Chapter-2: Slope Deflection Method

By Prof. H.P.Sudarshan
Sri Siddhartha Institute Of Tech,
Tumkur
Example: Analyze the propped cantilever shown by using slope defection
method. Then draw Bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution: End A is fixed hence A =0

End B is Hinged hence B 0

Assume both ends are fixed and therefore fixed end moments are
wL2 wL2
FAB , FBA
12 12

The Slope deflection equations for final moment at each end are
MAB FAB
2EI
2A B
L
wL2 2EI
B (1)
12 L
MBA FBA
2EI
2B A
L
wL2 4EI
B ( 2)
12 L

In the above equations there is only one unknown B .

To solve we have boundary condition at B;
Since B is simply supported, the BM at B is zero
ie. MBA=0.
wL2 4EI
From equation (2) MBA B 0
12 L
wL3
EIB - ve sign indicates the rotation is anticlockw ise
48
 Substituting the value of EIB in equation (1) and (2) we have end moments
wL2 2 wL3 wL2
MAB - ve sign indicates moment is anticlockw ise
12 L 48 8
wL2 4 wL3
MBA 0
12 L 48

MBA has to be zero, because it is hinged.

Now consider the free body diagram of the beam and find reactions using
equations of equilibrium.

MB 0
L
R A L MAB wL
2
wL2 L 5
wL wL
8 2 8
5
R A wL
8
V 0
R A RB wL
5
RB wL R A wL wL
8
3
wL
8
Problem can be treated as

The bending moment diagram for the given problem is as below

 The max BM occurs where SF=0. Consider SF equation at a distance of x
from right support
3
SX wL wX 0
8
3
X L
8
3
Hence the max BM occurs at L from support B
8
2
3 3 w 3
Mmax MX wL L L
8 8 2 8
9
wL2
128

And point of contra flexure occurs where BM=0, Consider BM equation at

a distance of x from right support.
3 X2
MX wLX w 0
8 2
3
X L
4

For shear force diagram, consider SF equation from B

3
S X wL wX
8
3
S X 0 SB wL
8
5
S X L S A wL
8
Example: Analyze two span continuous beam ABC by slope deflection method.
Then draw Bending moment & Shear force diagram. Take EI constant

Solution: Fixed end moments are:

Wab 2 100 4 22
FAB 44.44KNM
L2 62
Wa 2b 100 42 2
FBA 88.89KNM
L2 62
wL2 20 52
FBC 41.67KNM
12 12
wL2 20 52
FCB 41.67KNM
12 12

Since A is fixed A 0 , B 0, C 0,

Slope deflection equations are:

MAB FAB
2EI
2 A B
L
2EI
44.44 B
6
1
44.44 EI B (1)
3
MBA FBA
2EI
2B A
L
2EI 2B
88.89
6
2
88.89 EIB ( 2)
3
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
41.67
2EI
2B C
5
4 2
41.67 EIB EIC (3 )
5 5
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
41.67
2EI
2C B
5
4EI 2
41.67 C EIB ( 4)
5 5
In all the above four equations there are only two unknown B and C . And
accordingly the boundary conditions are

i -MBA-MBC=0
MBA+MBC=0
ii MCB=0 since C is end simply support.
2 4 2
Now MBA MBC 88.89 EIB 41.67 EIB EIC
3 5 5
22 2
47.22 EIB EIC 0 (5)
15 5
2 4
MCB 41.67 EIB EIC 0 (6)
5 5
Solving simultaneous equations 5 & 6 we get
EI B = 20.83 Rotation anticlockwise.
EI C = 41.67 Rotation anticlockwise.

Substituting in the slope definition equations

MAB = 44.44 + 20.83 51.38 KNM
1
3
MBA = + 88.89 + 20.83 75.00 KNM
2
3
 MBC = 41.67+
4
20.83 2 41.67 75.00 KNM
5 5
MCB = + 41.67+ 20.83 41.67 0
2 4
5 5

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of the beam.

Find reactions using equations of equilibrium.

Span AB: MA = 0 RB6 = 1004+75-51.38

RB = 70.60 KN
V = 0 RA+RB = 100KN
RA = 100-70.60=29.40 KN
5
Span BC: MC = 0 RB5 = 205 +75
2
RB = 65 KN

V=0 RB+RC = 205 = 100KN

RC = 100-65 = 35 KN
Using these data BM and SF diagram can be drawn.
Max BM:
Span AB: Max BM in span AB occurs under point load and can be found
geometrically

Mmax=113.33-51.38 -
75 51.38 4 46.20 KNM
6
Span BC:Max BM in span BC occurs where shear force is zero or
changes its sign. Hence consider SF equation w.r.t C
35
Sx = 35-20x = 0 x =1.75m
20
Max BM occurs at 1.75m from C

1.75 2
Mmax = 35 1.75 20 = 30.625 KNM
2
Example: Analyze continuous beam ABCD by slope deflection method and then
draw bending moment diagram. Take EI constant.

Solution:

A 0, B 0, C 0

Wab 2 100 4 22
FEMS F AB - 44.44 KN M
L2 62
Wa 2b 100 42 2
FBA 88.88 KNM
L2 62
wL2 20 5 2
F BC - 41.67 KNM
12 12
wL2 20 5 2
F CB 41.67 KNM
12 12
FCD 20 1.5 - 30 KN M

Slope deflection equations:

MAB F AB
2EI
2A B 44.44 1 EIB - - - - - - - -- 1
L 3

MBA FBA
2EI
2B A 88.89 2 EIB - - - - - - - -- 2
L 3

MBC FBC
2EI
2B C 41.67 4 EIB 2 EIC - - - - - - - - 3
L 5 5

MCB FCB
2EI
2C B 41.67 4 EIC 2 EIB - - - - - - - - 4
L 5 5
MCD 30 KNM
In the above equations we have two unknown rotations B and C , accordingly
the boundary conditions are:
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0

2 4 2
Now, MBA MBC 88.89 EIB 41.67 EIB EIC
3 5 5
- - - - - - - - 5
22 2
47.22 EIB EIC 0
15 5

4 2
And, MCB MCD 41.67 EIC EIB 30
5 5
6
2 4
11.67 EIB EIC
5 5

Solving (5) and (6) we get

EI B 32.67 Rotation @ B anticlockw ise

EI C 1.75 Rotation @ B clockwise

Substituting value of EIB and EIC in slope deflection equations we have

MAB 44.44 32.67 61.00 KNM

1
2
MBA 88.89 32.67 67.11 KNM
2
3
MBC 41.67 32.67 1.75 67.11 KNM
4 2
5 5
MCB 41.67 1.75 32.67 30.00 KNM
4 2
5 5
MCD 30 KNM
Reactions: Consider free body diagram of beam AB, BC and CD as shown
 Span AB
RB 6 100 4 67.11 61
RB 67.69 KN
R A 100 RB 32.31 KN

Span BC
5
RC 5 20 5 30 67.11
2
RC 42.58 KN
RB 20 5 RB 57.42 KN

Maximum Bending Moments:

Span AB: Occurs under point load

67.11 61
Max 133.33 61 4 68.26 KNM
6
Span BC: where SF=0, consider SF equation with C as reference

S X 42.58 20 x 0
42.58
x 2.13 m
20
2.13 2
Mmax 42.58 2.13 20 30 15.26 KN M
2
Example: Analyse the continuous beam ABCD shown in figure by slope
deflection method. The support B sinks by 15mm.
Take E 200 105 KN / m2 and I 120 10 6 m4

Solution:

In this problem A =0, B 0, C 0, =15mm

FEMs:
Wab 2
FAB 44.44 KNM
L2
Wa 2 b
FBA 88.89 KNM
L2
wL2
FBC 41.67 KNM
8
wL2
FCB 41.67 KNM
8

FEM due to yield of support B

For span AB:

6EI
mab mba
L2
6 200 15
2
105 120 10 6 6 KNM
6 1000
For span BC:
6EI
mbc mcb
L2
6 200 15
2
105 120 10 6 8.64KNM
5 1000
Slope deflection equation

2EI 3
MAB F AB (2 A B )
L L
6EI
F AB 2 A B 2
EI
L L
1
- 44.44 EIB 6
3
- - - - - - - -- 1
1
50.44 EIB
3
2EI 6EI
MBA FBA (2B A ) 2
L L
2
88.89 EIB 6
3
- - - - - - - -- 2
2
82.89 EIB
3
2EI 6EI
MBC FBC (2B C ) 2
L L
- 41.67 EI2B C 8.64
2
5
- - - - - - - -- 3
4 2
33.03 EIB EIC
5 5
2EI 6EI
MCB FCB (2C B ) 2
L L
41.67 EI2C B 8.64
2
5
- - - - - - - -- 4
4 2
50.31 EIC EIB
5 5
MCD 30 KNM - - - - - - - -- 5
There are only two unknown rotations B and C . Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
Now, MBA MBC 49.86 22 EI B 2 EI C 0
15 5
2 4
MCB MCD 20.31 EI B EI C 0
5 5
Solving these equations we get
EI B 31.35 Anticl ockwise
EI C 9.71 Anticl ockwise
Substituting these values in slope deflections we get the final moments:

MAB 50.44
1
31.35 60.89 KNM
3
MBA 82.89 31.35 61.99 KNM
2
3
MBC 33.03 31.35 9.71 61.99 KNM
4 2
5 5
MCB 50.31 9.71 31.35 30.00 KNM
4 2
5 5
MCD 30 KNM

Consider the free body diagram of continuous beam for finding reactions
Reactions:

Span AB:
RB 6 = 100 x 4 + 61.99 60.89
RB = 66.85
RA = 100 RB
=33.15 KN
Span BC:
5
RB 5 = 20 x 5 x + 61.99 30
2
RB = 56.40 KN
RC = 20 x 5 - RB
=43.60 KN
Example: Three span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and continuous over
B, C and D. The beam subjected to loads as shown. Analyse the beam by slope
deflection method and draw bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution:

Since end A is fixed A 0, B 0, c 0, D 0

FEMs:
Wl 60 4
F AB - 30 KNM
8 8
Wl 60 4
FBA 30 KNM
8 8
M
FBC 12.5 KNM
4
M
FCB 12.5 KNM
4
wl2 10 42
FCD - 13.3 3 KNM
12 12
wl2 10 42
FDC 13.33 KNM
12 12

Slope deflection equations:

M AB F AB
2EI
2 A B
L
- 30
2EI
0 B
4
- 30 0.5EIB - - - - - - - - 1
MBA F BA
2EI
2B A
L
30
2EI
2B 0
4
30 EIB - - - - - - - -- 2
 MBC F BC
2EI
2B C
L
12.5
2EI
2B C
4
12.5 EIB 0.5EIC - - - - - - - -- 3

MCB F CB
2EI
2 C B
L
12.5
2EI
2 C B
4
12.5 EIC 0.5 EIB - - - - - - - -- 4

MCD F CD
2EI
2 C D
L
- 13.33
2EI
2 C D
4
13.33 EI C 0.5EI D - - - - - - - - - - 5

2EI
MDC F DC 2D C
L
13.33
2EI
2D C
4
13.33 0.5EI C EI D - - - - - - - - - - 6

In the above Equations there are three unknowns, EI B ,EI C & EI D ,

accordingly the boundary conditions are:
i MBA MBC 0
ii MCB MCD 0
iii MDC 0 ( hinged)

Now
MBA MBC 0
30 EIB 12.5 EIB 0.5EIC 0
2EIB 0.5EIC 42.5 0 7

MCB MBC 0
12.5 EIC 0.5EIB 13.33 EIC 0.5EID 0
0.5EIB 2EIC 0.5EID 0.83 0 8
MDC 0
13.33 0.5EIC EID 0 9
By solving (7), (8) & (9), we get

EI B 24.04
EI C 11.15
EI D 18.90

By substituting the values of B , c and D in respective equations we get

MAB 30 0.5 24.04 42.02 KNM

MBA 30 24.04 5.96 KNM
MBC 12.5 - 24.04 0.5 11.15 - 5.96 KNM
MCB 12.5 11.15 0.5 24.04 11.63 KNM
MCD 13.33 11.15 0.5 18.90 11.63 KNM
MDC 13.33 0.511.15 18.90 0 KNM

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of beam.

Beam AB:
60 2 5.96 42.02
RB 20.985 KN
4
R A 60 RB 30.015 KN

Beam BC:
11.63 50 5.96
RC 13.92 KN
4
RB RC 13.92 KN RB is downward

Beam CD:
10 4 2 11.63
RD 17.09 KN
4
RC 10 4 RD 22.91 KN
Example: Analyse the continuous beam shown using slope deflection method.
Then draw bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution: In this problem A 0, end A is fixed

FEMs:
wl2 10 82
F AB - 53.33 KNM
12 12
wl2
FBA 53.33 KNM
12
Wl 30 6
FBC - 22.50 KNM
8 8
WL
FCD 22.50 KNM
8

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
M AB F AB 2 A B
L
2E 3I
- 53.33 0 B
8
- - - - - - - - 1
3
- 53.33 EIB
4

2EI
MBA F BA 2B A
L
2E 3I
53.33 2B 0
8
- - - - - - - - 2
3
53.33 EIB
2
 MBC F BC
2EI
2B C
L
- 22.5
2E2I
2B C
6
- - - - - - - - 3
4 2
- 22.5 EIB EIC
3 3

2EI
MCB F CB 2 C B
L
22.5
2E2I
2 C B
6
- - - - - - - - 4
4 2
22.5 EIC EIB
3 3

In the above equation there are two unknown B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are:
i MBA MBC 24 0
ii MCB 0
3 4 2
Now, MBA MBC 24 53.33 EIB 22.5 EIB EIC 24
2 3 3
5
17 2
54.83 EIB EIC 0
6 3

4 2
and MCB 22.5 EIC EIB 0
3 3

2 1
EIC 11.25 EIB - - - - - - - - - -- (6)
3 3

Substituting in eqn. (5)

17 1
54.83 EIB 11.25 EIB 0
6 3
15
44.58 EIB 0
6
44.58 6
EIB 17.432 rotation anticlockwise
15
 from equation (6)
3
11.25 17.432
1
EIC
2 3
8.159 rotation anticlockw ise

Substituting EIB 17.432 and EIC 8.159 in the slope deflection equation
we get Final Moments:
MAB 53.33 - 17.432 -66.40 KNM
3
4
MBA 53.33 17.432 27.18 KNM
3
2

MBC 22.5
4
17.432 2 8.159 51.18 KNM
3 3
MCB 22.5 8.159 ( 17.432) 0.00
4 2
3 3

Reactions: Consider free body diagram of beams as shown

Span AB:
27.18 66.40 10 8 4
RB 35.13 KN
8
R A 10 8 RB 44.87 KN

Span BC:
51.18 30 3
RB 23.53 KN
6
RC 30 RB 6.47 KN
Max BM

Span AB: Max BM occurs where SF=0, consider SF equation with A as origin

S x 44.87 - 10x 0
x 4.487 m
4.487 2
M max 44.87 4.487 10 64 36.67 KNM
2
Span BC: Max BM occurs under point load
51.18
BC Mmax 45 19.41 KN M
2
Example: Analyse the beam shown in figure. End support C is subjected to an
anticlockwise moment of 12 KNM.

Solution: In this problem A 0, end is fixed

FEMs:
wl2 20 42
FBC 26.67 KNM
12 12
wl2
FCB 26.67 KNM
12

Slope deflection equations:

M AB F AB
2EI
2 A B
L
0
2E2I
0 B
4
EIB - - - - - - - -- 1
MBA F BA
2EI
2B A
L
0
2E2I
2B 0
4
2EIB - - - - - - - -- 2
MBC F BC
2EI
2B C
L
2E 1.5I
- 26.67 2B C
4
- - - - - - - -- 3
3 3
- 26.67 EIB EIC
2 4
MCB F CB
2EI
2 C B
L
2E 1.5I
26.67 2C B
4
- - - - - - - -- 4
3 3
26.67 EIC EIB
2 4
In the above equation there are two unknowns B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB 12 0
3 3
Now, MBA MBC 2EIB 26.67 EIB EIC
2 4
7 3
EIB EIC 26.67 0 - - - - - - - -- (5)
2 4
3 3
and, MCB 12 26.67 EIC EIB 12
2 4
3 3
38.67 EIB EIC 0 - - - - - - - -- (6)
4 2
From (5) and (6)
7 3
EIB EIC 26.67 0
2 4
3 3
EIB EIC 19.33 0
8 4
25
EIB 46 0
8
8
EIB 46 14.72
25
From (6)

2
38.67 14.72
3
EIC
3 4
33.14 - ve sign indicates rotation anticlockw ise

Substituti ng EIB and EIC is slope deflection equations

MAB EIB 14.72 KNM

MBA 2EIB 2(14.72) 29.42 KNM

(14.72) 33.14 29.44 KNM

3 3
MBC 26.67
2 4
3 3
MCB 26.67 ( 33.14 ) (14.72) 12 KNM
2 4
Reaction: Consider free body diagrams of beam

Span AB:
14.72 29.44
RB 11.04 KN
4
R A RB 11.04 KN
Span BC:
29.44 12 20 4 2
RB 50.36 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 29.64 KN
Example: Analyse the simple frame shown in figure. End A is fixed and ends B &
C are hinged. Draw the bending moment diagram.

Solution:
In this problem A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0,

FEMS:-
Wab 2 120 2 42
FAB 106.67 KNM
L2 62
Wa 2b 120 22 4
FBA 53.33 KNM
L2 62
wl2 20 42
FBC 26.67 KNM
12 12
wl2 20 42
FCB 26.67 KNM
12 12
WL 20 4
FCD 10 KNM
8 8
WL
FDB 10 KNM
8

Slope deflections are

MAB FAB
2EI
2A B
L
106.67
2E2I
B 106.67 2 EIB (1 )
6 3
 MBA FBA
2EI
2B B
L
53.33
2E2I
2B 53.33 4 EIB (2 )
6 3
MBC FCB
2EI
2B C
L
2B C 26.67 EIB EIC
2E 3I 3 3
26.67 (3 )
4 2 2 4
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
2C B 26.67 EIC EIB
2E 3I 3 3
26.67 (4 )
4 2 2 4

MBD FBD
2EI
2B D
L
10
2EI
2B D 10 EIB 1 EID (5 )
4 2
MDB FDB
2EI
2D B
L
10
2EI
2D B 10 EID 1 EIB (6 )
4 2

In the above equations we have three unknown rotations B , C , D accordingly

we have three boundary conditions.
MBA MBC MBD 0
MCB 0 Since C and D are hinged
MDB 0
Now
4 3 3 1
MBA MBC MBD 53.33 EIB 26.67 EIB EIC 10 EIB EID
3 2 4 2
23 3 1
36.66 EIB EIC EID 0 - - - -- (7)
6 4 2
3 3
MCB 26.67 EIB EIC 0 - - - -- (8)
4 2
1
MDB 10 EIB EID 0 - - - -- (9)
2
Solving equations 7, 8, & 9 we get

EIB 8.83
EIC 13.36
EID 14.414
Substituting these values in slope equations
2
M AB 106.67 ( 8.83 ) 112.56 KNM
3
4
MBA 53.33 ( 8.83 ) 41.56 KNM
3
3 3
MBC 26.67 ( 8.3) ( 13.36 ) 49.94 KNM
2 4
3 3
M CB 26.67 ( 13.36 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2 4
1
MBD 10 ( 8.83 ) ( 14.414 ) 8.38 KNM
2
1
MDB 10 (14.414 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2
Reactions: Consider free body diagram of each members

Span AB:
41.56 112.56 120 2
RB 28.17 KN
6
R A 120 RB 91.83 KN

Span BC:
49.94 20 4 2
RB 52.485 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 27.515 KN

Column BD:
20 2 8.33
HD 7.92 KN
4
HB 12.78 KN HA HD 20
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure and also drawn bending
moment and shear force diagram

Solution:
Symmetrical problem
- Sym frame + Sym loading
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0

FEMS

W 1ab 2 W 2 cd2
FBC
L2 L2
80 2 42 80 4 22
- 106.67 KNM
62 62
Wa 2b W 2 c 2d
FCB 106.67 KNM
L2 L2

Slope deflection equations:

MAB F AB
2EI
2A B 0 2EI 0 B 1 EIB - - - - - - - - 1
L 4 2
MBA FBA
2EI
2B A 0 2B 0 EIB
2EI
- - - - - -- 2
L 4
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
(2B C ) 106.67 EIB EIC - - - - - - 3
2E2I 4 2
106.67
6 3 3
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
(2C B ) 106.67 EIC EIB - - - - - - 4
2E2I 4 2
106.67
6 3 3
MCD FCD
2EI
2C D
L
- - - - - -- 5
2EI
0 (2C 0) EIC
4

MDC FDC
2EI
2D C
L
- - - - - -- 6
2EI 1
0 (0 C ) EIC
4 2

In the above equation there are two unknown rotations. Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
7 2
Now MBA MBC 106.67 EIB EIC 0 - - - - - -- (7)
3 3
2 7
MCB MCD 106.67 EIB EIC 0 - - - - - -- (8)
3 3

Multiply by (7) and (8) by 2

49 14
746.69 EIB EIC 0
3 3
subtracts
4 14
213.34 EIB EIC 0
3 3
45
- 960.03 EIB 0
3
3
EIB 960.03 64 Clockwise
45
Using equation (7)
3 7
EIC 106.67 EIB
2 3
3 7
- 106.67 64 64 Anticlo ckwise
2 3

Here we find B C . It is obvious because the problem is symmetrical.

Final moments are

64
M AB 32 KNM
2
MBA 64 KNM

64 64 64 KNM
4 2
MBC 106.67
3 3
MCB 106.67 ( 64 ) 64 64 KNM
4 2
3 3
MCD 64 KNM
1
MDC 64 -32 KNM
2
Consider free body diagrams of beam and columns as shown

By symmetrical we can write

R A RB 60 KNM
RD RC 80 KNM

Now consider free body diagram of column AB

Apply
MB 0
HA 4 64 32
HA 24 KN

Similarly from free body diagram of column CD

Apply
MC 0
HA 4 64 32
HD 24 KN
Check:
H 0
HA HD 0
Hence okay

Note: Since symmetrical, only half frame may be analysed. Using first three
equations
and taking B C
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:

This is a symmetrical frame and unsymmetrically loaded, thus it is an

unsymmetrical problem and there is a sway
Assume sway to right.
Here A 0,D 0,B 0,D 0

FEMS:
Wab 2 80 5 32
FBC 56.25 KNM
L2 82
Wa 2b 80 52 3
FCB 93.75 KNM
L2 82

Slope deflection equations

2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3 1
- - - - - - - - 1
3
0 0 B EIB EI
4 4 2 8
2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
- - - - - - - - 2
3
0 2B 0 EIB EI
4 4 8
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
56.25
2EI
2B C 56.25 1 EIB 1 EIC - - - - - - - -- 3
8 2 4
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
93.75
2EI
2C B 93.75 1 EIC 1 EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
8 2 4
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2EI 3
- - - - - - - -- 5
3
0 2C 0 EIC EI
4 4 8
2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2EI 3 1
- - - - - - - -- 6
3
0 0 C EIC EI
4 4 2 8

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC 0 Jo int conditions

MCB MCD 0
HA HD PH 0 - - - Shear condition
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e, 0
4 4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
3 1 1
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 56.25 EIB EIC 0
8 2 4
7
3 1 3
56.25 EIB EIC EI 0
2 4 8
1 1 3
And, MCB MCD 93.75 EIC EIB EIC EI 0
2 4 8
8
1 3 3
93.75 EIB EIC EI 0
4 2 8
 1 3 3 3
And, MAB MBA MCD MDC EIB EI EIB EI EIC EI
2 8 8 8
1 3
EIC EI
2 8`
9
3 3 3
EIB EIC EI 0
2 2 2
From (9) EI EIB EIC
Substitute in (7) & (8)

Eqn (7)

EIB EIC EIB EIC 0

3 1 3
56.25
2 4 8
- - - - - -- 10
9 1
56.25 EIB EIC 0
8 8
Eqn(8)

EIB EIC EIB EIC 0

1 3 3
93.75
4 2 8
- - - - - - - - - - 11
1 9
93.75 EIB EIC 0
8 8

Solving equations (10) & (11) we get EIB 41.25

By Equation (10)
9
EIC 8 56.25 EIB
8
9
8 56.25 41.25 78.75
8
EI EIB EIC 41.25 78.75 37.5
Hence

EIB 41.25, EIC 78.75, EI 37.5

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have
 1
M AB 41.25 3 37.5 34.69 KNM
2 8
3
MBA 41.25 37.5 55.31 KNM
8
1 1
MBC 56.25 41.25 78.75 55.31 KNM
2 4
1 1
M CB 93.75 78.75 41.75 64.69 KNM
2 4
3
M CD 78.75 37.5 64.69 KNM
8
1 3
MDC 78.75 37.5 25.31 KNM
2 8

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
34.69 55.31
HA 22.5 KN
4

Span BC:
55.31 64.69 80 3
RB 28.83 KN
8
RC 80 RB 51.17

Column CD:
64.69 25.31
HD 22.5
4
Check:

H = 0
HA + HD = 0
22.5 22.5 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Frame ABCD is subjected to a horizontal force of 20 KN at joint C as
shown in figure. Analyse and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:

Frame is Symmetrical and unsymmetrical loaded hence there is a sway.

Assume sway towards right

FEMS
F AB F BA F BC F CB F CD F DC 0

Slope deflection equations are

2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
B
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 1
2 2
EIB EI
3 3
2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
2B
3 3

2
4 2
EIB EI
3 3
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L

2EI
2B C
4
EIB 0.5 EIC - - - - - - - - 3

MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L

2EI
2C B
4
EIC 0.5 EIB - - - - - - - - 4
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2EI 3
2C
3 3

5
4 2
EIC EI
3 3
2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2 EI 3
c
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 6
2 2
EIC EI
3 3

The unknown are B, , C & . Accordingl y the boundary conditions are

I. MBA MBC 0
I I. MCB MCD 0
III. HA HD 20 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e, 20 0
3 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 60 0

4 2
Now MBA MBC EIB EI EIB 0.5EIC
3 3
EIB 0.5EIC EI 0 7
7 2
3 3
 4 2
and MCB MCD EIC 0.5EIB EIC EI
3 3
0.5EIB EIC EI 0 8
7 2
3 3

2 2 4 2 4
and MAB MBA MCD MDC 60 EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
EI EIC EI 60
3 3 3
2EIB 2EIC EI 60 0 9
8
3

Solving (7).(8) & (9) we get

EI B 8.18,
EI C 8.18,
EI 34.77

Substituting the value of B , C and in slope deflection equations

MAB
2
8.18 2 34.77 17.73 KNM
3 3
MBA 8.18 34.77 12.27 KNM
4 2
3 3
MBC 0 8.18 0.5 8.18 12.27 KNM
MCB 0.5 8.18 8.18 12.27 KNM

MCD
4
8.18 2 34.77 12.27 KNM
3 3
MDC 8.18 34.77 17.73 KNM
2 2
3 3
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of the members

Member AB:
17.73 12.27
HA 10 KN
3
Member BC:

12.27 12.27
RC 6.135 KN
4
RB RC 6.135 KN - ve sign indicates direction of RB downwards
Member CD:

17.73 12.27
HD 10 KN - ve sign indicates the direction of HD is left to right
3

Check: H = 0
HA + HD + P = 0
+10 + 10 20 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame subjected to loads as shown. Also draw
bending moment diagram.

The frame is symmetrical but loading is unsymmetrical. Hence there is a sway.

Assume sway towards right. In this problem A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMs:
wl2 10 42
F AB - 13.33 KNM
12 12
wl2 10 42
FBA 13.33 KNM
12 12
wl 90 10
FBC - 112.5 KNM
8 8
wl 90 10
FCB 112.5 KNM
8 8
Slope deflection equations:
2EI 3
M AB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
- 13.33 0 B
4 4
- 13.33 0.5 EIB 0.375 EI - - - - - - - -- 1
2EI 3
MBA F BA 2 B A
L L
2EI 3
13.33 2B 0
4 4
13.33 EIB 0.375 EI - - - - - - - -- 2
 MBC F BC
2EI
2B C
L
- 112.5
2E3I
2B C
10
- 112.5 1.2EI B 0.6EIC - - - - - - - -- 3

MCB F CB
2EI
2 C B
L
112.5
2E3I
2 C B
10
112.5 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
2EI 3
MCD F CD 2 C D
L L
2EI 3
0 2 C 0
4 4
EI C 0.375 EI - - - - - - - -- 5
2EI 3
MDC F DC 2 D C
L L
2EI 3
0 0 2 C
4 4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI - - - - - - - -- 6

There are 3 unknowns EIB, EIC and EI , accordingly the boundary conditions
are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 40 0

4
Here HA 4 MAB MBA 10 4
2
MAB MBA 80
HA
4
and HD 4 MCD MBC
MCD MDC
HD
4
MAB MBA 80 MCD MDC
40 0
4 4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 80 0
 Now MBA + MBC = 0
13.33EIB 0.375EI 112.5 1.2EIB 0.6EIC 0
2.2EIB 0.6EIC 0.375EI 99.17 0 - - - - - - - - (7)
and MCB MDC 0 4 5
112.5 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 0
112.5 2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI 0 - - - - - - - - (8)
also MAB MBA MCB MDC 80 0
13.33 0.5EIB 0.375EI 13.33 EIB 0.375EI EIC 0.375EI
0.5EIC 0.375EI 80 0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC -1.5EI 80 0 - - - - - - - -- (9)

By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B 72.65
EI C 59.64
EI 66.34

Final moments:
MAB 13.33 0.572.65 0.375 66.34 -1.88 KNM
MBA 72.65 0.37566.34 61.10 KNM
MBC 112.5 1.272.65 0.6 59.64 61.10 KNM
MCB 112.5 1.2 59.64 0.672.65 84.52 KNM
MCD 59.64 0.375(66.34 ) 84.52 KNM
MDC 0.5( 59.64 ) 0.375(66.34 ) 54.70 KNM
Reactions: Consider the free body diagrams of various members

Member AB:

61.10 1.88 10 4 2
HA
4
5.195 KN - ve sign indicates direction of HA is from right to left

Member BC:
84.52 61.10 90 5
RC 47.34 KN
10
RB 90 RC 38.34 KN

Member CD
84.54 54.7
HD 34.81 KN
4
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +10 4 = 0
-5.20 - 34.81+ 40 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:

Since the columns have different moment of inertia, it is an unsymmetrical

frame. Assume sway towards right

FEMS:
WL 80 6
FBC 60 KNM
8 8
WL
FCB 60 KNM
8
Here A 0, D 0

Slope deflection equations

2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3 1
- - - - - - - - 1
3
0 0 B EIB EI
4 4 2 8
2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
- - - - - - - - 2
3
0 2B 0 EIB EI
4 4 8
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
60
2E2I
2B C 60 4 EIB 2 EIC - - - - - - - -- 3
6 3 3
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
60
2E2I
2C B 60 2 EIB 4 EIC - - - - - - - -- 4
6 3 3
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2E2I 3
- - - - - - - -- 5
3
0 2C 0 2EIC EI
4 4 4
2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2E2I 3
- - - - - - - -- 6
3
0 0 C EIC EI
4 4 4

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0 Jo int conditions
HA HD 0 - - - Shear condition
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e, 0
4 4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0

3 4 2
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 60 EIB EIC 0
8 3 3
7
7 2 3
60 EIB EIC EI 0
3 3 8

2 4 3
And, MCB MCD 60 EIB EIC 2EIC EI 0
3 3 4
8
2 10 3
EIB EIC EI 60 0
3 3 4
 1 3 3 3
And, MAB MBC MCD MDC EIB EI EIB EI 2EIC EI
2 8 8 4
3
EIC EI
4
9
3 9
EIB 3EIC EI 0
2 4

4 3
From (9) EI EIB 3EIC
9 2
Substituti ng value of EI in (7)

7 2 3 4 3
EIB EIC EIB 3EIC 60 0
3 3 8 9 2
7 2 1 1
EIB EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3 3 4 2
- - - - - -- 10
25 1
EIB EIC 60 0
12 6

Substituting value of EI in (8)

2 10 3 4 3
EIB EIC EIB 3EIC 60 0
3 3 8 9 2
2 10 1
EIB EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3 3 2
- - - - - -- 11
1 7
EIB EIC 60 0
6 3

Solving (10) & (11) we get EI B =31.03

By Equation (11)
3 1
EIC EIB 60
7 6
27.3
Now

4 3
EI EIB 3EIC 16.55
9 2
Now
EI B =31.03, EIC 27.3 , EI 16.55
 Substituting these values in slope deflection equations,
The final moments are:
MAB 31.03 16.55 21.72 KNM
1 3
2 8
MBA 31.03 16.55 37.24 KNM
3
8
MBC 60 31.03 27.93 37.25 KNM
4 2
3 3
MCB 60 31.03 27.93 43.43 KNM
2 4
3 3
3
MCD 2( 27.93) ( 16.55) 43.45 KNM
4
MDC 27.93 16.55 15.52 KNM
3
4

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
37.25 21.72
HA 14.74 KN
4

Beam BC:
37.25 43.45 80 3
RB 38.97 KN
6
RC 80 RB 41.03

Column CD:
43.45 15.52
HD 14.74 KN
4

Check:

H = 0
HA + HD = 0
14.74-14.74=0

Hence okay
Ex: Portal frame shown is fixed at ends A and D, the joint B is rigid and joint C is
hinged. Analyse the frame and draw BMD.

Solution:

FEMs:
WL 80 6
FBC 60KNM
8 8
WL 80 6
FCB 60KNM
8 8
Here A 0, D 0, B 0, CB 0, CD 0

Since C is hinged member CB and CD will rotate independently. Also the

frame is unsymmetrical, will also have sway. Let the sway be towards right.

The slope deflections are:

2EI 3
MAB FAB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
0 0 B
4 4
1 3
EIB EI ( 1)
2 8
 2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
0 2B 0
4 4
3
EIB EI ( 2)
8
2EI 3
MBC FBC 2B C
L L

60
2E.2I
2B CB
6
4 2
60 EIB EICB (3 )
3 3
MCB FCB
2EI
2CB B
L
60
2E.2I
2CB B
6
4 2
60 EICB EIB (4 )
3 3
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2CD D
L L
2EI 3
0 2CD 0
4 4
3
EICD EI ( 5 )
8
2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D CD
L L
2EI 3
0 0 CD
4 4
1 3
EICD EI ( 6 )
2 8

In the above equations B , CB , CD and are unknowns. According the

boundary conditions are

I. MBA+MBC = 0,
II. MCB = 0,
III. MCD = 0,
 IV. HA+HD = 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i..e, 0
4 4

MAB MBA MCD MDC 0

Now using the boundary conditions:

3 4 2
MBA MBC EIB EI 60 EIB EICB
8 3 3
7 2 3
EIB EICB EI 60 0 ( 7 )
3 3 8
2 4
MCB EIB EICB 60 0 ( 8 )
3 3
3
MCD EICD EI 0 ( 9 )
8
1 3 3 3 1 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC EIB EI EIB EI EICD EI EICD EI 0
2 8 8 8 2 8
3 3 3
EIB EICD EI 0 ( 10 )
2 2 2
3
From ( 9 ) EIcD EI (11 )
8

Sub in ( 10 )
3 3 3 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC EIB EI EI 0
2 2 8 2

3 15
EIB EI 0 ( 12 )
2 16
16 3 8
Equation (12) gives EI EIB EIB ( 13 )
15 2 5

Substituti ng in Equation ( 7 )
7 2 3 8
MBA MBC EIB EICB EIB 60 0
3 3 8 5
7 3 2
EIB EICB 60
3 5 3
26 2
EIB EICB 60 0 ( 14 )
15 3
Substituti ng in Equation ( 8 ) and multiplyin g equation (14) by 2 we have
2 4
EIB EICB 60 0
3 3
52 4
EIB EICB 120 0
15 3
__________ __________ _
42
EIB 180 0
15
__________ __________ _
15
EIB 180 64.29
42

8 8
From(13) EI EIB 64.29 102.864
5 5
3
From (11) EICD EI 38.574
8
3 7 3
From (7) EICB EIB EI 60
2 3 8
3 7 3
64.29 102.864 60
2 3 8
77.165
EIB 64.29, EICB 77.165, EICD 38.57, EI 102.864

Final Moments are

MAB
1
64.29 3 102.864 6.42 KNM
2 8
64.29 102.864 25.72 KNM
3
MBA
8
60 64.29 77.165 25.72 KNM
4 2
MBC
3 3
60 77.165 64.29 0
4 2
MCB
3 3
38.574 102.864 0
3
MCD
8
38.574 102.864 19.29 KNM
1 3
MDC
2 8
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of various members

Column AB:
25.72 6.42
HA 4.825 KN
4
Beam BC:
25.72 80 3
RB 44.29 KN
6
RC 80 44.29 35.71 KN
Column CD:
19.28
HD 4.82 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA+HD = 0
Hence okay.
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure the deflection method and
then draw the bending moment diagram

Fig

Solution:

The frame is unsymmetrical, hence there is a sway. Let the sway be

towards right.
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0

FEMS:
20 52
FBC 41.67 KNM
12
20 52
FCB 41.67 KNM
12
FCE 15 2 30 KNM

Slope deflection equations

 2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
0 0 B 0.5EIB 0.375EI - - - - - - - - 1
4 4
2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
0 2B 0 EIB 0.375EI - - - - - - - - 2
4 4

MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
2E 1.5I
41.67 2B C 41.67 1.2EIB 0.6EIC - - - - - - - -- 3
5
MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
2E 1.5I
41.67 2C B 41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
5
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2EI 3
0 2C 0 EIC 0.375EI - - - - - - - -- 5
4 4
2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2EI 3
0 0 C 0.5EIC 0.375EI - - - - - - - -- 6
4 4

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD MCE 0
HA HD 0
i.e, MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
 Now,
MBA MBC 0
EIB 0.375EI 141.67 1.2EIB 0.6EIC 0
2.2EIB 0.6EIC 0.375EI 41.67 0 7

And, MCB MCD 41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 30 0

0.6EIB 2.2EIC 0.375EI 11.67 0 8

MAB MBC MCD MDC 0

0.5EIB 0.375EI EIB 0.375EI 2EIC 0.375EI 0.5EIC 0.375EI 0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC 1.5EI 0 9

Solving the above equations

we get, EI B 23.98 , EI C 9.36, EI 14.62

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have

MAB 0.523.98 0.37514.62 6.50 KNM
MBA 23.98 0.37514.62 18.50 KNM
MBC 41.67 1.223.98 0.6 9.36 18.51 KNM
MCB 41.67 1.2 9.36 0.623.98 44.83 KNM
MCD 9.36 0.375( 14.62) 14.84 KNM
MDC 0.5 9.36 0.375 14.62 10.16 KNM
MCE 30 KNM
Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
18.5 6.5
HA 6.25 KN
4

Span BC:
44.83 18.5 20 5 2.5
RC 55.27 KN
5
RB 20 5 RC 44.73

Column CD:
10.16 14.84
HD 6.25
4
Check:

H = 0
HA + HD = 0
=0

Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown and then draw bending moment
diagram.

Solution:

It is an unsymmetrical problem hence there is a sway be towards right

A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0

FEMs:

wl2 20 52
FBC - 41.67 KNM
12 12
wl2 20 52
FCB 41.67 KNM
12 12

Slope deflection equations:

2EI 3
M AB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
0 0 B
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 1
2 2
EIB EI
3 3
2EI 3
MBA F BA 2 B A
L L
2EI 3
0 2 B 0
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 2
4 2
EIB EI
3 3
 2EI 3
MBC F BC 2 B C
L L
2E 1.5I
- 41.67 2B C
5
- - - - - - - -- 3
6 3
- 41.67 EIB EIC
5 5
2EI 3
MCB F CB 2 C B
L L
2E 1.5I
41.67 2 C B 0
5
41.67 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
2EI 3
MCD F CD 2 C D
L L
2EI 3
0 2 C 0
4 4
EI C 0.375 EI - - - - - - - - - - 5
2EI 3
MDC F DC 2 D C
L L
2EI 3
0 0 C
4 4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI - - - - - - - - - - 6
In the above equations there are three unknown B , C and and accordingly the
Boundary conditions are:

MBA MBC 0
M CB M CD 0
H A HD 0
M AB MBA M CD MDC
i.e 0
3 4
4(M AB MBA ) 3(M CD MDC ) 0
Now
MBA MBC 0
4 2 6 3
EIB EI EIB EIC 41.67
3 3 5 5
3 2
2.53EIB EIC EI 41.67 0 (7)
5 3
MCB MCD 0
41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 0
41.67 2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI 0 (8)
MAB MBA MCD MDC
0
3 4
2 2 4 2
4 EIB EI EIB EI
3 3 3 3
3 EIC 0.375EI 0.5EIC 0.375EI 0
8 8 16 8
EIB EI EIB EI 4.5EIC 2.25EI 0
3 3 3 3
8EIB 4.5EIC 7.53EI 0 (9)

By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B 25.46
EI C 23.17
EI 12.8

Final moments:
2 2
MAB 25.46 12.8 8.44 KNM
3 3
4 2
MBA 25.46 12.8 25.40 KNM
3 3
MBC 25.46 23.17 41.67 25.40 KNM
6 3
5 5
MCB 41.67 1.2 23.17 0.60 20.46 28.50 KNM
MCD 23.70 0.375 (12.80 ) 28.50 KNM
MDC 0.5 23.70 0.375 12.80 16.65 KNM
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram

Member AB:

25.40 8.44
HA 11.28 KN
3
Member BC:

5
28.5 20.30 20 5
RC 2 51.64 KN
2
RB 20 5 51.64 48.36 KN

Member CD:

28.5 16.65
HD = = 11.28 KN
4

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
Satisfied, hence okay
Example: A portal frame having different column heights are subjected for forces
as shown in figure. Analyse the frame and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:-

It is an unsymmetrical problem
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0 , hence there is a sway be towards right.

FEMs:
Wl 30 4
F AB - 15 KNM
8 8
Wl 30 4
FBA 15 KNM
8 8
Wl 60 4
FBC - 30 KNM
8 8
Wl 60 4
FCB 30 KNM
8 8
FCD = FDC = 0

Slope deflection equations:

2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2E 2I 3
- 15 0 B
4 4
- 15 EIB 0.75 EI - - - - - - - - 1
 2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2E 2I 3
15 2B 0
4 4
15 2 EIB 0.75 EI - - - - - - - - 2

MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
2E 2I
- 30 2B C
4
- 30 2EIB EIC - - - - - - - -- 3

MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
2E 2I
30 2C B
4
30 2EIC EIB - - - - - - - -- 4

2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2EI 3
0 2 C 0
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 5
4 2
EI C EI
3 3

2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2EI 3
0 0 C
3 3

- - - - - - - -- 6
2 2
EI C EI
3 3

There are three unknowns, EI, B ,EI C & EI , accordingly the Boundary
conditions are
 MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 30 0
MAB MBA 60 MCD MDC
i.e, 30 0
4 3
3MAB MBA 4MCD MDC 180 0
Now
MBA MBC 15 2EIB 0.75EI 30 2EIB EIC
4EIB EIC 0.75EI 15 0 7

4 2
MCB MCD 30 2EIC EIB EIC EI
3 3
8
10 2
EIB EIC EI 30 0
3 3

3(MAB MBA ) 4(MCD MDC ) 180 3 15 EIB 0.75EI 15 2EIB 0.75EI

4 2 2 2
4 EIC EI EIC EI 180
3 3 3 3
9EIB 8EIC 9.833EI 180 0 9
By solving (7), (8) & (9) we get

EI B 9.577
EI C 7.714
EI 20.795

Substituting these values in the slope deflection equations we get

MAB 15 9.577 0.75 20.795 21.01 KNM

MBA 15 2 9.577 0.75 20.795 18.55 KNM
MBC - 30 2 9.577 - 7.714 - 18.55 KNM
MCB 30 2 7.714 9.577 24.15 KNM

( 7.714 ) 20.795 24.15 KNM

4 2
MCD
3 3
MDC ( 7.714 ) 20.795 19.00 KNM
2 2
3 3
Reactions: Consider free body diagrams of the members

Member AB:
18.55 21.01 30 2
HA 15.615 KN
4
-ve sign indicates the direction of HA is from right to left.
Member BC:
18.55 60 2 24.15
RB 28.60 KN
4
RC 60 RB 28.60 31.40 KN

Member CD:
19 24.15
HD 14.38 KN
3

Check:
H = 0

HA + HD + 30 = 0

-15.62 14.38 + 30 = 0

Hence okay
Example: Analyse the frame using slope deflection method and draw the
Bending Moment Diagram.

Solution: Assume sway towards right

 It can be observed from figure in that direction of moments due to sway in
member AB are anticlockwise and that for member CD are clockwise. Wise shall
be taken to incorporate the same in the slope deflection equation.

FEMS
wI2
FBC
12
24 42
- 32 KNM
12
wI2
FCB 32 KN M
12
Here A D 0

Slope deflection equations are:

2EI 3
MAB F AB 2 A B
L L
2EI 3
B
3 3

- - - - - -- 1
2 2
EIB EI
3 3
2EI 3
MBA FBA 2B A
L L
2EI 3
2B
3 3

2
4 2
EIB EI
3 3
 MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
32
2E2I
2B C
4
32 2EIB EIC - - - - - - - -- 3

MCB FCB
2EI
2C B
L
32
2E2I
2C B
4
32 2EIC EIB - - - - - - - - 4
2EI 3
MCD FCD 2C D
L L
2EI 3
2C
3 3

5
4 2
EIC EI
3 3

2EI 3
MDC FDC 2D C
L L
2EI 3
C
3 3

- - - - - - - - 6
2 2
EIC EI
3 3

The unknown are B, ,C & Accordingl y the boundary conditions are

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 30 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e, 30 0
3 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90 0
4 2
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 32 2EIB EIC
3 3
7
10 2
EIB EIC EI 32 0
3 3
 4 2
MCB MCD 32 2EIC EIB EIC EI
3 3
8
10 2
EIB EIC EI 32 0
3 3

2 2 4 2 4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90 EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
EI EIC EI 90
3 3 3
8
2EIB 2EIC EI 90
3
9
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3
From (7) & (9)
20 4
EIB 2EIC EI 64 0
3 3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3

- - - - - -- 10
17
EIB 3EIC 109 0
3

By (8) and (9)

20 4
2EIB EIC EI 64 0
3 3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3

- - - - - - - - 11
17
3EIB EIC 109 0
3
By (10) & (11)
17
EI B 3EI C 109 0
3
27
EI B 3EI C 57.71 0
17
208
EI B 166.71 0
17 3
166.71 17 3
EIB 40.88
208
From (10)
1 17
EI C 109 EI B 40.88
3 3
From (9)
EI
3
EIB EIC 45
4
40.88 40.88 45 95.07
3
4
Thus EIB 40.88, EIC 40.88, EI 95.07
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations

MAB
2
40.88 2 95.07 36.12 KNM
3 3
MBA 40.88 95.07 8.88 KNM
4 2
3 3
MBC 32 240.88 40.88 8.88 KNM
MCB 32 2 40.88 40.88 8.88 KNM

MCD
4
40.88 2 95.07 8.88 KNM
3 3
MDC 40.88 95.07 36.12 KNM
2 2
3 3
To find the reaction consider the free body diagram of the frame

Reactions:

Column AB
8.88 36.12
HA 15 KN
3

Beam AB
4
8.88 8.88 24 4
RB 2 48 KN
4
RC 24 4 48 48 KN

Column CD
8.88 36.12
HD 15 KN
3
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +P = 0
-15 15 + 30 = 0
Hence okay