PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED BY
AKHIL KRISHNAN
PROJECT MENTOR
MR.ARUN K
JUNE 2011
Amritapuri Campus
DECLARATION
record of work done under the supervision of Mr. ARUN K, AMRITA ARTS AND
SCIENCE, AMRITAPURI and it has not be in previously formed the basis for the Award of
Date:
First off all I would like to present this piece of work at the Lotus feet of My Guru and
guiding light Mata Amritanandamayi Devi who has been inspiration to me throughout the
academic years and a guiding light.
The successful completion of this project would not have been possible without help and
assistance that was received from various directions.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to my parents who provided me with enough
facilities to do research on the topic for hours at an end. They have unfailingly supported my
efforts at completion of the project.
I would be failing in my duty if I did not extend my thanks to my mentor Arun Krishnan.
That provided me with all facilities without which the compilation of the entire project would
have been an impossible task.
I would like to pay my sincere regards and thanks to those, who directed me at every step in
my project work.
Knowledge based product development (here product means programs) conducted at Kairali
channel. Here first a study on viewers preference towards television channel and factors
influence them in selecting that channel has been conducted. With the help of the study how
we can able to develop or improve the program viewership.
For the purpose of data collection a questionnaire was framed and distributed among the
sampling units.The sampling techniques Used in the study is random sampling.
research work done by him during the period of one month (June) under my supervision. It
has not formed the basis for award to any candidate for any previous Degree,
Station: Amritapuri
Date:
(Arun K)
11
II
ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE
2.1 industry profile
2.2 company profile
19
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGAND
IV LIMITATIONS
4.1 Research plan
4.1.1 Preliminary Investigation
4.1.2 Exploratory Study
4.2 Research design
4.2.1 Developing and Research Plan
4.2.2 Collection of Data
i. Secondary Data
ii. Primary Data
4.3 sampling plan
4.3.1 Sampling Units
4.3.2 Sampling Technique
4.3.3 Research Instruments
4.4 sample size
4.5 Data collection instrument development
4.6 Research limitation
60
FINDINGS,SUGGESTIONSAND
VI CONCLUSION
6.1 FINDINGS
6.2 SUGGESTIONS
6.3 CONCLUSION
64
LIMITATIONS
VII
66
VIII REFERENCE
68
APPENDIX
Lists of tables
List of graphs
5.1.1 Age of respondent 25
5.1.2 Gender of the respondent 26
5.1.3 Occupation 27
5.1.4 Point of service 28
5.1.5 Region 29
Introduction
1. 1 THE TOPIC:
KNOWLEDGE BASED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT.
It would also help them to improve their Programs as per the expectation of
the Viewers.
Through the study I came to understand which channel has most viewership among the
people.
Through this study I was able to know the various ways for the development of the programs.
The etymology of the word has a mixed Latin and Greek origin, meaning "far sight": Greek
tale (), far, and Latin Visio, sight (from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first person.
Although other forms such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) are in use, the most common
usage of the medium is for broadcast television, which was modeled on the existing radio
broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered radio-frequency
transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV receivers.
A standard television set comprises multiple internal electronic circuits, including those for
receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is
properly called a monitor, rather than a television. A television system may use different
technical standards such as digital television (DTV) and high-definition television (HDTV).
Television systems are also used for surveillance, industrial process control, and guiding of
weapons, in places where direct observation is difficult or dangerous.
Amateur television (ham TV or ATV) is also used for experimentation, pleasure and public
service events by amateur radio operators. Ham TV stations were on the air in many cities
before commercial TV stations came on the air.
The first mechanical television station in America was called W3XK. This station was
the brainchild of Charles Francis Jenkins, who is also remembered as the father of
American television. The station aired its first broadcast on 2nd July, 1928.
The first commercially produced television sets were based on the mechanical
television system. These sets were made from John Bairds designs for television. The
sets were shown to the public in September of 1928.
The first ever American electronic television sets were produced in 1938 and were an
instant hit.
The first ever remote control for television was invented in 1948. Known as the Tele
Zoom, it cannot be called a remote control in the true sense of the word, as the device
could only enlarge the picture on the tube and not change any channels or turn the
television set on and off. The Flash-matic from Zenith, produced in 1955, was the first
ever real remote control that could do all of the above and was completely wireless.
1st July, 1941 is the day when the first ever commercial broadcast took place in
America. All broadcasts prior to this day were regarded as experimental by the FCC,
thus making this day very important in American TV history.
1st July, 1941 is also the day when the first American advertisement was aired. The
commercial was for a Bulova Watch and lasted all of 10 seconds. It was aired on the
NBC network.
These are just some of the many firsts that were, and continue to be associated with the
television industry.
Kairali:
By its very style and content en-capsules the quintessence of the culture, ethos and artistic
aspirations of Malayalees.And not surprisingly, Kairali Channel has today emerged as an
information
-rich and viewer favorite channel that would entertain, engross and educate the Malaya lee
population all over the world.Kairal vision is to create programmes that meet international
standards of creativity and production excellence. And Kairalis mission is to rule the airwaves
as the channel with the cutting edge viz the cutting edge of News breaking, programming and
technical perfection. Today Kairali TV has emerged as the most preferred channel of Malaya
lees deeply entrenched in the minds of Keralites the world over.
Board of Directors
Today millions of Malayalees reside in the Gulf countries and to all these expatriate Malaya
lee families, Kairali Channel is a very dear and intimate friend, very close to their heart,
presenting to them the nostalgia and linguistic flavor of their home land with all its artistic
and cultural values honed to perfection.
Kairali is India's truly Peoples channel with over 2, 50,000 shareholders and with a unique
and dedicated viewership of millions of viewers. More than fifty percent i.e. over 1, 25,000 of
the Kairali shareholders are NRIs spread all over the world.
Kairali's State of the art Studio Complex with four shoot floors at Trivandrum is the largest
shooting facility in South India. Kairali also has on Online News Studio from where Live
News is directly uplinked. All the Kairali studios deploy top of the line digital equipment for
programme acquisition, production, post production, editing and compositing of programmes.
The Primary Digital format is BETACAM - SX and for News acquisition it is Video Server.
At the Main Studio Floor Kairali has a large deployment of Digital professional cameras, like
Sony DNW 90 P Beta cams x, Sony DXC-D-35, CCUs and Online Multicam Edit facilities
(DFS-700) and professional grade Sony DNW series Digital Recorders. The Studios are also
equipped with full fledged lighting arrangements with HMI, Tungsten and Cool Lights. The
shoot floors are also equipped with Track and Trolley and Crane facilities.
Kairali has Live News Studio at Delhi, Kochi, Trissur, Palakkad, Kozhikode and Kannur. The
uplink center is at Kochi. The News Bureaus all over Kerala is connected to the central News
Hub at Trivandrum. Similarly special Gulf bulletins and current affairs programmes are also
relayed to the Main News Centre at Trivandrum. The Hourly Bulletins are broadcast from the
LIVE News Studio. The News Wing is specially equipped with Sony DVCAM (DV-300)
Cameras and Mini DVCAM cameras for field News acquisition. The News Studio is also
equipped with Sony D-35 Digital Cameras, CCU and RCP and the sophisticated Graphic
equipments, Dekos and Sony Digital Play out Recorders and Players.
An Intelsat transponder has been locked in with VSNL, Mumbai for Digital transmissions in
Intelsat's most popular Satellite APR-1 (Insat-2E, 83 Degrees East). This satellite transponder
ensures wide footprint and signal strength to preserve the quality and perfection of the
programme. And Kairali channel is up linked by VSNL, Chennai. The footprint of the
satellite is available on request.
Highly experienced and eminent professionals and experts in the fields of television and
visual media head and lead every facet of production and every stream of the channel's
operation.
Kairali Channel by its very style and content en-capsules the quintessence of the culture,
ethos and artistic aspirations of Malaya lees. And not surprisingly, Kairali Channel has today
emerged as an information-rich and viewer favorites channel that would entertain engross and
educate the Malaya lee population all over the world. Kairalis vision is to create programmes
that meet international standards of creativity and production excellence. And Kairalis
mission is to rule the airwaves as the channel with the cutting edge viz the cutting edge of
News breaking, programming and technical perfection. Today Kairali TV has emerged as the
most preferred channel of Malaya lees deeply entrenched in the minds of Keralites the world
over.
Kairali is the perfect medium for marketing and advertising .Over 10 million Malayalees in
Kerala and five million more outside the State and in the Middle East tune into the satellite
signals every day. And with its balanced blend of infotainment Kairali is bound to cut through
the clutter and become their absolute favorite.
Spot selling
Chapter 3
Primary objectives
a) To study the audience/viewers preference towards channels.
b) With the viewers preferences how we can help in the
Development of the products (programs).
a) To find out the major factors that influences the viewers in channel
Selection.
Chapter 4
Research methodology and limitation
4 . 1 . 1 P r e l i m i n a r y i n ve s t i g a t i o n
4 . 1 . 2 Exploratory Study
Prima facie, the study seems to be feasible for understanding the
Viewers preference towards selecting a particular channel and
The development of the products (programs).
4 . 2 . 1 De v e l o p i n g R e se a r c h p l a n
The data required for the study has been collected from a sample of 150
peoples. For this purpose, we categories like
Age of respondent
Gender of respondent
Point of service
Questionnaire.
Questionnaire
Tables were used for the analysis of the collected data. The data is also neatly
presented with the help of statistical tools. The collected data are classified analyzed
and tabulated using statistical package for social sciences (spss), software that uses
built in statistical tool for analysis of data was used with the help of spss tests such as
RELIABILTY TEST,FREQUENCY TEST MEAN SQUARE ANALYSIS, ANOVA.
For the purpose of analysis of data. Statistical package for social science (spss), software that
uses built in statistical tools for analysis of data was used.
Here the data from employees through questionnaire were analyzed and tested using various
tests in the spss software and the results are interpreted after each test accordingly
Reliability coefficients
The above test was done to check if the questionnaire data was reliable under all factors or
not. The alpha value for the given data in the reliability test is 0.7458 which is greater than
0.7 hence the data is reliable, i.e. the data by the viewers reliable for further testing.
Frequency analysis
Table 5.1
Age of respondent
Frequency Percent Valid percent Cumulative
percent
Valid 15-30 99 65.6 66.0 66.0
30-45 21 13.9 14.0 80.0
45-60 28 18.5 18.7 98.7
60-75 2 1.3 1.3 100.0
total 150 99.3 100.0
Total 150 100.0
Graph 5.1.1
Age of respondent
100
80
60
40
20
0
age of respondant 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75
Interpretation
According to the above table 66% of the respondents are of age between 15-30, 14.0% of the
respondents are of age between 30-45, 18.7% of the respondents are of age between 45-60
and 1.3% of the respondents are of age between 60-75.
Table 5. 2
Gender of respondent
Frequency Percent Valid percent Cumulative
percent
Valid male 80 53.0 53.3 53.3
Female 70 46.4 46.7 100.0
Total 150 99.3 100.0
Total 150 100.0
Graph 5.1.2
Gender of respondent
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
male female
Gender of respondent
Interpretation
According to the above table 53.3% of the respondents are of gender between male and
46.7% of the respondent is of gender between female.
Table 5. 4
Point of service
Frequency Percent Valid percent Cumulative
percent
Valid cable 120 79.5 80.0 80.0
dish 29 19.2 19.3 99.3
3 1 .7 .7 100.0
Total 150 99.3 100.0
Total 150 100.0
Graph 5.1.4
Point of service
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
cable dish orther
Point of service
Interpretation
According to the above table 80% of the respondents are through cable and 19.3% of the
respondents are through dish TV.
Hypothesis 1
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the variety of programs
towards channel selection.
H1: there is a significant difference between age of respondents and the variety of programs
towards channel selection.
Hypothesis 2
H1: there is significant difference between age to respondent and preference of television
channel based on advertisement.
Hypothesis 3
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preferences of
television channels based on anchors.
H1: there is significant difference between age of respondents and the preferences of
television channels based on anchors.
Hypothesis 4
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondent and preference of television
channel based on availability of channel.
H1: there is significant difference between age of respondent and preference of television
channel based on availability of channel.
Hypothesis 5
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on brand image.
H1: there is significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of television
channel based on brand image.
Hypothesis 6
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on clarity.
Hypothesis 7
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on reception and sound quality.
H1: there is a significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on reception and sound quality.
Hypothesis 8
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of vision
channel based on innovative programming.
H1: there is significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of vision
channel based on innovative programming.
Hypothesis 9
H0: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channels based on accuracy of news.
H1: there is no significant difference between age of respondents and the preference of
television channels based on accuracy of news.
Hypothesis 1
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.860 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the variety of programmes influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 2
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.673 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the advertising influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 3
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.936 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the anchors influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 4
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.560 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the channel availability influences the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 5
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.620 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the brand image influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 7
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.976 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the reception and sound quality influence the respondents in selecting a particular
channel.
Hypothesis 8
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.742 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the innovative programmers influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 9
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.628 which is greater than 0.05 hence we
accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and the opinion
that the accuracy of news influence the respondents in selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 1
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and the variety of
programs towards channel selection.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the variety of programs
towards channel selection.
Hypothesis 2
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and preference of
television channel based on advertisements.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and preference of television
channel based on advertisements.
Hypothesis 3
H0: there is no significant difference between genders of respondents
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on anchors.
Hypothesis 4
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and preference of
television channel based availability of channel.
Hypothesis 5
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on brand image.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on brand image.
Hypothesis 6
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on clarity.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on clarity.
Hypothesis 7
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on reception and sound quality.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on reception and sound quality.
Hypothesis 8
H0: there is no significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on innovative programming.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on innovative programming.
H1: there is significant difference between gender of respondents and the preference of
television channel based on accuracy of news.
Interpretation
Hypothesis 1
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.632 which is greater than 0.05 hence
we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and
the opinion that the variety of programmers influence the respondents in selecting a
particular channel.
Hypothesis 2
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.079 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
age and the opinion that the advertising influence the respondents in selecting a
particular channel.
Hypothesis 3
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.521 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
Hypothesis 4
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.591 which is greater than 0.05 hence
we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between age and
the opinion that the channel availability influences the respondents in selecting a
particular channel.
Hypothesis 5
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.350 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
age and the opinion that the brand image influence the respondents in selecting a
particular channel.
Hypothesis 6
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.361 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
age and the opinion that the clarity of programmes influence the respondents in
selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 7
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.990 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
age and the opinion that the reception and sound quality influence the respondents in
selecting a particular channel.
Hypothesis 9
From the above anova table the value derived is 0.306 which is greater than 0.05
hence we accept the null hypothesis since there is no significant difference between
age and the opinion that the accuracy of news influence the respondents in selecting a
particular channel.
RANKING 5.9
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This study is based on the hypothesis that entertainment and enjoyment properties of
innovative program programs and advertisements similar to the effects of programs in
television industry.
ADVERTISEMENTS
Advertisement campaigns are news, crispy told across all media and build upon the image
of news with accuracy, integrity and speed minus lengthy analysis. The advertisement targets
the viewers who want no-frill news.
INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS
Zee news has installed live news tickers at several prominent intersections in Delhi. The
tickers run only when the traffic signal is red and switch off when traffic begins to move.
Considering the waiting time in capitals major crossing, there is a lot of time to read. It is
also a better tool for promotion than outdoor advertising, as news tickers often.
This study is based on the hypothesis that of television channel availability and broad casting
similar to the effect of programs in television industry.
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting corporation controls over 20,000 hours of Indian and Chinese programming and
also owns the worlds largest contemporary. In partnership with leading companies in Asia,
STAR broadcasting corporation businesses extend to filmed entertainment, television
production, cable systems and distribution, direct-to-home services, terrestrial TV
broadcasting, wireless and digital services.
CHANNEL AVAILABILITY
The availability of television channel is the most crucial issue and the channel has a distinct
advantage (expect the case of niche channel), if the channel is available on prime band. But
news channel can provide a toll- free number for receiving complaints on non availability.
This study is based on the entertainment and enjoyment properties of television programs
based in accuracy of news, advertising, and variety of programs effects in television industry.
ACCURACY OF NEWS.
News captures life as it goes by and the manner in which it is conveyed, shapes the NEWS
consumers opinion and beliefs. But the new mantra is infotainment which means information
+ entrainment. Whether news should provide entrainment or not, is a never ending debate.
Since news analyze are a part of services, we shall analyze them using the 7Ps framework.
Like (product, price, place, promotion, process, people and physical evidence.)
VAREITY OF PROGRAM
Variety of program is the key factors for television channel. So only the channel can catch
more viewers and also sponsors for their programs. Based on the advertisement channel can
earn more profit. In the same it will help channel to keep position on TOP RATING on
different regions.
Innovativeness
The program should offer something unique to the Viewers as compared to other
programs aired. A good example would be of "kadha ala ithu Jivithum" a reality show aired
by Amrita TV.
According to the nature of the program it has to be aired at a proper time else the Viewership
will be limited.Eg In case of TV serials it has to be aired in the evening since the target
audience are householders
A good promo campaign uses several different angles to try to attract viewers. Placing
promos during highly rated broadcasts will go a long way towards getting attention. If a
promo campaign is working, people will start talking, and word of mouth is just as good as a
commercial. The Promo should Brief, eye catching and should grab the interest of the Viewer.
It should be Like Trailers of movies running in Theatres.
Anchors
Well experienced anchors having a good personality should host the program. Moreover
according to the nature of the program.
Target audience
The program should have a large target audience according to the demographic factors. If
a show does not find a widespread audience, another way for it to be successful is to find a
niche audience. When a show is popular among a certain demographic, the network will be
able to sell ad time to companies whom are targeting that audience.
Episodes
Brand image
The program should be Such that it has the potential to Boost up the image of the
Channel .E.g. would be of the reality show Idea Star Singer aired by Asianet.
Clarity
Now an increasing trend in the people is demand for better Clarity. This can be known by
the fact that most people watch movies in 3D, High definition. Anyhow the Program should
have good clarity.
The Event Manager must make sure that the quality of Program is not compromised thru
weak Reception and other distortions. A thorough quality Check has to be done before airing
the program.
Commitment
Television is all about commitment. Viewers will only tune regularly to a show that they
want to make a part of their lives. So a TV show must offer something that they want in their
weekly lives. They want characters to care about. The more one cares about a character, the
more likely a viewer will keep tuning in to see how they are doing. Has the hero found
another critical clue to tracking down a killer? Has the hero inched a step forward to
Conclusion
If there is a show on television that is still searching for its audience or seems to be failing
to hold its audience, it is perhaps because they are missing one of the key ingredients. Did
they forget to identify the hero? Is the show lacking a heart? Or is the show failing to
provide a hook or better yet, is it the right kind of hook? Offering television viewers
something that comforts them a surrogate family they want to be a part of can be an
essential hook.
6.1 FINDINGS
Most of the respondents are of age 15-30.
Most of the respondents prefer asianet channel.
Most of the respondents strongly agree that variety of program influence in
selecting / choosing a particular channel.
Most of the respondents agree that advertisement influence in selecting /choosing a
particular channel.
Most of the respondents agree that anchors influence in selecting /choosing a
particular channel.
Most of the respondents agree that brand image influence in selecting /choosing a
particular channel.
Most of the respondents agree that clarity influence in selecting /choosing a
particular channel.
Most of the respondents agree that reception and sound quality influence in
selecting /choosing a particular channel.
6.2 SUGGESTIONS
6.3 CONCLUSION
The television market is generally considered the most effective mass-market format, and this
is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV
events. In general, advertisers covet the 15age-30 demographic; older viewers are of almost
no interest to most advertisers. The number of viewers within the target demography is more
important to a variety of programs to catch total viewers. Also TV advertisers may also target
certain audiences of the population such as certain races, income level, and gender. In recent
years, shows tend to target younger women, to be profitable from advertisements, than shows
targeted to younger men. This is due to the fact that younger men are watching TV less than
their female counterparts. Programs like reality shows found to attract more viewers and
hence focus solely on the task of keeping the viewing audience interested enough to sit
through advertisements. With the proper utilization of these factors, TV programs can be
made more effective.
1) Name:
3) Gender: M/F
Anchors
Channel
availability
Brand image
Clarity
Reception &
sound clarity
Innovative
programming
Accuracy of
news
6) What are the various attributes you attach for the following television?
Anchors
Channel
availability
Brand image
Clarity
Reception &
sound clarity
Accuracy of
news
CHANNELS RANK
ASIANET
KAIRALI
AMRITA
SURYA
DD-MALAYALAM
OTHERS