the reading has stabilized, press the measure button. This is
the pH level of your sample.

3
Clean your electrode after use. Rinse your electrode with distilled water and blot or
dab dry with a lint-free tissue. You may store your pH meter once clean and dry.

o Consult your operation manual for optimal storage practices for your
specific pH meter.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CiFufs9LqI

IMPROVISED APPARATUS

Masterand: Sheila Marie Amigo (Afternoon Class)

HOMEMADE VACUUM CLEANER

Step 1: Cutting the Plastic Bottle and Deodrant Bottle

Take the empty plastic bottle and cut into half and next , Take a deo bottle and cut and
you will get a flat sheet.

Step 2: Making the Fan

1.Sheet From the deo bottle is taken and place the previously cut portion of the bottle
and sketch the round bottom opening with the marker and the cut the marked portion
you will get a round metal portion

2.Then take a scale and draw 4 lines as shown in figure it gives a middle point and 8
wings portions to cut them later

3.Take a hammer and nail and at middle portion of round sheet place the nail and make
a hole

4.Then basing on the lines drawn cut the wings of fan leaving some round area near the
middle hole we will get the wings

5.Twist the wings means all the wings in the same direction as shown in figure.

6.Your fan is ready

Step 3: Attaching the Fan to Motor

1.Take the 12 v DC toy motor and to the rotating rod attach the ball point pen
refill and press it to tighten.

2.Cut the excess portion of refill and then take the fan previously prepared and fix
it to the refill placing the refill portion into the hole of the fan.

3.Apply hot glue for extra strength around the joint.

4.Fan is ready

Step 4: Placing the Fan in the Plastic Bottle Bottom Portion

1.In the bottom portion make a round portion with the marker that holds the motor
at the centre

2.using the soldering rod or else any heated needle make holes on th entire
bottom of the bottle that is usefull for letting suction air outside

3.then make a big hole on the trace to fix the motor after placing the hole apply
hot glue and fix the motor in the hole placing fan side inside the bottle and
connecting part of motor outside.

Step 5: Fixing Bottle and Attaching Using Plaster

Take the first aid cloth and place the top portion of plastic bottle and place it on the first
aid cloth and trace round slightly more than bottle and using double sided tape fix it to
the bottle and fix the two portions of the bottle using a tape.

Step 6: Making Suction Pipe

Take the bottle cap and make a hole and place a wire pipe that bends in any direction
and fix it to the cap and on the other end fix the small plastic bottle as shown in the
figure.and fix it to the bottle

Step 7: Final Steps

For decoration purpose i added red plaster and a handle using the card board sheet
and connect the motor withwires and switch on vacuum cleaner.

VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDYofqBrxEY