Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is branched down to 3 types. Trisomy 21 is when an embryo with three copies
of chromosome 21 instead of two. There is an extra due to the failure of separation of egg or the
sperm. As the embryo develops, the extra chromosome is replicated in every cell of the body.
This type is 95% of cases of Down Syndrome. Another type of Down Syndrome is called
Mosaicism, and it is diagnosed when there is mixture of cells some containing the usual 46 and
some having 47. This type is only 1% of cases of Down Syndrome. Translocation is another type
of Down Syndrome, where the total number of chromosomes in the cells remain 46, but an
additional full or partial copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome. It usually
attaches to chromosome 14. This accounts for 4% of cases of Down Syndrome. The estimated
incidence of Down Syndrome is about 1 in 1000 births worldwide. Each year approximately
3000 to 5000 children are born with this chromosome disorder.

Trisomy 21 Mosaicism
Physical disorder
Small head and ears
Short neck
Flat facial features
Poor muscle tone
Mental disorder
Impulsive behavior
Poor judgment
Short attention span
Slow learning capability
Medication disorder
Hearing loss
Poor vision
 Hip problems
Leukemia
Obesity
Sleep apnea
Dementia
Alzheimer
There are no cures for down syndromes unfortunately. However, an early treatment can help
people with Down Syndromes to live a productive life later on in their life. Some therapies
include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and exercises. Some medical treatments including
amino acid supplements known as Piracetam is used to improve the brain to have a better
learning condition at school.

There are a lot of websites with information and resources on Down syndrome:

www.cdss.ca.gov
http://www.ndss.org/
http://nads.org/

Other helpful websites can be found on this website:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2013/03/20/42-top-down-syndrome-
resources-you-should-know-about/
Other sites used:
http://www.mychildwithoutlimits.org/understand/down-syndrome/down-syndrome-treatment/

http://www.globaldownsyndrome.org/about-down-syndrome/facts-about-down-syndrome/
http://www.who.int/genomics/public/geneticdiseases/en/index1.html
http://www.healthline.com/health/down-syndrome#screening6