192 PIERS Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug.

1215, 2013

Design of the Electric-fields Probe in the Personal Exposure Meter

Sang Il Kwak1 , B. C. Kim1 , H. D. Choi1 , and Young Joong Yoon2
1
Radio Technology Research Department
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)
218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Abstract This paper shows a development of the isotropic electric-fields probe in the personal
exposure meter. The personal exposure meter is a device for measurement of E-fields near the
human body. To detect the exposed E-fields, a 3-axis E-fields probe is used in the personal
exposure meter. The probe is consists of three orthogonal infinitesimal dipole antennas with
schottky diodes and lossy transmission lines using chip resistors. The proposed probe bandwidth
is 10 MHz to 6 GHz and the isotropic deviation of the proposed probe radiation pattern is less than
0.5 dB in the simulation results. Finally, the fabricated probe will be shown and the properties
of the probe such as a linearity and radiation pattern of the probe are presented.

1. INTRODUCTIONS
The electronic devices for communications, broadcasting and medical treatments are widely used
in our life. For the human health and the mitigated EMC problems, the reduction techniques of
electromagnetic field have been researched widely [1, 2]. To evaluation of exposed an E-field from
the electronic devices, the E-fields probe is needed.
The personal exposure meter is a monitoring device for measuring on the total exposed E-field.
The personal exposure meter consists of the E-fields probe with the lossy transmission line and a
readout device. The E-fields probe comprises arranged perpendicularly three dipoles, a schottky
diode and the resistive transmission lines. For precision measurement of the E-fields, the isotropic
radiation pattern of the probe is required. To obtain an isotropic radiation pattern at a wideband
frequency, the electrically small dipole antenna is used. The schottky diode transformed the de-
tected a continues-wave incident field at the dipole antennas into a DC voltage. The transformed
voltage is conveyed over the resistive transmission line to readout device. Since the transmission
line is not received the electromagnetic fields directly or indirectly and act as a low pass filter, the
highly lossy components such as chip resistors, NiCr and carbon materials are used. For simple
fabrication, the chip resistors are used in this paper. The readout device is consists of an amplifier,
signal process components and display components.
In this paper, the isotropic E-fields probe for the personal exposure meter is designed. In
general, the isotropic deviation of a commercial 3-axis probe is less than 0.5 dB [3]. The proposed
probe bandwidth is 10 MHz to 6 GHz and the isotropic deviation of the proposed probe radiation
pattern is less than 0.5 dB in the simulation results. Finally, the fabricated probe will be shown and
the properties of the probe such as a linearity and radiation pattern of the probe are performed.
2. PROBE DESIGN
Figure 1 shows the layout of the proposed E-fields probe. To measure the wideband services such
as ISM devices (RFID, medical devices etc.), broadcasting and communications devices, the target
frequency bandwidth is 10 MHz to 6 GHz. Using the Ref. [4], the size of the dipole antenna is
calculated at target frequency. The size of the probe antenna is 3 mm 2 mm. A HSCH-5330
schottky diode is used for transformation and the spatial angle of the three dipoles is 54.740 for
orthogonal property. To obtain highly resistive transmission line, chip resistors are used.
3. RESULTS
To obtain the isotropic radiation characteristic of the probe, the parameter studies are performed
at previous study [5]. The length of the transmission line is 65 mm and total height of the probe
is 73.7 mm. Fig. 2 shows the simulated radiation pattern of the probe. As shown in Fig. 2 and
Ref. [5], the isotropic deviation of the proposed probe is less than 0.5 dB.
The measurement of the probe is using the GTEM cell (TESEQ GTEM 250) in Fig. 3. The
GTEM cell can create uniform E-fields and the input power can be adjusted. Fig. 4 shows the
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 12-15, 2013 193

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 1: Layout of the proposed probe: (a) Dipole with a diode. (b) Probe (3-axis). (c) Picture of the
probe with a readout device.

Figure 2: Simulated radiation pattern of the proposed probe.

Attenuato

Amplifie

Signal
Figure 3: Measurement set-up.

measured output voltage of the probe according to the input power. As the input power is increased,
the output voltage increases linearly. Also, the occupational exposure limits to protect human body
at 2 GHz is 134 V/m. The proposed probe can measure the E-fields up to 267 V/m at 2 GHz. The
measured radiation pattern of the probe is also measured using the GTEM cell. As the input power
is fixed, the designed probe is rotated in the GTEM cell and measured output E-fields. The results
will be shown at the conference.
194 PIERS Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 1215, 2013

Figure 4: Measured output voltage according to the input E-fields at 2 GHz.

4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the isotropic electric fields probe in the personal exposure meter is designed. To
detect the exposed E-fields, a 3-axis E-fields probe is used in the personal exposure meter. The
probe is consists of three orthogonal infinitesimal dipole antennas with schottky diodes and lossy
transmission lines using chip resistors. The bandwidth of the probe is 10 MHz to 6 GHz. The
designed probe output voltage has a linear characteristic for the input power. Finally, the fabricated
probe can be used in the personal exposure meter.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was funded by the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning), Korea in
the ICT R&D Program 2013.
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in the personal exposure measurement meter, ICTC 2012, 235237, Oct. 2012.