y
Bases
Bases
Tienen un sabor amargo.
+ -
H O + H O [H O H] + H O
H H H
cido
base
conjugado
H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-
cido base
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 5
conjugada
El producto inico del agua
[H+][OH-]
H2O (l) H+ (ac) + OH- (ac) Kc = [H2O] = constante
[H2O]
Kc[H2O] = Kw = [H+][OH-]
[H+] = 1.3 M
K w 1 x 10 -14
[OH-] = = = 7.7 x 10-15 M
[H+] 1.3
pH = -log [H+]
La solucin es A 250C
neutral [H+] = [OH-] [H+] = 1 x 10-7 pH = 7
cida [H+] > [OH-] [H+] > 1 x 10-7 pH < 7
bsica [H+] < [OH-] [H+] < 1 x 10-7 pH > 7
pH [H+]
pH + pOH = 14.00
pH = -log [H+]
[H+] = 10-pH = 10-4.82 = 1.5 x 10-5 M
[H+][A-]
Ka =
[HA]
Fuerza de
Ka
un cido
dbil
0.0083 M
x 100% = 6.8%
0.122 M
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 21
x2
Ka = = 5.7 x 10-4 x2 + 0.00057x 6.95 x 10-5 = 0
0.122 - x
-b b2 4ac
ax2 + bx + c =0 x=
2a
x = 0.0081 x = - 0.0081
[H+]
Porcentaje de = x 100% [HA]0 = concentracin inicial
ionizacin [HA]0
[NH4+][OH-]
Kb =
[NH3]
Fuerza de
Kb
Bases
Dbiles
Resuelve problemas de bases dbiles
como cidos dbiles, pero resuelve para
[OH-] en vez de [H+].
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 24
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 25
Constantes de ionizacin de pares conjugados cido-base
KaKb = Kw
Kw Kw
Ka = Kb =
Kb Ka
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 26
UNI-FIC Ing. Carmen Reyes 27
Estructura molecular y fuerza de cidos
H X H + + X-
El enlace El cido
ms fuerte ms dbil
H O Cl O H O Br O
Soluciones bsicas:
Sales derivadas de una base fuerte y un cido dbil.
H2O
NaCH3COOH (s) Na+ (ac) + CH3COO- (ac)
H2O
NH4Cl (s) NH4+ (ac) + Cl- (ac)
H H
UNI-FIC cido baseIng. Carmen Reyes 37
cidos y bases de Lewis
F H F H
F B + N H F B N H
F H F H
cido base