BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER

TRUSS
GROUP 2

1.0 OBJECTIVE

1.1 To determine joint deflection of Statically Determinate Cantiliver Truss.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

2.1 The application of theoretical engineering knowledge through practical

application

2.2 To enhance technical competency in structural engineering through

laboratory application.

2.3 To communicate effectively in group

2.4 To identify problem, solving and finding out appropriate solution through

laboratory application

3.0 THEORY

A truss is a structure composed of slender member joined together at their

end points to form one or more triangles. The joint connections are considered as

pinned joint without friction.

Method of Joints

Suitable to use in calculating the entire member forces for a truss.

This method entails the use of a free body diagram of joints with the equilibrium

equations Fx = 0 and Fy = 0.

Calculation only can be started for joint where the numbers of unknowns are two

or less.

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

1.0 PROCEDURES

1. Unscrew the thumbwheel on the redundant member. Note that it is effectively

no longer part of the structure as the idealized diagram illustrates.

2. Then record the strain reading on the digital indicator.

3. After that complete Table 2 by subtracting the initial (zero) strain readings.
4. Calculate every member forces.
5. Analyze the data obtained and then compare between theoretical and experimental result.
6. Choose a member (except member 6), and on the same axis plot a graph of

Recorded Strain against Load (N) and True Strain against Load (N).
7. Then, for the deflection of F. After apply 1kN at F and all the forces of member

are remove. All the internal forces () are calculated.

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

5.0 RESULT

1. Tables

Digital At D

Load Strain Reading Indicator Digital

(N) reading Indicator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(mm) Reading

(mm)

Table 1: Strain Readings and Frame Deflection for Experiment 1

Using the Youngs Modulus relationship, calculate the equivalent

member force. complete the experimental force in Table 3. (ignore member 6 at

this stage)

E = /

Where;

E = Youngs Modulus (Nm-2)

= Stress in the member (Nm-2)

= Displayed strain

and = F/A

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 BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

6.0 CALCULATION

Calculation of real force, F

A C

24cm

E
B D
24cm 24cm
F

m=7 m = 2j 3
j=5 7 = 2(5) 3
r=3 7 = 10 3
7=7

So, the structure is statically determinate truss.

Calculation of Experimental Force (N)

330N (True strain reading for load 330N)

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

Given;

Area, A = d/4 = (16)/4 = 200mm

Modulus young, Esteel = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2

AE = 200 x 2.10 x 105 = 42 X 106 N

Member 1,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (56 x 10-6)

Member 2,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (-59 x 10-6)

Member 3,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (-59 x 10-6)

Member 4,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (-119 x 10-6)

Member 5,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (0)

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

=0N

Member 6,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (0 x 10-6)

=0N

Member 7,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (84 x 10-6)

= 498.708 N

Member 8,

F = AE

= (42 X 106 N) (87 x 10-6)

= 516.519 N

Calculation of Theoretical Force (N)

MA = MA

330 (480) = RB (280)

RB = 660 N

Fy = Fy

VA = 330 N

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

Fx = Fx

RA + R B = 0

RA = -660N

At Point E ;

Fy = Fy Fx = Fx

FEC sin 45 = 330 0 = FED + FEC cos 45

FEC = 466.690 N FED = -330 N

At Point C ;

Fy = Fy Fx = Fx

0 = FCD + 330 330 = FCA

FCD = -330 N FCA = 330 N

At PointB;

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

Fy = Fy Fx = Fx

FBA = 0 N FBD + 660 = 0

FBD = -660 N

At Point A;

Fy = Fy

330 = FAD sin 45

FAD = 330 / sin 45

FAD = 466.690 N

At Point D (checking);

Fy = Fy Fx = Fx

330 N = 330 N 660 = 330 + 330

660 N = 660 N

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

DISCUSSION

Comment on the graph:

From the table 3, the experimental and theoretical forces are not accurate. We can
see that there are huge difference value between experiment and theory. It is mean that,
the accuracy of the result is not exact but for the compression and tension member, we
can conclude that the following tension and compression is same with the value of the
force is different. The experiment value is different compared to the theoretical value.
Only member 1 for experiment value is near with theoretical value.
Its probably because of the error while setting the apparatus of the experiment
laboratory. Since the equipment is under the air conditioner, the factor of wind and human
mistakes will be taken in this experiment, so we can assume that the apparatus are not
calibrated.

We suggest making the maintenance for the equipment and exchanging the
damage tool. This is because the student cant get correct value for those experiments.

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
TRUSS
GROUP 2

CONCLUSION

From the experiment, we can manage to examine a statically determinate frame

and to analyze the frame using simple pin joint theory. If a set of external loads is applied
to a deformable or elastic structure, the points of application of the loads move and each
of the members making up the structure becomes deformed. The work is called external
work. Element of the structure also try to performed the work to prevent the deformation.
Besides that, we also know that the framework comply with the pin joint theory even
though the joint are not truly pin joint. The work is called internal work. Work is
performing by the force and the displacement is in the direction of the force. Then, by
replaced 1 kN to the 1 unit load to the point of the dummy structure before displacement
occurred.

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BFC 3051 FORCE IN A STATICALLY DETERMINATE CANTILEVER
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GROUP 2

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