8 Removal Procedure-2

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Cal. Prac. Guide Fed. Civ. Pro. Before Trial Ch. 2D-8
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Rutter Group Practice Guide: Federal Civil Procedure Before Trial, Calif. & 9th
Cir. Editions
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William W Schwarzer, A. Wallace Tashima, and James M. Wagstaffe; Contributing Ed
itors: Hon. Andrew J. Guilford, Hon. Gerald E. Rosen, Hon. Roslyn O. Silver, Hon
. Andrew J. Wistrich, Atty. Steven J. Adamski, Atty. Ivo Labar and Atty. Susan B
. Gray
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Chapter 2. Subject Matter Jurisdiction
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{\li0 \f2 \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \qc \i0
D. Removal Jurisdiction
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8. Removal Procedure
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8. [2:3425] Removal Procedure
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a. [2:3428] Notice of removal
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(1) [2:3429] Contents
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(a) [2:3430] Federal question cases
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(c) [2:3437] Other grounds for removal
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b. [2:3470] Copies of state court file attached:
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(1) [2:3472] Discovery documents?
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d. [2:3482] Effect of defects in removal procedure
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(a) Examples
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(b) [2:3493] Amendment of removal notice
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(e) [2:3503] Compare\u8212\'3flack of removal jurisdiction
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waived:
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(5) [2:3505] Waiver of statutory restrictions on removal
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(b) [2:3507] Other statutes
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e. [2:3510] Ban on second removal after remand:
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\par {\pntext }
{\pntext }
{\li1700 \f2 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3511] Compare\u8212\'3fdifferent factual ground
}}}
\par {\pntext }
}
{\pntext }
{\li1700 \f2 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3513] Compare\u8212\'3fsuccessive improper removals:
}}}
\par {\pntext }
}
}{\pntext }
}{\pntext }
}{\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\*\bkmkstart co_anchor_OUT3_1}{\*\bkmkend co_anchor_OUT3_1}
\par
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
8. [2:3425]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \chcbpat30 \fs20 \cf22 \i0
Removal
}
}
}
Procedure:
}
}
The procedures for removing an action from state to
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
are set forth in
}
{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?fin
dType=L&pubNum=1000546&cite=28USCAS1446&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf
6ec74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446
}}}
. Defendant must comply with these procedures in order to invoke federal removal
jurisdiction. Failure to comply may result in remand to the state court, even t
hough the action was otherwise removable.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f2 \b0 \ql \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
STEPS TO EFFECT REMOVAL
\par
}
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3426] First of all, you have to analyze the allegations of the complaint to d
etermine if diversity or federal question jurisdiction is shown. If not, you hav
e to wait until removability appears from some later pleading, discovery respons
e, etc., revealing the existence of federal jurisdiction (see above).
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
You then have 30 days within which to effect removal, by the following procedure
s:
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f File a notice of removal in the district and division in which the st
ate court action is pending (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3428
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f Attach
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
copies
}
}
of all state court
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
pleadings
}
}
and orders served on your client (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3470
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f Obtain
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
joinder
}
}
from all codefendants who have been served in the state court action or
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
explain
}
}
why such defendants have not joined (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3445
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f Serve a copy of
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
notice
}
}
of removal on plaintiff, and file with the clerk of the state court (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3475
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f2 \b0 \ql \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
NOTE ON LOCAL RULES
\par
}
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3427] In addition to the requirements of
}
\u167\'3f 1446
}}}
, there are usually local federal court rules to consider.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Caution:
}
}
}
Lack of familiarity with these rules often causes problems where defendant seeks
to remove on the last day allowed.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Some local rules are specific to removal; others require removing defendants to
comply with local rules applicable to plaintiffs in original proceedings. For ex
ample:
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8220\'3fCivil cover sheet\u8221\'3f:
}
}
Several districts require defendant to file a \u8220\'3fcivil cover sheet,\u822
1\'3f noting the nature of the removed action. [
}
dType=L&pubNum=1004250&cite=CARUSCCIVR3-1&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8a
af6ec74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionTy
pe=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
CD CA Rule 3\u8211\'3f1
}}}
; ND CA Rule 3\u8211\'3f2(a);
}
dType=L&pubNum=1000298&cite=CARSCIVLR3.1&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aa
f6ec74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionTyp
e=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
SD CA Rule 3.1
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8220\'3fNotice of Related Case\u8221\'3f:
}
}
Several districts require that a \u8220\'3fNotice of Related Case\u8221\'3f be
filed if defendant has reason to believe such a case exists. [CD CA Rule 83\u821
1\'3f1.3; ND CA Rule 3\u8211\'3f12;
}
dType=L&pubNum=1000298&cite=CARSCIVLR40.1&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8a
af6ec74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionTy
pe=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
SD CA Rule 40.1(f)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Certification as to interested parties:
}
}
Some district courts require removal papers to include a \u8220\'3fNotice of Int
erested Parties\u8221\'3f to enable the court to evaluate possible disqualificat
ion or recusal. [
}
dType=L&pubNum=1004250&cite=CARUSCCIVR7.1-1&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd
8aaf6ec74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transition
Type=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
CD CA Rule 7.1\u8211\'3f1
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Jurisdictional allegations separately stated:
}
}
Several districts require that the removal papers include a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
separate paragraph
}
}
specifically stating the statutory or other basis for
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
federal jurisdiction
}
}
. [ND CA Rule 3\u8211\'3f5(a); ED CA Civ.Rule 8\u8211\'3f204]
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Intradistrict assignment:
}
}
Where the action is removed to a division of the district court, the jurisdictio
nal statement should state the basis for removing to that particular division or
location of the court. [See ND CA Rule 3\u8211\'3f5(b)]
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Supplementary papers:
}
}
Some districts may require the removing party to serve various supplementary pa
pers; e.g., the federal court\rquote s case management schedule and forms, the a
ssigned judge\rquote s general orders and standing orders, and available ADR pro
cedures.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
a. [2:3428]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
:
}
}
To remove a case from state court, defendant must file in the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
for the district and division in which the state action is pending a notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
signed pursuant to Rule 11. [
}
6ec74e0e&refType=RB&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_8b3b0000958a4" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(a)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
When a federal district has a division, the notice of removal should be filed in
the division that embraces the county where the state court action was pending.
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3429]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Contents:
}
}
The notice must contain a \u8220\'3fshort and plain statement\u8221\'3f of the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
grounds for removal
}
}
. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(a)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The liberal notice pleading rules governing pleadings (
}
dType=L&pubNum=1000600&cite=USFRCPR8&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6ec
74e0e&refType=RB&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=Do
cumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_8b3b0000958a4" }{\fldrslt
FRCP 8(a)
}}}
) apply to a notice of removal. [
}
dType=Y&serNum=2015443530&pubNum=506&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6ec
74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_506_199&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1
.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_506_199" }{\fldr
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Ellenburg v. Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc.
}
}
(4th Cir. 2008) 519 F3d 192, 199]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(a) [2:3430]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Federal question cases:
}
}
The notice must state that removal is based on a claim \u8220\'3farising under\
u8221\'3f federal law, and identify the statutory basis for the claim. If it is
not otherwise apparent from the face of the complaint, it should explain why the
action \u8220\'3farises under\u8221\'3f federal law.
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(b) [2:3431]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Diversity cases:
}
}
A notice of removal is sufficient \u8220\'3fif it alleges that the parties are o
f diverse citizenship and that the matter in controversy exceeds, exclusive of i
nterest and costs, the sum specified by
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1332
}}}
. . .\u8221\'3f [
}
dType=Y&serNum=2015443530&pubNum=0000506&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aa
f6ec74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_506_200&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=c
blt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_506_200" }{\
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Ellenburg v. Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc.
}
}
, supra, 519 F3d at 200
}}}
(internal quotes and brackets omitted)]
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
To avoid challenge, however, a notice of removal should state:
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f Defendant\rquote s citizenship both when the state court action was f
iled and at the time of removal (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2356
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f That none of the defendants is a citizen of the state in which the ac
tion is pending (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2320
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f If a corporation is a party, both the state of its incorporation and
its principal place of business (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2312
}
}
);
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f If a partnership or limited liability company is a party, the citizen
ship of
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
all of the members
}
}
of each entity. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
D.B. Zwirn Special Opportunities Fund, L.P. v. Mehrotra
}
}
(1st Cir. 2011) 661 F3d 124, 125\u8211\'3f126;
}}}
}
74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_506_1022&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt
1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_506_1022" }{\fl
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Rolling Greens MHP, L.P. v. Comcast SCH Holdings L.L.C.
}
}
(11th Cir. 2004) 374 F3d 1020, 1022;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2314
}
}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f If diversity depends on
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
realigning
}
}
one or more parties (e.g., aligning a nondiverse defendant as an involuntary pl
aintiff,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2422
}
}
), the notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
must \u8220\'3fpoint the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
to any brooding realignment option.\u8221\'3f [
}
f6ec74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_4637_1295&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs
=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_4637_1295"
}{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Andalusia Enterprises, Inc. v. Evanston Ins. Co.
}
}
(ND AL 2007) 487 F.Supp.2d 1290, 1295
}}}
(declining realignment)]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1) [2:3432]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Allegation of \u8220\'3fresidence\u8221\'3f insufficient:
}
}
Since \u8220\'3fresidence\u8221\'3f is not synonymous with \u8220\'3fcitizenshi
p,\u8221\'3f allegations of a defendant\rquote s residence (as opposed to \u8220
\'3fdomicile\u8221\'3f) are insufficient ... but leave to amend may be granted.
[
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
McMahon v. Bunn\u8211\'3fO\u8211\'3fMatic Corp.
}
}
(7th Cir. 1998) 150 F3d 651, 653\u8211\'3f654]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
2) [2:3433]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Allegation of citizenship \u8220\'3fon information and belief\u8221\'3f sufficie
nt?
}
}
Several cases hold a removal notice alleging citizenship \u8220\'3fon informatio
n and belief\u8221\'3f is
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
insufficient
}
}
to establish removal jurisdiction, so that remand is required. [See
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
America\rquote s Best Inns, Inc. v. Best Inns of Abilene, L.P.
}
}
(7th Cir. 1992) 980 F2d 1072, 1073;
}}}
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Bradford v. Mitchell Bros. Truck Lines
}
}
(ND CA 1963) 217 F.Supp. 525, 526\u8211\'3f527;
}}}
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Sope\u241\'3fa v. Colejon Corp.
}
}
(D PR 1996) 920 F.Supp. 259, 262
}}}
]
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Some courts permit
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
amendment of the removal notice
}
}
to eliminate the \u8220\'3finformation and belief\u8221\'3f allegations. [
}
dType=Y&serNum=2010699310&pubNum=4637&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6e
c74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_4637_931&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cbl
t1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_4637_931" }{\f
ldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Lyerla v. AMCO Ins. Co.
}
}
(SD IL 2006) 462 F.Supp.2d 931, 931]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3434]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER:
}
}
}
Avoid the problem. If you do not know the parties\rquote citizenship,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
ask
}
}
opposing counsel or conduct an informal investigation within the 30\u8211\'3fda
y period. If you
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
have
}
}
a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
good faith basis
}
}
for alleging citizenship in the removal notice, allege it without qualification
;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
avoid
}
}
the \u8220\'3finformation and belief\u8221\'3f issue.
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
3) [2:3435]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Allegation re amount in controversy:
}
}
If the state court complaint does not allege the amount in controversy, the rem
oving defendant must supply this jurisdictional fact (i.e.,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
factual allegations
}
}
showing claim exceeds $75,000) in the removal notice. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Gaus v. Miles, Inc.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1992) 980 F2d 564, 566\u8211\'3f567;
}}}
}
f6ec74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_506_1335&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=
cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_506_1335" }
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Allen v. R & H Oil & Gas Co.
}
}
(5th Cir. 1995) 63 F3d 1326, 1335
}}}
\u8212\'3fconclusory allegations not sufficient where complaint silent as to amo
unt in controversy;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2399, 2:3245
}
}
]
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3436]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(c) [2:3437]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Other grounds for removal:
}
}
If removal is based on some other ground (special statutes permitting removal;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2860 ff.
}
}
), the appropriate jurisdictional facts must be stated in the removal notice.
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f NOTICE OF REMOVAL (FEDERAL QUESTION),
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see Cal. Prac. Guide Fed. Civ. Pro. Before Trial Form No. 2:A
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f NOTICE OF REMOVAL (DIVERSITY),
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see Cal. Prac. Guide Fed. Civ. Pro. Before Trial Form No. 2:B
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3438]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Signed pursuant to Rule 11:
}
}
The notice of removal must be signed by the attorney (or party in pro per) subj
ect to the certification requirements of Rule 11.
}
[See
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(a)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(a) [2:3439]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Impact of Rule 11:
}
}
Under Rule 11, the attorney\rquote s or party\rquote s signature constitutes a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
certificate
}
}
that he or she has read it; that to the best of his or her knowledge, based on
a reasonable investigation, it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by law;
\u8220\'3fand that it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to ha
rass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigatio
n.\u8221\'3f [
}
dType=L&pubNum=1000600&cite=USFRCPR11&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6e
c74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=D
ocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
FRCP 11
}}}
;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3824
}
}
]
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Cross-refer:
}
}
Sanctions generally are discussed in
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Ch. 17, \u8220\'3fSanctions.\u8221\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3440]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER:
}
}
}
Be
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
careful
}
}
about the contents of your notice of removal. Do not treat it as a boilerplate
pleading. Make sure the statements in it are well-founded in fact and that there
are grounds for asserting federal jurisdiction. Filing a baseless notice for re
moval, or making unwarranted or misleading factual statements in the notice, cou
ld subject you (or the defendant, or both) to sanctions, including attorney fees
and expenses (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3826
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
This is a particular problem where the state court complaint alleges an
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
unspecified amount
}
}
of damages. Because defendant generally will not know the value of plaintiff\rq
uote s claim, defense counsel should
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
conduct discovery in state court
}
}
to establish the amount
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
before
}
}
filing a removal notice. (The 30\u8211\'3fday deadline for removal is no proble
m where removability does not appear on the face of the state court complaint;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3231 ff.
}
}
)
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3441\u8211\'3f3444]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(3) [2:3445]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Joinder by all defendants:
}
}
As discussed earlier, all defendants in the state action normally must join in
the notice of removal (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2247
}
}
). [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Doe v. Kerwood
}
}
(5th Cir. 1992) 969 F2d 165, 168;
}}}
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Parrino v. FHP, Inc.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1998) 146 F3d 699, 703]
}}}
\par
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
When fewer than all defendants have joined the notice of removal, the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
burden is on the removing defendants to explain
}
}
the absence of the other defendants. [
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Prize Frize, Inc. v. Matrix (U.S.) Inc.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1999) 167 F3d 1261, 1266
}}}
\u8212\'3fabsent such explanation, removal notice is \u8220\'3ffacially deficien
t\u8221\'3f and defect must be cured within 30 days to avoid remand]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The removing defendant may cure the defect by obtaining joinder of other defenda
nts
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
prior to entry of judgment.
}
}
[
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Destfino v. Reiswig
}
}
(9th Cir. 2011) 630 F3d 952, 955]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(a) [2:3446]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
What constitutes joinder:
}
}
The circuits are divided as to what form a codefendant\rquote s joinder in remov
al must take:
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3447] Some require that
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
each
}
}
codefendant (or someone authorized to act on its behalf) submit a timely, writt
en
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
notice of consent
}
}
to joinder. [See
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Getty Oil Corp., a Div. of Texaco, Inc. v. Insurance Co. of North America
}
}
(5th Cir. 1988) 841 F2d 1254, 1262, fn. 11;
}}}
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Christiansen v. West Branch Community School Dist.
}
}
(8th Cir. 2012) 674 F3d 927, 933
}}}
\u8212\'3funanimity requirement satisfied by brief in support of motion to dismi
ss that expressed removal was appropriate]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3448] Others, including the Ninth Circuit, require only that
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
at least one attorney of record
}
}
sign the notice and
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
certify
}
}
that the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
remaining defendants consent
}
}
to removal. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Proctor v. Vishay Intertechnology Inc
}
}
. (9th Cir. 2009) 584 F3d 1208, 1225;
}}}
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Harper v. AutoAlliance Int\rquote l, Inc.
}
}
(6th Cir. 2004) 392 F3d 195, 201\u8211\'3f202]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1) [2:3449]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Filing answer as consent to removal?
}
}
Courts are split on whether merely filing an answer in
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
is sufficient to manifest the answering party\rquote s consent to
}
removal
}
}
}
:
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8212\'3f[2:3450] Some courts hold such filing does
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
unambiguously manifest consent to removal; i.e., the answer may have been filed
simply to avoid default or to expedite the proceedings.
}
[
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Landman v. Borough of Bristol
}
}
(ED PA 1995) 896 F.Supp. 406, 409;
}}}
}
}{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Local Union No. 172 et al. v. P.J. Dick, Inc.
}
}
(SD OH 2003) 253 F.Supp.2d 1022, 1024
}}}
(same)]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8212\'3f[2:3451] Other decisions hold it is discretionary whether to treat the
answer as such consent. [See
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Hernandez v. Six Flags Magic Mountain, Inc.
}
}
(CD CA 1988) 688 F.Supp. 560, 562\u8211\'3f563;
}}}
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Esposito v. Home Depot, U.S.A., Inc.
}
}
(D RI 2006) 436 F.Supp.2d 343, 345
}}}
\u8212\'3fanswer filed within 30\u8211\'3fday period deemed consent to removal w
here it was filed by same attorney who had removed case on behalf of codefendant
s]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
2) [2:3452]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Effect of delayed consent:
}
}
Delay in filing joinder or consent to removal has been treated as a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
nonjurisdictional
}
}
defect, and removal upheld where the opposing party was not prejudiced by the d
elay. [
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Hernandez v. Six Flags Magic Mountain, Inc.
}
}
, supra, 688 F.Supp. at 562\u8211\'3f563
}}}
\u8212\'3fone-day delay]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
3) [2:3453]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Effect of separate notice of removal:
}
}
A separate notice of removal filed by some defendants creates a separate federal
case. It does
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
constitute consent to a notice of removal filed by another defendant. Thus, rem
and is required (unless the court permits consolidation of separate cases). [
}
}{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Williams v. Equifax Information Services LLC
}
}
(MD FL 2005) 359 F.Supp.2d 1284, 1286
}}}
\u8212\'3fremoval statutes narrowly construed against removal]
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
FORM:
}
}
}
JOINDER OF DEFENDANTS,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see Cal. Prac. Guide Fed. Civ. Pro. Before Trial Form No. 2:C
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(b) [2:3454]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Exception\u8212\'3ffederal parties having independent right to remove:
}
}
A federal officer sued for acts committed under color of office, can remove the
entire case on his or her own, without the joinder of other defendants in the a
ction. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1442(a)
}}}
, \u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2861;
}
}
see
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Ely Valley Mines, Inc. v. Hartford Acc. & Indem. Co.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1981) 644 F2d 1310, 1314]
}}}
\par
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Similarly, an action against a federal employee arising out of his or her employ
ment can be removed without joinder of other defendants. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 2679
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Similarly, a federal party having an independent statutory right to remove (FDIC
,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2952 ff.
}
}
) can remove without the joinder of other defendants. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Davis v. FSLIC
}
}
(5th Cir. 1989) 879 F2d 1288, 1289]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3455]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(c)
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Exceptions\u8212\'3fjoinder of certain defendants not required
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1) [2:3456]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Unserved defendants:
}
}
Those named as defendants but not yet served in the state court action need not
join the notice of removal. [
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Northern Ill. Gas Co. v. Airco Industrial Gases
}
}
(7th Cir. 1982) 676 F2d 270, 272
}}}
\u8212\'3fremoval notice defective if it fails to explain absence of codefendant
s;
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Destfino v. Reiswig
}
}
(9th Cir. 2011) 630 F3d 952, 955
}}}
\u8212\'3fcodefendants not properly served need not join]
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Thus, a defendant who has been served or who has otherwise acquired notice of a
state court action need not seek out and notify codefendants who have not yet be
en served to ask them to join in the removal. [See
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Gossmeyer v. McDonald
}
}
(7th Cir. 1997) 128 F3d 481, 489]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
a) [2:3457]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compare\u8212\'3fcitizenship for diversity purposes:
}
}
The citizenship of
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
all
}
}
defendants\u8212\'3fincluding those not yet served\u8212\'3fmust be considered
in determining diversity of citizenship.
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
See discussion at
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2341.
\par
}
}
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3458]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER\u8212\'3fCONTACT CODEFENDANTS:
}
}
}
If you represent only one of several defendants named in the complaint, find ou
t if any of the others have been served. (You may have to call the process serve
r or even plaintiff\rquote s lawyer for this information.) If the other defendan
ts have not been served, you can remove immediately without obtaining their conc
urrence.
\par
}
}
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
If they have been served, you will have to seek their concurrence (through forma
l joinder or consent; \u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3446 ff
}
}
.).
\par
}
}
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
2) [2:3459]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Defendants challenging service?
}
}
It is unclear whether removal joinder is required by defendants who have challe
nged the sufficiency of service (e.g., by moving to quash for lack of personal j
urisdiction or defects in summons or service requirements). [See
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
}
}
(9th Cir. 1999) 167 F3d 1261, 1266
}}}
\u8212\'3f\u8220\'3fassuming objecting to sufficiency of process may be equated
to a lack of service\u8221\'3f]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
3) [2:3460]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Nominal or \u8220\'3fsham\u8221\'3f defendants:
}
}
Joinder is not required by persons named as defendants solely to prevent remova
l. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Farias v. Bexar County Bd. of Trustees for Mental Health
}
}
(5th Cir. 1991) 925 F2d 866, 871;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
and see discussion of \u8220\'3fsham\u8221\'3f and \u8220\'3ffraudulent\u8221\'3
f defendants at
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2423
}
}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
4) [2:3461]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Transactionally unrelated claims (
}
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_4b24000003ba5" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1441(c)
}}}
):
}
}
Where the removing defendant\rquote s claim is transactionally unrelated to the
claims against other defendants, the latter defendants\rquote joinder is not re
quired. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Henry v. Independent American Sav. Ass\rquote n
}
}
(5th Cir. 1988) 857 F2d 995, 999;
}}}
and see discussion of
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1441(c)
}}}
at \u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2811 ff
}
}
.]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
5) [2:3462]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Defendants in consolidated action:
}
}
If an action is removable on its own, but is consolidated for trial with anothe
r, timely removal is probably permitted without joining the defendants in the co
nsolidated actions. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Crier v. Zimmer, Inc.
}
}
(ED LA 1983) 565 F.Supp. 1000, 1002]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
6) [2:3463]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Equitable exception:
}
}
If an action involves so many defendants that contacting them all and obtaining
their written joinder would be impossible, a
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
might
}
}
uphold
}
removal
}
}
}
if convinced that all defendants in fact support
}
removal
}
}
}
. [See
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Doe v. Kerwood
}
}
(5th Cir. 1992) 969 F2d 165, 169, fn. 15]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
7) [2:3464]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Defendants on nonfederal claims:
}
}
All defendants to the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
removable
}
}
claims must join in the notice of removal. Even supplemental parties (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:895
}
}
) must join since they are parties to \u8220\'3fone constitutional case.\u8221\'
3f [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry. v. Martin
}
}
(1900) 178 US 245, 248, 20 S.Ct. 854, 855;
}}}
see
}
}{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Alcorn v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
}
}
(WD MO 1998) 3 F.Supp.2d 1085, 1086\u8211\'3f1087
}}}
(collecting cases)]
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, defendants named
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
only
}
}
in
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
nonremovable
}
}
claims (e.g., a codefendant to a federal officer,
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1442(a)
}}}
) need not join. [See
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Moscovitch v. Danbury Hosp.
}
}
(D CT 1999) 25 F.Supp.2d 74, 78
}}}
\u8212\'3fcodefendants with a defendant named on an ERISA claim need not join in
notice of removal]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3465]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER\u8212\'3fEXPLAIN FAILURE TO JOIN CODEFENDANT:
}
}
}
Failure to join all defendants named in the state court complaint is a \u8220\'
3fred flag\u8221\'3f to the federal judge. Therefore, your removal notice should
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
explain
}
}
why any codefendant has not joined: e.g., by stating they have not yet been ser
ved; or
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
facts
}
}
showing they are \u8220\'3fsham\u8221\'3f or \u8220\'3fnominal\u8221\'3f defend
ants; or other facts showing excuse for nonjoinder. [See
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
}
}
(9th Cir. 1999) 167 F3d 1261, 1266;
}}}
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Andreshak v. Service Heat Treating, Inc.
}
}
(ED WI 2006) 439 F.Supp.2d 898, 902
}}}
\u8212\'3fremoval notice
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
defective
}
}
if no explanation given]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3466\u8211\'3f3469]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
b. [2:3470]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Copies of state court file attached:
}
}
A copy of all pleadings, process and orders served on the removing defendant in
the state action should be filed with the removal notice. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(a)
}}}
; see
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Cook v. Randolph County, Ga.
}
}
(11th Cir. 2009) 573 F3d 1143, 1150
}}}
\u8212\'3ffailure to attach documents corrected at time of motion to remand]
\par
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3471]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER:
}
}
}
The later the case is removed, the larger your burden: If the case is removable
at the outset, the only documents normally attached to the removal notice are c
opies of the summons and complaint.
}
However, if the case only becomes removable at a later stage\u8212\'3fe.g., at t
ime of trial\u8212\'3fthe entire case file may have to be copied and attached to
the notice!
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Section 1446(a)
}}}
requires only copies of documents
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
served
}
}
on the defendant. However, the better practice is to attach copies of
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
all
}
}
documents in the state court case file (including documents served
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
by
}
}
the defendant). Reason: Sooner or later the federal court is going to need the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
entire
}
}
case file, so you might as well provide it at the outset!
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3472]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Discovery documents?
}
}
At least one court has held that discovery documents and responses do
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
constitute \u8220\'3fpleadings, process or orders,\u8221\'3f even if lodged wit
h the state court. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Visicorp v. Software Arts, Inc.
}
}
(ND CA 1983) 575 F.Supp. 1528, 1531]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3473]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Later addition of papers:
}
}
As long as the removal notice itself is timely filed, a party will normally be
allowed to file documents from the state court file after the removal period has
expired. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Woodall v. Insurance Co. of North America
}
}
(ND GA 1984) 582 F.Supp. 247, 248]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(3) [2:3474]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compelling production of state file:
}
}
Under
}
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_a83b000018c76" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1447(b)
}}}
, the federal court can issue a writ of certiorari ordering the state court to p
roduce all of the records in the case. In a case with voluminous files, counsel
may wish to ask the court for such writ.
\par
}
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
c. [2:3475]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Notice to other parties and to state court:
}
}
\u8220\'3fPromptly after the filing of such notice of removal of a civil action
the defendant or the defendants shall give
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
written notice
}
}
thereof to all adverse parties and shall file a copy of the notice with the cle
rk of such State court, which shall effect the removal ... \u8221\'3f [
}
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_5ba1000067d06" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(d)
}}}
(emphasis added)]
\par
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3476]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Separate notice to plaintiff required:
}
}
Section 1446(d)
}}}
apparently requires
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
separate
}
}
written notice to all adverse parties. It is technically
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
sufficient simply to serve a copy of the Notice of
}
Removal
}
}
}
filed in
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
.
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3477]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER:
}
}
}
Since the notice to adverse parties must also be filed with the state court cle
rk, it should bear the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
state court caption
}
}
(to assure proper filing), as well as the federal court filing information.
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
FORM:
}
}
}
NOTICE TO ADVERSE PARTY OF
}
REMOVAL
}
}
}
TO
}
FEDERAL
}
}
}
}
COURT
}
}
}
,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
.1
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3478]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Copies of state file to be served on plaintiff?
}
}
It is not clear whether
}
\u167\'3f 1446(d)
}}}
requires the defendant to serve plaintiff with copies of the state court file w
hich has been filed in the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
along with the notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
.
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3479]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
PRACTICE POINTER:
}
}
}
To avoid uncertainty, serve plaintiff with copies of
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
all
}
}
papers filed in the federal court. (If the state court file is too bulky, ask p
laintiff if he or she wants a full copy.)
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(3) [2:3480]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Service and filing requirements:
}
}
A copy of the notice served on plaintiff (see above) must be filed with the sta
te court clerk to effect the removal. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1446(d)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Moreover, all papers required to be served on an adverse party must also be file
d with the federal court. [
}
cumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_5ba1000067d06" }{\fldrslt
FRCP 5(d)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Therefore, a proof of service of the above notice should also be filed with the
federal court (with federal court caption and filing information). [See
}
cumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_5ba1000067d06" }{\fldrslt
FRCP 5(d)
}}}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
FORM:
}
}
}
PROOF OF SERVICE OF NOTICE TO ADVERSE PARTY OF
}
REMOVAL
}
}
}
TO
}
FEDERAL
}
}
}
}
COURT
}
}
}
,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
.2
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3481]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
d. [2:3482]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Effect of defects in
}
removal
}
}
}
procedure:
}
}
Defects in
}
removal
}
}
}
procedures (e.g., tardy filing of the
}
removal
}
}
}
notice, or defects in the
}
removal
}
}
}
bond or notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
) do
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
oust the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
of jurisdiction. Such defects are said to be \u8220\'3fformal\u8221\'3f or \u82
20\'3fmodal,\u8221\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
jurisdictional.
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
As long as the case itself was removable
}
}
(i.e., involving diversity or a federal question), the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
can exercise jurisdiction despite defects in the manner in which the
}
removal
}
}
}
was effected. Such defects are curable by
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
amendment
}
}
in federal court. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Fristoe v. Reynolds Metals Co.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1980) 615 F2d 1209, 1212\u8211\'3f1213;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3690 ff.
}
}
]
\par
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3483]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Waived unless timely challenged:
}
}
It follows that defects in
}
removal
}
}
}
procedures are
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
waived
}
}
unless challenged by
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
timely
}
}
motion for remand in the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
. Any such motion must be made
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
within 30 days
}
}
after the filing of the notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
in
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
. [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1447(c)
}}}
;
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Maniar v. FDIC
}
}
(9th Cir. 1992) 979 F2d 782, 785\u8211\'3f786
}}}
\u8212\'3fcourt lacks authority to remand sua sponte for procedural defects afte
r 30\u8211\'3fday limit;
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
FDIC v. Loyd
}
}
(5th Cir. 1992) 955 F2d 316, 321;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3270 ff.
}
}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3484]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Application\u8212\'3fremoval to wrong federal district:
}
}
The removal of a federal civil rights action to the district court of a district
that does not embrace the place where the state court action was pending (as re
quired by
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1441(a)
}}}
;
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3428
}
}
), is a procedural defect that did not deprive the district court of subject mat
ter jurisdiction. This geographic component of the removal statute is in the nat
ure of a venue provision, and is subject to waiver by the parties. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Peterson v. BMI Refractories
}
}
(11th Cir. 1997) 124 F3d 1386, 1391]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(3) [2:3485]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Application\u8212\'3ftardy removal:
}
}
Filing a removal notice more than 30 days after the case became removable is a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
procedural
}
}
, not jurisdictional, defect. Thus, the defect is waived unless a timely motion
for remand is made. [
}
74e0e&refType=RP&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=Do
cumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Maniar v. FDIC
}
}
(9th Cir. 1992) 979 F2d 782;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3270 ff.
}
}
]
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3486\u8211\'3f3489]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(4) [2:3490]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Application\u8212\'3fwaiver of defects in removal papers:
}
}
Similarly, defects in the form or content of the removal papers are usually not
jurisdictional and may be cured by amendment after removal; e.g., to correct mi
stakes or omissions, or to furnish the required copies of the state court file.
[
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Kuxhausen v. BMW Fin\rquote l Services NA LLC
}
}
(9th Cir. 2013) 707 F3d 1136, 1142]
}}}
\par
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(a)
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Examples
\par
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3491] P sued D1 and D2 in state court. D1 filed a notice of remova
l that failed to state whether D2 also sought removal. After removal, D2 consent
ed to the removal. Removal jurisdiction was upheld because P failed to object to
D2\rquote s untimely consent to removal (thereby waiving the objection). [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Harris v. Edward Hyman Co.
}
}
(5th Cir. 1981) 664 F2d 943, 944\u8211\'3f945]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3492] D failed to attach a copy of the state court pleadings to hi
s removal notice at the time of filing, but did so shortly thereafter. The defec
t was not jurisdictional and removal was upheld. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Riehl v. National Mutual Ins. Co.
}
}
(7th Cir. 1967) 374 F2d 739, 741\u8211\'3f742]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3492.1] D\rquote s failure to attach the state court complaint to
the notice of removable was a
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
de minimis
}
}
defect curable even after expiration of the 30\u8211\'3fday removal period. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Kuxhausen v. BMW Fin\rquote l Services NA LLC
}
}
, supra, 707 F3d at 1142]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(b) [2:3493]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Amendment of removal notice:
}
}
Even failure to state valid grounds for removal (e.g., diversity or federal que
stion) may be cured by post-removal amendment of the notice, as long as such jur
isdiction in fact
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
existed
}
}
at the time of removal. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Gafford v. General Elec. Co.
}
}
(6th Cir. 1993) 997 F2d 150, 164;
}}}
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
}
}
(7th Cir. 1998) 150 F3d 651, 654]
}}}
\par
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
This is particularly true where the requisite jurisdictional allegations are not
omitted entirely but rather are merely defective in form.
}
[See
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1653
}}}
\u8212\'3f\u8220\'3fDefective allegations of jurisdiction may be amended, upon t
erms, in the trial or appellate courts\u8221\'3f; see
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
}
}
, supra, 150 F3d at 654]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1)
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Application
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3494] D Corp. removed to
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
claiming diversity of citizenship, but its
}
removal
}
}
}
notice did not state where it was incorporated and where its principal place of
business was located. After removal, D Corp. was permitted to amend to allege d
iversity with the requisite specificity. The defective statement of removal juri
sdiction in the removal notice was deemed only a \u8220\'3fformal\u8221\'3f defe
ct, since diversity in fact existed. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Barrow Develop. Co. v. Fulton Ins. Co.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1969) 418 F2d 316, 317;
}}}
see also
}
dType=Y&serNum=1998108826&pubNum=4637&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6e
c74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_4637_808&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cbl
t1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_4637_808" }{\f
ldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Good v. Prudential Ins. Co. of America
}
}
(ND CA 1998) 5 F.Supp.2d 804, 808\u8211\'3f809]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
2) [2:3495]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Caution\u8212\'3fleave to amend discretionary:
}
}
Granting leave to amend the removal notice is
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
discretionary.
}
}
Some courts may be reluctant to grant leave where the notice fails to allege pr
oper grounds for removal. Absent such allegations remand may be ordered! [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Milstead Supply Co. v. Casualty Ins. Co.
}
}
(WD TX 1992) 797 F.Supp. 569, 574;
}}}
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
D.J. McDuffie, Inc. v. Old Reliable Fire Ins. Co.
}
}
(5th Cir. 1979) 608 F2d 145, 146\u8211\'3f147]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
3) [2:3496]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
30\u8211\'3fday time limit on leave to amend?
}
}
Most courts will grant leave to amend defective removal notices even
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
after
}
}
the 30\u8211\'3fday removal period. Rationale:
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1653 (above)
}}}
permits amendment in the trial
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
or appellate
}
}
courts. A rule allowing amendment at the
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
appellate
}
}
level clearly allows amendment more than 30 days after removal. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Kacludis v. GTE Sprint Communications Corp.
}
}
(ND CA 1992) 806 F.Supp. 866, 869;
}}}
see also
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Tech-Hills Assoc. v. Phoenix Home Life Mut. Ins. Co.
}
}
(6th Cir. 1993) 5 F3d 963, 969]
}}}
\par
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Note: There are a few cases contra in other circuits. [See
}
74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_345_10&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.
0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_345_10" }{\fldrsl
t
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Wenger v. Western Reserve Life Ins. Co. of Ohio
}
}
(MD TN 1983) 570 F.Supp. 8, 10;
}}}
and
}
f6ec74e0e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_344_51&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cb
lt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_344_51" }{\fl
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Barnhill v. Insurance Co. of North America
}
}
(D SC 1990) 130 FRD 46, 51
}}}
\u8212\'3fleave to amend denied because not sought within 30\u8211\'3fday limit]
\par
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3497\u8211\'3f3499]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(c) [2:3500]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Application\u8212\'3fconsent by codefendants who did not consent to original rem
oval:
}
}
Failure of all defendants to sign or consent to the notice of removal is a proc
edural defect that may be cured prior to entry of judgment. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Destfino v. Reiswig
}
}
(9th Cir. 2011) 630 F3d 952, 956\u8211\'3f957;
}}}
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3445
}
}
]
\par
}
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(d) [2:3501]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Limitation\u8212\'3fnew grounds for removal cannot be added after 30 days:
}
}
Because the removal notice must be filed within 30 days after the complaint is
received (
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1447(c)
}}}
, \u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3255
}
}
), it may not be amended to add a separate basis for removal jurisdiction
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
after
}
}
the 30\u8211\'3fday period. [
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
O\rquote Halloran v. University of Washington
}
}
(9th Cir. 1988) 856 F2d 1375, 1381]
}}}
\par
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1) [2:3502]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compare\u8212\'3fcorrecting defective allegations:
}
}
However, defendant may amend the notice of removal after the 30\u8211\'3fday win
dow \u8220\'3fto correct a defective allegation of jurisdiction.\u8221\'3f [See
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1653
}}}
;
}
{\fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
ARCO Environmental Remediation, L.L.C. v. Department of Health & Environmental Q
uality of Montana
}
}
(9th Cir. 2000) 213 F3d 1108, 1117
}}}
\u8212\'3famendment stating new ground for removal is
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
\u8220\'3fcorrection\u8221\'3f]
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(e) [2:3503]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compare\u8212\'3flack of removal jurisdiction
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
not
}
}
waived:
}
}
On the other hand,
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
lack
}
}
of federal
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
subject matter jurisdiction
}
}
is never waived. Thus, regardless of the allegations in the notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
, if in fact there was
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
no
}
}
diversity or federal question at the time of
}
removal
}
}
}
, this defect may be raised at
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
any
}
}
time by either party, the court or even the appellate court
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
sua sponte
}
}
(the same as with actions filed originally in
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
). [
}
28 USC \u167\'3f 1447(c)
}}}
;
}
drslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Libhart v. Santa Monica Dairy Co.
}
}
(9th Cir. 1979) 592 F2d 1062, 1065]
}}}
\par
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
1) [2:3504]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Example:
}
}
D removes to federal court on the basis of diversity of citizenship. The case g
oes to trial in federal court and D wins. P appeals, and for the first time argu
es that removal jurisdiction was improper because there was not complete diversi
ty. Held: The federal court never had jurisdiction; the action must be remanded
to state court. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
American Fire & Cas. Co. v. Finn
}
}
(1951) 341 US 6, 17\u8211\'3f18, 71 S.Ct. 534, 542]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(5) [2:3505]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Waiver of statutory restrictions on removal:
}
}
As long as federal subject matter jurisdiction exists (i.e., diversity or feder
al question), other statutory restrictions on removal jurisdiction can be waived
.
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(a) [2:3506]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
No local defendant (\u8220\'3fforum defendant rule\u8221\'3f):
}
}
For example, where there is diversity but one of the defendants is a citizen of
the state in which the action is brought,
}
=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_c0ae00006c482" }{\fldrslt
28 USC \u167\'3f 1441(b)(2)
}}}
prohibits removal (\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:2320
}
}
). But this is waived if plaintiff does not timely move for remand on this groun
d. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Hartford Acc. & Indem. Co. v. Costa Lines Cargo Services, Inc.
}
}
(5th Cir. 1990) 903 F2d 352, 359;
}}}
}
t
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Samaan v. St. Joseph Hosp.
}
}
(1st Cir. 2012) 670 F3d 21, 28]
}}}
\par
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(b) [2:3507]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Other statutes:
}
}
Waiver principles may also apply where the removal violates other statutory pro
hibitions (e.g., FELA cases); or the removal is based on
}
\u167\'3f 1441(c)
}}}
but the claims fail to meet the \u8220\'3fseparate and independent\u8221\'3f re
quirement. [See
}
t
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Donahue v. Warner Bros. Pictures
}
}
(10th Cir. 1952) 194 F2d 6, 10;
}}}
and
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Johnson v. Odeco Oil & Gas Co.
}
}
(ED LA 1987) 679 F.Supp. 604, 605\u8211\'3f606
}}}
\u8212\'3fJones Act case]
\par
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3508\u8211\'3f3509]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
e. [2:3510]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Ban on second
}
removal
}
}
}
after remand:
}
}
\u8220\'3f(A) party is not entitled . . . to file a second (notice of
}
removal
}
}
}
) upon the same grounds, where, upon the first
}
removal
}
}
}
by the same party, the
}
federal
}
}
}
}
court
}
}
}
declined to proceed and remanded the suit because of his failure to (comply wit
h procedural requirements for
}
removal
}
}
}
).\u8221\'3f [
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
St. Paul & C. Ry. Co. v. McLean
}
}
(1883) 108 US 212, 217, 2 S.Ct. 498, 500
}}}
(parentheses added);
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Midlock v. Apple Vacations West, Inc.
}
}
(7th Cir. 2005) 406 F3d 453, 458]
}}}
\par
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(1) [2:3511]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compare\u8212\'3fdifferent factual ground:
}
}
The ban on second removals on the \u8220\'3fsame ground\u8221\'3f refers to
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
facts
}
}
or events that made the action removable. [
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
S.W.S. Erectors, Inc. v. Infax, Inc
}
}
. (5th Cir. 1996) 72 F3d 489, 492\u8211\'3f493
}}}
\u8212\'3fearlier remand did not bar removal where second notice of removal asse
rted diversity of citizenship based on
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
newly-acquired facts
}
}
from plaintiff\rquote s deposition;
}
fldrslt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Benson v. SI Handling Systems, Inc.
}
}
(7th Cir. 1999) 188 F3d 780, 782\u8211\'3f783
}}}
\u8212\'3fsecond notice of removal proper where, after remand (and within 1 year
after action commenced), plaintiffs revealed they had sustained damages in exce
ss of $75,000]
\par
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f [2:3512] Where an earlier removal based on diversity failed because o
ne of the defendants was shown to be nondiverse, a later removal on the same gro
und might lie if plaintiff has
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
dismissed
}
}
the nondiverse defendant, provided the removal is within the one-year limit for
diversity-based removals (
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
see
}
}
\u182\'3f
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
2:3335
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\par
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2) [2:3513]
}
{\f2 \b1 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Compare\u8212\'3fsuccessive improper removals:
}
}
Successive improper removals could lead to
}
dType=L&pubNum=1000600&cite=USFRCPR11&originatingDoc=Id95f1921eb2011da90bd8aaf6e
c74e0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=D
ocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt
Rule 11
}}}
sanctions if nothing of significance changed between the first and second remov
als. [
}
slt
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Benson v. SI Handling Systems, Inc.
}
}
, supra, 188 F3d at 783]
}}}
\par
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li1000 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
[2:3514\u8211\'3f3524]
}
{\f2 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Reserved.
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li800 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li600 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li400 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li200 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u169\'3f 1989-2014 by The Rutter Group, a Thomson Reuters Business
\par
}
}
{\f4 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
(2014)
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f2 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0 {
\clpadt24 \clpadft3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr24 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrt \brdrw10 \
brdrcf23 \brdrs \clbrdrb \clbrdrl \trql \clwWidth4320 \cellx4320
\clpadt24 \clpadft3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr24 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrt \brdrw10 \
brdrcf23 \brdrs \clbrdrb \clbrdrr \trql \clwWidth5760 \cellx10080
\intbl
{\li24 \ri24
{\li24 \f2 \b1 \ql \ri24 \fs16 \cf23 \i0
End of Document
\par
}
}
}\f2 \li24 \strike0 \ul0 \b1 \sa0 \ql \sb0 \fs16 \ri24 \cf23 \i0 \intbl \cell \i
ntbl
{\li24 \ri24
{\li24 \f2 \b0 \ri24 \fs16 \cf23 \qr \i0
\u169\'3f 2015 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
\par
}
}
}\f2 \li24 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \sa0 \sb0 \fs16 \ri24 \cf23 \i0 \qr \intbl \cell \r
ow }}\par
}
}\sect }

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