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Kalasan - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Kalasan

Coordinates: 7461S 1102822E

Kalasan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kalasan (Indonesian: Candi Kalasan), also known as


Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Kalasan Temple
Java, Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta on
the way to Prambanan temple, on the south side of the
main road 'Jalan Solo' between Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
Administratively, it is located in the Kalasan District of
Sleman Regency.

Contents Kalasan Temple

1 History
2 Architecture
3 In Popular Culture
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Location within Java
General information

History Architectural Buddhist candi


style
According to the Kalasan inscription dated 778 AD, Town or city Kalasan, Sleman Regency,
written in Sanskrit using Pranagari script, the temple was Special Region of Yogyakarta
erected by the will of Guru Sang Raja
Country Indonesia
Sailendravamatilaka (the Jewel of Sailendra family)
who succeeded in persuading Maharaja Tejapurnapana Coordinates 7.770S 110.470E
Panangkaran (in another part of the inscription also called Completed circa 8th century
Kariyana Panangkaran) to construct Tarabhavanam, a
holy building for the goddess (boddhisattvadevi) Client Sailendra
Tara.[1]:89

In addition, a vihara (monastery) was built for buddhist monks from the Sailendra family's realm.
Panangkaran awarded the Kalaa village to sangha (buddhist monastic community).[2] According to the date
of this inscription, Kalasan temple is the oldest of the temples built in the Prambanan Plain.

Despite being renovated and partially rebuilt during the Dutch colonial era, the temple currently is in poor
condition. Compared to other temples nearby such as Prambanan, Sewu, and Sambisari the temple is not
well maintained.

Architecture
The temple stands on square 14.20 meters sub-basement. The temple plan is cross-shaped, and designed as a
twelve-cornered polygon. Each of four cardinal points has stairs and gates adorned with Kala-Makara and
rooms measuring 3,5 square meters. No statue is to be found in the smaller rooms facing north, west, and
south; but the lotus pedestals suggest that the rooms once contains statues of Bodhisattvas. The temple is
richly decorated with buddhist figures such as the Bodhisattva and gana. The Kala Face above the southern

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Kalasan - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasan

door has been photographed


and used by a number of
foreign academics in their
books to give an idea of the
artistry in stone by Central
Javanese artists of a
millennia ago. Niches where
the statues would have been
placed are found inside and
outside the temple. The
niches adorned an outer wall
intricately carved with Kala,
gods and divinities in scenes
depicting the svargaloka,
celestial palace of the gods,
apsaras, and gandharvas.

The roof of the temple is One of the niches on the wall of


designed in three sections. Kalasan temple adorned with
The lower one are still carvings of Kala giant and scene of
The giant Kala's head on the southern according to the polygonal deities in svargaloka
door shape of the body and
contains small niches with
statues of boddhisatvas seated on lotus. Each of this niches is
crowned with stupas. The middle part of the roof is in octagonal (eight sided) shape. Each of this eight sides
adorned with niches contains statue of a Dhyani Buddha flanked by two standing boddhisatvas.[3] The top
part of the roof is almost circular and also have 8 niches crowned with single large dagoba. The octagonal
aspect of the structure has led to speculation of non-buddhist elements in the temple, similar to some
interpretations of the early Borobudur structure.

The temple is facing east, with eastern room also served as access to main central room. In the larger main
room there is lotus pedestal and throne carved with makara, lion, and elephant figure, similar to the Buddha
Vairocana throne founds in Mendut temple. According to the Kalasan inscription, the temple once houses
the large (probably reaching 4 meters tall) statue of the Boddhisattvadevi Tara. By the design of the throne,
most probably the statue of the goddess was in seated position and made from bronze.[4] Now the statue is
missing, probably the same fate as bronze Buddha statue in Sewu temple, being looted for scrap metal over
centuries.

On the outer wall of the temple found the traces of plaster called vajralepa (lit: diamond plaster). The same
substance also founds in nearby Sari temple. The white-yellowish plaster was applied to protect the temple
wall, but now the plaster has worn off.

The temple is located on archaeologically rich Prambanan plain. Just a few hundred meters north east from
Kalasan temple is located Sari temple. Candi Sari most probably was the monastery mentioned in Kalasan
inscription. Further east lies the Prambanan complex, Sewu temple, and Plaosan temple.

In Popular Culture
In December 2016, the fourth expansion of popular Real-time strategy PC games from Microsoft, Age
of Empires II titled 'Rise of the Rajas' featured Candi Kalasan as Wonders of Malay Civilization.[5]

See also

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Kalasan - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasan

Candi of Indonesia

Notes
1. Coeds, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing.
University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
2. Soetarno, Drs. R. second edition (2002). "Aneka Candi Kuno di Indonesia" (Ancient Temples in Indonesia), pp.
41. Dahara Prize. Semarang. ISBN 979-501-098-0.
3. Soetarno, Drs. R. second edition (2002). "Aneka Candi Kuno di Indonesia" (Ancient Temples in Indonesia), pp.
45. Dahara Prize. Semarang. ISBN 979-501-098-0.
4. Drs. R. Soekmono, (1988) [1973]. Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2 (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: Penerbit
Kanisius. p. 43.
5. "Malay | Forgotten Empires". www.forgottenempires.net. Retrieved 2017-01-16.

References
Holt, Claire. (1967) Art in Indonesia : continuities and change. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
ISBN 0-8014-0188-7
Roy E. Jordaan (1998), The Tr temple of Kalasan in Central Java, PERSEE, retrieved 15 January
2014

External links
Kalasan Temple (http://www.berhatinyaman.com/kalasan-
Wikimedia Commons has
temple/) media related to Kalasan.
Official site (https://web.archive.org/web/20090603084300
/http://www.borobudurpark.co.id/en-kalasan.html)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalasan&oldid=778145819"

Categories: Buddhist temples in Indonesia Shailendra dynasty Archaeological sites in Indonesia


Sleman Regency Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Yogyakarta

This page was last edited on 1 May 2017, at 12:11.


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