VOCATIONAL TRAINING

REPORT

WBSEDCL (ABHIKSHAN BHAWAN,

SALTLAKE)

FROM:-28/12/2015 TO 11/01/2016
VOCATIONAL TRAINING AT WBSEDCL (ABHIKSHAN
BHAVAN,SALTLAKE)

DATE: 28/12/2015 - 11/01/2016

SUBMITTED BY:

NILANJAN BHATTACHARYA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING

NARULA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY,AGARPARA

UNIVERSITY REG.NO:-131270110522

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO:-12701613051

INTRODUCTION
This training report has primarily been prepared on the basis of the
vocational training session underwent at the West Bengal State
Electricity Distribution Company Limited(Abhikshan
Bhawan,saltlake). I hereby take this opportunity to thank West
Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited for providing
me with this opportunity of training. The training has helped me a
lot in understanding certain critical aspects of electrical power
distribution. The training was imparted primarily at :-

1. Relay Testing Department.

2. Transformer Oil Testing Department.
3. Workshop Visit
4.CT/PT Testing Department
5. Sub-station visit(33/11 kv)
6. Meter Testing Department

I would like to thank the following officers and other WBSEDCL staf
who were of immense help to me in the completion of my training at
West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Limited :-
1. The Divisional Engineer, Relay Testing Department.
2. The Divisional Engineer, Oil Testing Department.
3. The Divisional Engineer, CT/PT Testing Department.
4. The Office Staf, Abhikshan Bhavan,Saltlake.
5. The Assistant Engineer,(33/11 KV) substation.
6. The Chief Operator,(33/11 KV) substation.
7. All other technicians & office staf at workshop section.
8. All other technicians & office staf in meter testing section.

Besides, my special thanks goes to the Chief Engineer, Testing

Department, WBSEDCL, Abhikshan Bhavan, saltlake for arranging
several field visits out of his own initiative which has helped me
understand certain important aspects clearly.

FOREWORD
The vocational training in important aspects of electrical power
distribution is imparted to the students pursuing graduation in
Electrical Engineering, based on the applications forwarded to the
Human Resource Development Department by their respective
colleges. The training is imparted in various parts:-
1. Protection system(Relay Testing).
2. Transformer repairing workshop.
3. Transformer Oil Testing.
4. CT/PT Testing.
5. Meter Testing.
6. Sub-station visit(33/11 kv).

The objective of the training is to make the students aware of the distribution
scheme and the operation of the various equipments of the substations etc.
and provide them with a hands-on-experience of handling the necessary
equipments in a substation. Also a sense of the administrative duties of a
Assistant Engineer is also imparted to the students while their training at the
Group Electric Supply Office. Also, the students should be note the way of
dealing with different types of consumer grievances. All the above activities
are done with a view that be they be recruited in West Bengal State
Electricity Distribution Company Limited or any other distribution company,
they should be able to dispense off with their duties as an engineer
efficiently. This training report has been prepared by Mr. RAJAN KUMAR
CHOUDHARY, a student of the NARULA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,KOLKATA,
a college affiliated to the MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY and
recognized by the All India Council Of Technical Education (AICTE), New
Delhi. It was intimated to us by his college authorities that he has appeared
in the fifth semester exams of the B.Tech (Electrical) course. It was observed
that Mr. RAJAN has attended all the training sessions sincerely. I wish him
every success in life.

----------------------------------------------------------
 Chief
Engineer

Testing
Department

WBSEDCL,
( Abhikshan Bhavan)

Saltlake,Kolkata

Date:-

Place:-

-:INDEX:-
1. Report on the training underwent at Relay Testing
Department.

2. Report on the training underwent at

workshop(Transformer repairing).

3. Report on the training underwent at CT/PT Testing

Department.

4. Report on the training underwent at Transformer OIL

Testing Department.

5. Report on the training underwent at sub-station(33/11

kv ).
6. Report on the training underwent at Meter Testing
Department.

1. Report on the training underwent at

Relay Testing Department.

1.Definition of Relay.
2.Types of Relay.
3. Use of Relay.
4. Process of Using Relay.
5. Testing Of Relay.
 Types Of Relay
1. Earth Fault Relay.
2. AC supervision Relay.
3. DC supervision Relay.
4. Master trip Relay.
5. Over Current Relay.
6. Buchholz Relay

2. Report on the training underwent at

workshop(Transformer repairing).

1. Brief Introduction Of Transformer.

2. Visual Analysis of Transformer winding.

3. Visual Analysis of Internal Section Of Transformer.

4. Brief description of Tap Changer and Its Use.

5. Familiarization with oil filtration machine.

-:TRANSFORMER:-
A transformer is a static machine used for transforming power from one
circuit to another without changing frequency.

The history of transformer was commenced in the year 1880. In the year
1950, 400KV electrical power transformer was introduced in high voltage
electrical power system. In the early 1970s, unit rating as large as
1100MVA was produced and 800KV and even higher KV class transformers
were manufactured in year of 1980.

-:TYPES OF TRANSFORMER:-
Transformers can be categorized in different ways, depending upon their
purpose, use, construction etc. The types of transformer are as follows:-

1. Step Up Transformer & Step Down Transformer.

2. Three Phase Transformer & Single Phase Transformer.

3. Electrical Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer & Instrument

Transformer.

4. Two Winding Transformer & Auto Transformer.

5. Outdoor Transformer & Indoor Transformer.

-:CONSTRUCTION:-
1.Core
Transformers for use at power or audio frequencies typically have
cores made of high permeability silicon steel. The steel has a
permeability many times that of free space and the core thus serves
to greatly reduce the magnetizing current and confine the flux to a
path which closely couples the windings. Each lamination is insulated
from its neighbors by a thin non-conducting layer of insulation. The
universal transformer equation indicates a minimum cross-sectional
area for the core to avoid saturation.

2.Windings
The conducting material used for the windings depends upon the
application, but in all cases the individual turns must be electrically
insulated from each other to ensure that the current travels
throughout every turn. For small power and signal transformers, in
which currents are low and the potential difference between adjacent
turns is small, the coils are often wound from enamelled magnet wire,
such as Formvar wire. Larger power transformers operating at high
voltages may be wound with copper rectangular strip conductors
insulated by oil-impregnated paper and blocks of pressboard.

3. Insulation drying

4. Bushings
5. Cooling

3. Report on the training underwent at

CT/PT Testing Department.
1. Brief Introduction of CT & PT.
2. Application of CT & PT.

3. Various Test of CT & PT.

-:Test done with CT:-

1. Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection
2. Insulation Resistance Test
3. Polarity Test
4. Secondary/Loop Resistance Test
5. Burden Test (optional test)
6. Magnetization Curve Test (optional test)
7. Turns Ratio Test (optional test)
8. Primary Injection Test
9. High Voltage Test
10.Commisioning Test

-:Test done with PT:-

1. General inspection
2. Insulation Resistance Test
3. Polarity Test
 4. Transformer Turns ratio test

4. Report on the training underwent at

Transformer OIL Testing Department.
1. Brief description of Transformer Oil.
2. Diferent Methods of Oil Testing.
 -:Transformer Oil:-
Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high
temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is
used in oil-filled transformers, some types of high-voltage capacitors,
fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of high-voltage switches
and circuit breakers.
-:Testing Of Transformer Oil:-
The insulation oil of voltage- and current-transformers fulfills the purpose of
insulating as well as cooling. Thus, the dielectric quality of transformer oil is a
matter of secure operation of a transformer.
As transformer oil deteriorates through aging and moisture ingress, transformer
oil should, depending on economics, transformer duty and other factors, be
tested periodically.
Transformer oil testing sequences and procedures are defined by various
international standards.

-:TYPES OF
TESTI
NG:-
1. Color

2. Dielectric breakdown voltage

3. Flash point, fire point

4. Interfacial tension

5. Karl Fischer moisture

6. Oxidation inhibitor content

7. Relative density (specific gravity)

8. Resistivity

9. Visual examination
 TRANSFORMER OIL TEST CHART (STANDARD
VALUE
)

NAME OF TEST FOR UNUSED OIL FOR USED OIL

Breakdown Voltage 40 (min) 30 (min)

Acidity Test 0.03 (max) 0.3 (max)

Tan Delta (at 90) 0.015 (max) 1.0 (max)

Moisture Content 20 (max) 35 (max)

Sp. Resistivity (at 90) (6*10)^12 cm (0.1*10)^12 cm

5. Report on the training underwent at
sub-station(33/11 kv ).
1.Definition of a substation.
2.Classifications of diferent type of substations
based on
i. Service Requirement
ii. Constructional features
iii. Purpose served.
3.Diagram of a typical power distribution scheme.
4.Basic Information about the (33/11 KV)
substation.
5.List of types of transformers present in the
substation with their purposes.
6.List of the principal regions fed by the 33/11 kv
substation.
7.List of the incoming lines in the substation.
8.Diagram of the distribution scheme observed at
substation.

Specifications of: The power transformers in

use, the new 33 KV incoming breaker, 33 KV P.T
Conditions for parallel operation of 6.3 MVA and 5
MVA transformers, DTR & PTR, Bay, Reasons for
use of pebbles in the bay, the capacitor bank.
Definition of a Relay, figure of basic circuit of a
relay, types of relays used in the 33/11 KV
substation. Definition of a circuit breaker, types of
circuit breakers used in the substation Use of
specialized multipurpose meters, shutdown
register, history book, Meter Reading Instrument
(MRI), Common Meter Reading Instrument (CMRI),
Daily Readings, Battery Room, Relay Lights.
Report on the training underwent at
the group electric supply office and
corresponding field visits:-Important
activities of a group electric supply office. Concept
of ATC loss and its advantages over the concept of
T&D loss, Advantages, Calculation of ATC loss,
Principal Reasons for Technical losses, Principal
Reasons for Commercial losses, Ways of Reduction
of ATC Loss, Observations regarding upgradations
as observed at the supply office and during field
visits, Reasons for the replacement of higher KVA
rating distribution transformers with lower KVA
rating transformer(HVDS system). Use of
Discharging Rod, Meter reading and bill
generation.
Substations: The assembly of apparatus used to
change some characteristics (such as voltage, frequency,
power factor etc) of a electric supply is called substation.
Classifications of diferent types of substations:- i.
Substations are classified into the following types
according to the service requirement :-
(a) Transformer substation
(b) Switching substations.
(c) Frequency Changer substations.
(d) Power Factor Correction Substations.
(e) Converting substations.
(f) Industrial substations.

ii. Substations are classified into the following types

according to the constructional features :-
(a) Indoor Substations
(b) Outdoor Substations
(c) Underground Substations
(d) Pole Mounted Substations.

iii. Substations are classified into the following

types based on the purpose served :-
(a) Step-Up Substation
(b) Primary Grid Substation
(c) Secondary Substation
(d) Distribution Substation
Basic Information on the Saltlake 33/11
KV substation: The substation at the Saltlake
performs the function of stepping down the voltage from
33 KV to 11 KV, i.e. it acts as a step down substation. It
receives the 33 KV voltage from the 132/11 KV substation
under WBSETCL and further steps it down. It receives
power in three phase-three wire scheme and distributes it
via the same scheme. It has, in all, three power
transformers, two transformers of rated capacity 5 MVA
and 3.15 MVA under a scheme called group control and
another standalone transformer of rating 6.3 MVA.

List of types of transformers present in the

substation and their purposes:

Types Purpose
i. 5 MVA, 33/11 KV(Inc-1) Stepping down of
voltage.
ii. 6.3 MVA, 33/11 KV(Inc-2) Stepping down of
voltage.
iii. 3.15 MVA, 33/11 KV(Inc-3) Stepping down of
voltage.
iv. Station Transformer(33/0.4 KV) Stepping down of
voltage.
v. Current transformers in each line For metering
purposes.
vi. Potential Transformers For metering
purposes.

Incoming Lines in the substation:

There are two principal sources or incoming lines in the
substation, as:-

i. Saltlake 132 KV to Circuit One.

ii. Saltlake 132 KV to Circuit Two.

List of the principal regions fed by

the substation:
i. O/G Spare
ii. CRPF
iii. ABHIKSHAN Workshop
iv. ABHIKSHAN
v. Chembiotech
vi. Godrej
vii. SBS Teachers
Distribution Diagram At Saltlake Sub-
station(33/11 kv)

Control Panel At Sub-Station

Bay: The area of the substation consisting of the
transformers, lightning arrestors, isolators circuit
breakers, current transformers, potential
transformers, capacitor bank etc. and other
auxiliary equipments is called a bay. A bay is
completely covered by pebbles. The reason for this
is explained below.
The Capacitor Bank: A newly
commissioned capacitor bank has been installed in
the University Gate substation for the purpose of
power factor improvement. But, due to some fault
in it, it now lies unused.
Use of pebbles in the whole area of the
bay in and around the power
transformers and other auxiliary
equipments:
It was observed that the whole area of the bay was
completely covered by pebbles. The reason for this is to
prevent the step voltage in case of any major fault in the
substation and such that the personnel can work safely.

Battery Room :
The battery room is often referred to as the Heart of a
Substation. The batteries provide the necessary direct
current (D.C.) for operation of the relays to initiate the
tripping of the circuit breakers in case of any fault. In the
battery room of Saltlake substation, there are, in all, 15
cells. Each cell is of 2 volts rating i.e. - in all (15x2=30 V).
The equipments required in the Battery Room are
Hygrometer, Cell Tester etc.

Relay Lights :
The red, blue, green relay lights are so designed that they
operate only on D.C current with the help of a tungsten
plate which maintains contact with them. The plate bends
in case of fault current and thus the lights are turned of
when the relay is activated and the circuit is tripped.
6. Report on the training underwent at
Meter Testing Department.
1.Brief Introduction of diferent types of
meter.
2. Application of various meter.
3.Testing of meter
An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, or energy meter is a device
that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, business,
or an electrically powered device.

Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers premises to measure

electric energy delivered to their customers for billing purposes. They are
typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt
hour [kWh]. They are usually read once each billing period.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may
measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day"
metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during
peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas
meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods

In this section we basically gone through poly phase

meter. These meter are software based having class 0.5 of
type C. Meters are classified in three types Class A,B,C
according to the type of distribution & class C are for
domestic consumer. Here we tested Class C meter of poly
phase by fully software based as well as manually. The
basic objective was to check the accuracy of the meter
and the tempering condition, leading & lagging p.f
condition.
 -:FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK:-

The training, underwent at the WBSEDCL, was imparted to

us in diferent parts.
During the period of training at ABHIKSHAN BHAVAN, the
types of the equipments used in a distribution step down
substation and their function were revealed to us. The
process of charging of lines, the mechanism of tripping of
a circuit breaker with the help of a relay, and recharging
of lines in case of a circuit trip were all observed and
understood clearly. Besides, the use of C.T, P.T for
metering purposes and the diferent types of insulators
like disc, pin, bushings, pedestal etc. were observed. The
process of taking of daily readings was also noted. During
the period of training at the saltlake Supply Office, the
aspects of the implementation of HVDS system in case of
distribution for reduction of ATC losses and use of
challenge meters etc and ways of other public dealings
were clearly understood by us while our training
underwent at the Electric Supply Office. The use of a
boundary meters were also observed during one of our
field visits. Meter readings of Industrial meters were taken
during a field visit to the CRPF sheds. We became
acquainted with the duties of the Assistant Engineer in-
charge of a distribution substation as well as that of the
Station Manager, or the Assistant Engineer in charge of a
Electric Supply Office. If I have the scope and opportunity
to work in the above designation Ill be able to dispense
of with the duties efficiently.
 -:CONCLUSION:-
The training underwent at the West Bengal State
Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) was
an eye opener for us. It provided us with the opportunity
to observe various important aspects of the functioning of
a Distribution system. The functioning of the H.T. & L.T.
distribution system and the billing procedure was
observed and understood. It also made us aware of the
new technologies such as HVDS system, GPS mapping of
transformer locations, on spot billing and use of
computerized Meter Reading Instrument (MRI) that are
slowly and steadily replacing the old ones resulting in loss
reduction and increase in profit. It was very helpful in
understanding the Transformer internally.