THE WORLD DURING THE TIME OF RIZAL

THE 19TH CENTURY

o The Philippines is still a colony of Spain. This is also a century of
change. The ideas of freedom, liberty and equality thundered all across
Europe.
THE NEED FOR REFORMS: REPRESENTATION
o CORTES Allowing colonies to be represented in the Spanish
parliament.
o Ventura de los Reyes, a Spaniard born in the Philippines, selected to
represent the colony.
THE RELIOUS FRONT: SECULARIZATION
o The parishes held by the seculars were reverted to the regulars.
CONDITIONS OF EUROPE AND ASIA
o Europe went up in revolution from 1848, with the regimes of the
absolute monarch in France and Austria being toppled by the people
seeking more responsible government.
o In the United States, President Abraham Lincoln emancipated the black
slaves but also triggered the American Civil War which lasted from
1861 to 1865.
o In Asia, there were renewed efforts of European penetration with the
weakening of Spain and Portugal, the rise of Great Britain and France.
CONDITION OF THE PHILIPPINES
o Native Revolts
o Spaniards were a minority in the Philippines
o Spanish rule: 3Gs (God, Gold and Glory)
o Political and religious role Controlled by the Spanish
o This mercantilist policy of not allowing the country to trade with others
was scrapped with the opening of Manila to the world trade.
THE BIRTH OF JOSE RIZAL
o The quest for equality was the cry of the times.
o June 19, 1861 (Wednesday 11 oclock) in Calamba, Laguna
o Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonso y Realonda
o Father: Francisco Mercado
o Mother: Teodora Alonso y Realonda
o Siblings:

1. Saturnina (1850- 6. Maria(1859-1945)

1913) 7. Jose(1861-1896)
2. Paciano(1851- 8. Concepcion(1862-
1930) 1865)
3. Narcisa(1852- 9. Josefa(1865-1945)
1939) 10. Trinidad(1868-
4. Olimpia(1855- 1951)
1887) 11. Soledad(1870-
5. Lucia(1857-1919) 1919)