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EUROPEAN COMMISSION

DG MOVE

SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

GC.SST.2012.2-3 GA No. 321592

LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art.

Deliverable No. LNG-BC D4.2


Deliverable Title LNG stations Regulations. State of the art

Dissemination Public
level
Written By Javier LEBRATO (NGVA), Nadge LECLERCQ (WESTPORT), 28/11/2013
Jess Gallego (IDIADA) and WP2 participants

Checked by David GALLEGOS, Ignacio LAFUENTE (IDIADA) 29/11/2013

Approved by Xavier Ribas (IDIADA) 29/11/2013


Issue date 09/12/2013
LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 What is the LNG BLUE CORRIDORS Project .............................................................................................. 4
1.2 Current situation about regulation of LNG refuelling station ............................................................ 6
2 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
4 Summary of International and European standards and regulations .................................................... 15
4.1 European Standards ......................................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 International Standards .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.3 Some aspects uncovered in the current regulations and standards ............................................ 16
4.3.1 LNG nozzles and receptacles .................................................................................................................. 16
5 Summary of regulations for the European countries involved in the project ..................................... 18
5.1 BELGIUM ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 CROATIA ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.3 FRANCE ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
5.4 GERMANY ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
5.5 ITALY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
5.6 PORTUGAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.7 SLOVENIA ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
5.8 SPAIN ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.9 SWEDEN................................................................................................................................................................ 32
5.10 THE NETHERLANDS ......................................................................................................................................... 34
6 Summary of regulations in European countries not involved ................................................................... 37
7 Summary of North American codes, regulations and standards ............................................................. 39
8 Summary of Chinese regulations and standards ............................................................................................ 43

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REVISION HISTORY

Rev Date Author Organization Description

0.1 25-10-2013 Javier Lebrato NGVA Initial Draft

0.2 06-11-2013 Curt Ganeles ERDGAS Suggested additions; edited grammar/usage

0.3 12-11-2013 Javier Lebrato NGVA Structure corrections

0.4 13-11-2013 Jaime del Alamo NGVA Complete revision

0.5 25-11-2013 Jess Gallego IDIADA Revision and updating

Revision and addition of final contributions


0.6 29/11/2013 Jess Gallego IDIADA
and commentaries

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1 Introduction

1.1 What is the LNG BLUE CORRIDORS Project


Until now the common use of natural gas as fuel was only in heavy vehicles running on Natural Gas

(NG) for municipal use, such as urban buses and garbage collection trucks. In these applications,

engine performance and autonomy are good with present technologies, which are well adapted to
this cleaner alternative fuel.

However, when analysing the consumption data, the equivalence in autonomy of 1 litre of diesel oil

is 5 litres of CNG, compressed to 200 bar. Five times more volume of fuel prevents the use of CNG in

heavy road transport, because its volume and weight would be too great for a long-distance truck.

This opens the way for LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), which is already the medium used to transport

natural gas by ship to any point of the globe. NG liquefies at 162 C below zero, and the cost in
energy is only 5% of the original gas.

This liquefied state gives LNG the advantage of very high energy content. Only 1.8 litres of LNG are

needed to meet the equivalent autonomy of 1 litre of diesel oil.

A 40 ton road tractor in Europe needs a tank of 400 to 500 litres for a 1,000 km trip; its equivalent
volume with liquid gas would be 700 to 900 litres of LNG, a tank dimension that could easily be

fitted to the side of the truck chassis. LNG is therefore opening the use of NG to medium and long-
distance road transport.

LNG has huge potential to contribute to meeting the Commissions targets for greenhouse gas

reduction and air quality, while simultaneously reducing dependency on crude oil and guaranteeing

security of supply. Natural gas-powered heavy duty vehicles already comply with Euro V emission

standards and have enormous potential to reach future Euro VI emission standards without complex

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exhaust gas aftertreatment technologies, thereby avoiding increased procurement and maintenance
costs.

To accomplish its objective the LNG Blue Corridors project has defined a roadmap of LNG refuelling

points along four corridors covering the Atlantic area (green line), the Mediterranean region (red

line) and connecting Europes South with the North (blue line) and its West and East (yellow line)

accordingly. In order to implement a sustainable transport network for Europe, the project has set
the goal to build 14 new LNG or L-CNG stations, both permanent and mobile, at critical locations

along the Blue Corridors while building up a fleet of approximately 100 LNG-Powered Heavy Duty

Vehicles (HDVs). These vehicles will be provided by the primary manufacturers of LNG-powered
HDVs including Volvo, Iveco, Daimler/Hardstaff, and Renault Trucks.

This European project is financed by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), with the amount of

7.96 M (total investments amounting to 14.33 M), involving 27 partners from 11 countries.

LNG Blue Corridors Project is supported by the European Commission

under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). The sole


responsibility for the content of the website lies with the authors. It

does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.

Neither the FP7 nor the European Commission are responsible for any

use that may be made of the information contained therein.

This document corresponds to the first deliverable within work package 4. It is an overview of the

regulations about LNG HD. It will be available in internet through the next link:
http://www.lngbluecorridors.eu/ which can be consulted by any user. It has a public access.

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1.2 Current situation about regulation of LNG refuelling


station
Experience has shown that the lack of common standards within the European Union is the main
obstacle for a wide deployment of heavy-duty vehicles powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG). This

report describes the different regulations in the majority of European countries regarding the
construction of LNG fuelling stations.

This document is focused mostly on safety and environmental aspects. Safety requirements,

emissions, noise pollution and security devices are some of the main aspects discussed therein.

Some of the information offered has unfortunately not been described in detail for some countries,
mainly because of the lack of detailed set of requirements at local level.

All countries involved in the four corridors involved in the Blue Corridors project have been included,

however, a few countries within the EU-28 have not been considered. The reasons are that there are
no current normative nor CNG/LNG stations built and none are foreseen at the time of writing.

It is to be considered that, on the one hand, these previously mentioned aspects are enough to build

LNG fuelling stations in line with existing safety standards. However, on the other hand, technical
features like delivery pressure or compatibility of coupling devices are also crucial and must be

taken into account in order to achieve the standardization target.

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2 Terms and definitions


For a complete understanding of this document, some definitions are offered (arranged in

alphabetical order):

A. Break away device

Device on the fuelling hose that disconnects the hose when a tension limit is exceeded and stops
flow (for example, if the vehicle moves away with the fuelling hose connected). (See yellow device in

Figure 2-1).

Figure 2-1 Break away devices. Source: HAM

B. Boil-off gas

Boil-off gas is the gas produced from evaporation of LNG in the storage tank and in other parts of

the station and also includes the gas return from the vehicle tank, due to heat leak into the tank.

C. Cryogenic

Cryogenics is the study of production of extremely cold temperatures, how to produce them, and

how materials behave at those temperatures.

D. Cryogenic pump

Pump which raises LNG to a higher pressure, typically a centrifugal (used preferably for delivery of

LNG to the LNG dispenser) or reciprocating piston pump (used preferably for delivery of high-

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pressure liquid into the high-pressure vaporizer for buffer storage and/or direct dispensing CNG
see Figure below).

Figure 2-2 LNG Station scheme and location of the cryo-pump. Source: GNVERT

E. Delivery pressure or fuelling pressure

Pressure at which the gas is delivered to the vehicle

Figure 2-3 NG delivery operation. Source: NGVA

F. Filling

Transfer of LNG from an LNG tanker to the LNG storage tank.

G. Fuelling

Transfer of LNG from the station dispenser to the fuel tank of a vehicle

H. Fuelling pressure or delivery pressure

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Pressure at which the gas is delivered to the vehicle.

I. Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Natural gas from fossil sources, basically a mixture of methane and heavier hydrocarbons (mainly

ethane, propane and butane in units or fractions of percent), purified, possibly upgraded to higher

methane content and liquefied. For the purpose of this standard, liquefied, upgraded methane-rich

gas such as liquefied biogas (LBG, biomethane), landfill gas, coal-bed gas, etc. can be considered

under this definition.

J. LCNG station

A fuelling station that delivers LNG from a storage tank to the vaporizer, and then as compressed

natural gas (CNG), to CNG vehicle high-pressure cylinders in gaseous phase. The station can be

encountered in literature under the abbreviations L-CNG or L/CNG station.

Figure 2-4 LCNG Station. Source: GNVERT

K. LNG and LCNG station

A fuelling station that is capable of fuelling LNG vehicles.

L. LNG dispenser

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Equipment through which the liquefied natural gas is supplied to the vehicle.

Figure 2-5. LNG dispenser. Source: NGVA

M. LNG fuelling receptacle

Device connected to a vehicle fuel storage system that receives the LNG fuelling nozzle and permits

safe transfer of fuel.

N. LNG fuelling nozzle

Device that permits quick connection and disconnection of fuel supply hose to the LNG receptacle in

a safe manner.

Figure 2-6. LNG fuelling nozzle. Source: NGVA

O. LNG station

Station that delivers LNG from a storage tank to the LNG vehicle fuel tank in liquid phase.

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Figure 2-7. LNG station. Source: Gasrec

P. LNG storage tank

Cryogenic vessel used for the purposes of storing liquefied natural gas.

Figure 2-8. Storage tank. Source: Chart

Q. LNG tanker

Vehicle that delivers LNG for offloading to the station storage tank.

R. LNG vehicle tank

Cryogenic tank mounted on a vehicle for the storage of LNG as a fuel for that vehicle.

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Figure 2-9. LNG truck: Iveco Stralis. Source: Iveco

S. Natural gas

Gaseous fuel containing a mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but sometimes including

ethane, propane and other hydrocarbons. It generally also includes some inert gases, such as

nitrogen and carbon dioxide, plus trace constituents, e.g. from its storage/transport in pipelines or

wells.

T. Pressurization

A phenomenon that occurs when cryogenic liquid vaporizes, creating increased pressure when

trapped between valves or other closing elements.

U. Safety distance

Minimum separation between a hazard source and an object that will mitigate the effect of a likely
foreseeable incident and prevent a minor incident from escalating into a larger incident

V. Saturation pressure

Pressure at which the liquid of certain thermal state (certain temperature) boils. Saturation pressure

is used as an expression of thermal state of LNG. LNG of different compositions will be at a different

temperature at the same saturation pressure.

W. Isolation switch

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Devices designed to avoid the complete loss of liquid in accidental situations.

X. Venting

The release of gas that has boiled from a liquid to a gaseous phase. The design and operation of the

station shall minimize the venting of boil-off gas to the atmosphere.

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3 Abbreviations

CNG Compressed natural gas

ESD Emergency shut-down

LCNG Compressed natural gas, sourced from LNG

LNG Liquefied natural gas

SD Spill detection

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Summary of International and


4

European standards and regulations


4.1 European Standards
Some standards cover multiple aspects of LNG facilities. They can be used for LNG stations in certain

circumstances, in absence of specific standards for certain applications.

EN 1160:1996  Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas - General


characteristics of liquefied natural gas

This standard covers LNG facilities with storages over 200 tons.

EN 1473: 2007  Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas design of onshore

installations

This standard covers LNG facilities with storages over 200 tons.

EN 13645: 2001  Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas Design of onshore

installations with a storage capacity of between 5 t and 200 t

This standard includes LNG Satellite Stations even though it is not specifically referring to L-CNG

filling stations. However LNG and L-CNG filling stations are not entirely covered by this standard.

4.2 International Standards


ISO/DIS 16924  Natural gas fuelling stations LNG stations for fuelling vehicles

Status: under development by ISO/PC 252. Enquiry stage, DIS registered (2013-10-16). Target

publication date: 2016-04-15.

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Scope: Design, construction and operation of stations for fuelling LNG to vehicles; including
equipment, safety devices and maintenance.

4.3 Some aspects uncovered in the current regulations


and standards
4.3.1 LNG nozzles and receptacles
There is no European or International standard that ensures the compatibility of LNG nozzles and
receptacles. There is ongoing work for the standardisation of a given LNG receptacle dimension

(upcoming ISO Standard ISO/DIS 12617, which will then be incorporated in the UNECE R110
regulation), but this work does not cover the compatibility between nozzles and receptacles.

There are three main types of nozzles and receptacles: JC Carter, Parker Kodiak and Macrotech.

Types of Nozzles Types of Receptacles

JC Carter JC Carter

Parker Kodiak Parker Kodiak

Macrotech Macrotech

Figure 4-1.. Main types of nozzles and receptacles. Source: JC Carter, Parker Kodiac and Macrotech
There are compatibility issues in two cases:

- Between Parker Kodiak nozzles and JC Carter receptacles; and

- Between Parker Kodiak nozzles and JC Carter receptacles.

On one hand, a Parker Kodiak nozzle requires a Parker Kodiak receptacle because it relies on

Parkers unique twist clamping, whereas a JC Carter or a Macrotech nozzle can fill any receptacle. On
the other hand, any nozzle can fill the Parker receptacle, whereas JC Carter and Macrotech

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receptacles can only be filled by JC Carter or Macrotech nozzles (JC Carter nozzles and Macrotech
receptacles are compatible, as well as Macrotech nozzles and JC Carter receptacles). It is also

important to note that adaptors between different types of nozzles and receptacles are illegal in
the EU for safety reasons.

JC Carter nozzle is the de facto standard in North America and China. There are hundreds of JC

Carter nozzles in service across the world. Macrotech and JC Carter receptacles (which are fully
compatible with JC Carter nozzles) are the most common in North America and China. There is a lot

of experience globally with the JC Carter nozzles connecting to the Macrotech receptacle.

Nearly all the LNG stations built in Europe in recent years use JC Carter nozzles (and Macrotech for

gas return). Parker Kodiak nozzles are used in some stations, almost exclusively in the UK and the
Netherlands.

Examples of other aspects that are not covered by the current European and International

regulations and standards in force or under development

- Fuelling infrastructure operations including safety aspects in the refuelling operation of LNG

vehicles (Dutch PGS 33 guidelines under development; Part 1 LNG truck fuelling).

- Consumer information about LNG price, displayed at the station and/or provided to the

consumer otherwise

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5 Summary of regulations for the


European countries involved in the
project
The following countries are involved in the four corridors called Mediterranean (red), Atlantic
(green), South to North (blue) and West to East (yellow), (arranged in alphabetical order):

Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands

and United Kingdom.

Figure 5-1.. European countries involved. Source: LNG Blue Corridors

Regulations regarding safety and environmental concerns in these countries are analysed below.

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5.1 BELGIUM
A. Based on

There is no uniform LNG regulation. Based on a regulation available from the regional authority.

B. Status

For now there will be no specific Belgian initiative for regulation.

C. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is: 8 bar

D. Site safety requirements

Emergency Shutdown System, containment (complete content of tank), camera control, private fire

brigade stand-by (service agreement with next door company). Station layout: traffic only in one
direction to prevent collision.

E. Pollution emissions

Boil-off gas injected in private grid to avoid methane emissions to the atmosphere.

F. Noise pollution

Not applicable.

G. Prevention of fire

SD, gas / fire detection, camera control, 24 hours private fire brigade stand-by.

H. Prevention of LNG spills

The LNG tanks shall have a specific design to avoid leakage in case of accident.

I. Prevention of venting of natural gas

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Injection in private grids.

J. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Yes.

Protection against collision? Yes.


Isolation switch? Yes, ESD (Emergency Shut Down System). The ESD system initiates
several sequential actions to protect the line from severe surge pressure. It is designed to
rapidly respond to emergencies preventing from exceeding the specified design pressure of
the LNG loading line, with approximate closure times of 30-seconds for the main transfer
valves and pump transfer valves, and 20-seconds for the loading arm transfer valves.
Prevention of pressurization? Yes, as specified in the previous point.

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5.2 CROATIA
A. Status

Currently there is no LNG fuelling station and there arent any regulations yet concerning building
and maintenance of the LNG station in Croatia.

B. Delivery pressure

Unknown in practice for the time being as there is not any LNG station yet.

5.3 FRANCE
C. Based on

There is not uniform LNG regulation. Based on national and local regulation for CNG station as ICPE

1412 liquefied flammables gas (manufactured storage tanks), 1413 - Natural gas or biogas
pressure (tank filling systems), 1414 - Liquefied flammable gases (filling plant or distribution)

D. Status

For now there will be no specific French initiative for regulation.

E. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. Unknown in practice for the time being as there is not any

LNG station yet.

F. Site safety requirements

It should meet French regulation ICPE 1412, 1413 and 1414 as CNG stations. Especially regarding

safety distances between the tank, the property limit, the public roads, public building.

G. Pollution emissions

According to the local pollution regulation. Venting to the atmosphere is not allowed. Possibility of

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storage in gas bottles.

H. Noise pollution

Limited as per ICPE 1412, 1413 and 1414: 60dB@ property limit at night and 70dB during the day.

I. Prevention of fire

Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Based as per ICPE 1412, 1413 and 1414.

J. Prevention of LNG spills

LNG storage tank is prepared to endure accidental situations. No reference about the piping.

K. Prevention of venting of natural gas

See point on prevention of pollution emissions above

L. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Yes. Furthermore there shall be a gas detector inside the dispenser.
Protection against collision? Based as per ICPE 1412, 1413 and 1414: Yes, it will be
installed. The dispensing unit shall be protected against vehicle collision.
Isolation switch? Yes.
Prevention of pressurization? Yes.

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5.4 GERMANY
M. Based on

There is no uniform LNG regulation. Based on the ISO/DIS 16924 for LNG fuelling stations, the Dutch
standard for LNG fuelling stations PGS 33-1:2013 Dutch regulation for LNG station, DIN EN 13645 -

Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas, and DVGW G215 - LNG for industrial

installations.

N. Status

At the moment, in Portugal, legislation regarding LNG stations is being developed. Approval is

expected for February 2014.

O. Delivery pressure

Unknown in practice for the time being as there is not any LNG station yet.

5.5 ITALY
P. Based on

There is no uniform LNG regulation. Based on national and local standard for CNG fuelling stations

as Ministry Decree No.28 and D.M 28 June 2002 S.O. G.U. No 161 regarding the NG delivering.

Q. Status

For now there will be no specific Italian initiative for regulation.

R. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is 8 bar.

S. Site safety requirements

EN 13645 - Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas, Italian Guideline for LCNG station,

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Italian standard for CNG Station.

In addition to the above mentioned standards, guidelines and decrees, the constructor shall present
a risk analysis of the project to the competent local and regional authorities.

T. Pollution emissions

U. Noise pollution

V. Prevention of fire

Natural gas temperature monitoring in gas and liquefied state, pressure monitoring, and tank filling

level monitoring by security devices. Control of the buffer cylinders and the cryogenic storage (both

done by an authorized company).

A technical guide published by the Italian Ministry of Interior (Dipartamento dei vigili del fuocco, del
soccorso pubblico e della difesa civile) this year (2013), includes the measures in prevention of fire

relating to the delivery of LNG to cryogenic tanks used in fuelling stations for CNG vehicles. This
technical guide includes location requirements for the station and the LNG tank, the installation
3
requirements (the tank must be fixed on the ground, the maximum capacity must be 100 m and
must be provided on an alarm system that is activated when pressure reaches 80% of the design

pressure), installation of safety barriers, requirements for the refilling system of the cryogenic tank,

grounding requirements and fire protections systems. Also are described the minimum safety
distances between the cryogenic tank and the rest of elements of the station and to the external

elements.

W. Prevention of LNG spills

According to EN 13645/2006 a system capable of holding a total possible spill of LNG must be

included. Foam extinguishing system, gas detectors, containment pool for LNG leakages, gas

leakages detection monitoring. The technicians have portable gas sensors to detect LNG.

X. Prevention of venting of natural gas

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Y. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Yes.


Protection against collision? Yes.
Isolation switch? Yes.
Prevention of pressurization? Yes.

5.6 PORTUGAL
A. Based on

There is no uniform LNG regulation. The temporary requirements are those contained in the ISO/DIS

16924 - Natural Gas Fuelling Stations, LNG Stations for fuelling Vehicles.

B. Status

At the moment, in Portugal, legislation regarding LNG stations is being developed.

C. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is 8 bar and 16 bar.

D. Site safety requirements

All equipment, components, pipework, fittings and materials shall be of an approved type and
manufacture and shall be assembled in a manner suitable for their intended use, for the full range of

pressures, types of gas, working temperatures, weather conditions (maximum and minimum

temperature, maximum wind, rain, snowfall etc.) and loadings, which may occur under normal and

unusual conditions, like an earthquake, e.g. These shall be supported by appropriate certification.

Equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

The design of the station's cryogenic piping and cryogenic pressure vessels shall be in accordance
with the valid legislation and standards for this equipment. Some of these standards are ISO 20421 -

Cryogenic vessels, large transportable vacuum-insulated vessels, ISO 21011 - Cryogenic vessels,
valves for cryogenic service, ISO 21013-1 - Cryogenic vessels, pressure-relief accessories for

cryogenic service and ISO 24490 - Cryogenic vessels: Pumps for cryogenic service.

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E. Pollution emissions

Methane emissions under normal operation shall be strictly limited to nozzle

connection/disconnection operations, hose disconnection and purging during tanker unloading, and

possibly to other minor discharges of gas resulting from the nature of the equipment and with no
reasonable alternative for prevention.

Methane emissions under emergency situations (i.e. relief valve opening, first filling of the tank,

repairs) shall be minimized by suitable design and operation precautions.

F. Noise pollution

Control of noise shall comply with local legislation (this is an aspect that is negotiated with the local

authorities on a case-by-case scenario) and site requirements. The noise originated by machines, gas

flow in pipes, switching of valves and other sources during normal operation shall be limited as
required by local regulations. Where necessary, anti-noise walls or screens may be used for noise

reduction.

G. Prevention of fire

Explosion protection measures: are mandatory in accordance with EN 1127-1 Explosive

atmospheres. All electrical and non-electrical equipment and components, intended for use in

potentially explosive atmospheres (hazardous area), shall be designed and manufactured according
to good engineering practice and in conformity with the required categories for group II equipment,

to ensure avoidance of any ignition source, as mentioned in EN 1127-1.

Equipment and components shall be designed in accordance with requirements for Explosion Group
IIA and temperature class T3 as defined in IEC EN 60079-0 - Explosive atmospheres- and applicable

standards for non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (e.g. EN 13463
1 - Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres).

Electrical installations used in potentially explosive atmospheres shall comply with the requirements

of applicable norms and shall have appropriate types of protection. On-electrical equipment used in

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potentially explosive atmospheres shall comply with the requirements of applicable standards.

Light alloy materials, when used, shall conform to the applicable norm requirements. They shall not
be used for components which, when melted in fire, would cause release of natural gas.

If other specifications for explosion protected equipment impose other requirements, more stringent

requirements shall apply then.

H. Prevention of LNG spills

Isolation: LNG storage tank and its equipment shall be designed to avoid the complete loss of liquid

in accidental situations. Isolation valves can be welded on liquid pipes connected to a pressure
vessel as close as possible to the vessel, and in case a vacuum insulated vessel is used, as close as

possible to the vacuum jacket.

Isolation valves shall be installed on liquid inputs and outputs and gas outputs of the storage tank
as close as possible to the outer vessel. A secondary shut-off valve has to be used before any

connection of the pipeline to the atmosphere. A check valve or shut-off-check valve is acceptable

instead of secondary shut off valve in case of the filling pipeline of the tank.

A normally closed actuated isolation valve triggered by the ESD system shall be fitted to the inlet of

any dispenser.

I. Prevention of venting of natural gas

The design and operation of the station shall minimize the venting of boil-off gas to the

atmosphere.

During normal operation, venting should be limited to minor releases of gas resulting, for example,

from disconnection of hoses or instrumentation and controls, boil-off gas from other parts of the
station may be returned to the storage tank for accumulation and/or treated in other suitable ways.

In case of emergency, venting of boil-off gas directly to the atmosphere is permitted provided that it

is vented in a safe manner to a safe location - for example, through a vent stack.

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J. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? According to the Portuguese legislation: Decreto Lei 1270 /2001, 8
Nov, article 49 Dispensers, the dispensers should have at least the following automatic
safety devices:
 Breakaway system;
 Valve (s) cutting.
The breakaway system shall break the connection of the hose to the dispenser at a defined
place in case of excess force. It shall close the separated parts so that spillage of LNG from
either or both of the parts is prevented.
For this purpose check valves shall be installed at each the separated parts. The
disconnection force (the axial force in the fuelling hose) of the break-away device shall be,
in any direction, a) lower than 850 N for high flow connectors according to ISO 12617
connector for refuelling vehicles; b) lower than 500 N for smaller connectors; c) lower than
70 % of the allowed extension force of the fuelling hose and lower than 80 % allowed force
in the hose with respect to the maximum allowed load of the LNG fueling connector
without leak or damage as defined in ISO 12617 or elsewhere for other connectors.
Protection against collision? The fuelling station components shall be adequately
protected against collision of vehicles. Special consideration shall be given to collision
protection of the storage and dispenser. Dispensers shall be positioned so that vehicles
have adequate space for manoeuvring into and out of the fuelling position.
The dispensing unit shall be protected against vehicle collision. In case of damage to the
dispenser despite the collision protector the station emergency and shut down system shall
be activated automatically.
Isolation switch? Start, stop and emergency stop buttons shall be the minimum operation
elements.
Prevention of pressurization? Filing pressure limits: the maximum LNG filling pressure,
technically achievable at the LNG storage tank filling nozzle during LNG filling, shall be
lower than the set pressure of the relief valve of the storage tank. As this depends on the
LNG tanker or LNG delivery system, only such systems that comply with this requirement
should be allowed to deliver LNG.
Where it is not possible to comply with the previous requirements, technical precautions for
prevention of over-pressurization of the storage tank shall be applied.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

5.7 SLOVENIA
K. Status

There are no norms for LNG/LCNG fuelling stations.

L. Delivery pressure

Unknown in practice for the time being as there is not any LNG station yet.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

5.8 SPAIN
M. Based on

There is not uniform LNG regulation. Based on national and local standard for CNG fuelling stations
as UNE 60631 - CNG stations for motor vehicles- and UNE 60210 - Satellite plants Liquefied Natural

Gas (LNG).

N. Status

For now there will be no specific Spanish initiative for regulation.

O. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is 8 and 16 bar.

P. Site safety requirements

In case of various vehicles trying to refuel, they must drive on a circular path so no one intercepts

the path of the other ones; furthermore in no case should it be necessary to turn back.

Safety distances depending on the plant capacity. This is an aspect that is dealt with in a case-by-
case scenario. Anti-intrusion remote CCTV security system connected to the Corporate Security

Centre

Q. Pollution emissions

Vents are avoided in normal operation as, if the conditions require it, the gas shall be conducted to

the vessel which provides natural gas to the compressors.

R. Noise pollution

Noise enclosures may be provided on a case-by-case basis for noise producing equipment (pumps,
compressors, etc.) according to the local regulatory body. Usual maximum noise levels are around

80 dB, depending on the kind of occupied soil and the nearby buildings/terrains.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

S. Prevention of fire

Control of the CNG buffer cylinders for LCNG fuelling stations and of cryogenic storage systems

shall be carried out by certified bodies as specified by UNE 60210 and UNE 60312.

T. Prevention of LNG spills

Safety containment for the cryogenic vessels shall be provided

U. Prevention of venting of natural gas

Provided that the vessel pressure does not increase above maximum operating pressure (which

would basically mean an unusual emergency), venting is conducted to the emission pipe and

prevented from release to the atmosphere.

V. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Yes.


Protection against collision? Yes.
Isolation switch? Yes.
Prevention of pressurization? Yes.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

5.9 SWEDEN
A. Based on

There is not uniform LNG regulation. Based on national and local standard for CNG fuelling stations
as TSA 2010 - Liquid and Natural Gas Pipeline Threat Assessment, MSBFS 2013:3 - Handling of

flammable gases and liquids, Plan- och bygglag (2010:900) Planning and building act, LNG-A 2010

- Maintenance of liquefied natural gas and liquefied biogas, 9 kap Miljbalken Third section,
chapter 9, rules for chemical products, PED 97/23/EG - Pressure Equipment directive.

B. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is from 6 bar to 12,5 bar.

C. Status

For now there will be no specific Swedish initiative for regulation. There is ongoing work to update
the National recommendations for CNG stations from Swedish Gas Association to also include the

LNG stations.

D. Site safety requirements

Building permit according to Plan- och bygglag (2010:900) and Permit for explosives and

flammables according to MSBFS 2013:3 - Handling of flammable gases and liquids which relates to

the law for explosives and flammables Lag (2010:1011) om brandfarliga och explosive varor and
National recommendations for CNG stations from Swedish Gas Association TSA 2010 (so far only for

CNG stations) and National recommendations for LNG tanks from Swedish Gas Association LNG-A

2010 (mostly for LNG tanks in industries)

E. Pollution emissions

Environmental permit according to "9 kap Miljbalken"

F. Noise pollution

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

Building permit according to Plan- och bygglag (2010:900)

G. Prevention of fire

Permit for explosives and flammables according to MSBFS 2013:3 - Handling of flammable gases

and liquids which relates to the law for explosives and flammables Lag (2010:1011) om brandfarliga

och explosive varor

H. Prevention of LNG spills

Environmental permit according to "9 kap Miljbalken".

Regulations for cisterns, tanks, rockstores and pipes for flammable gas SIFS 2000:4 freskrifter och

allmnna rd om cisterner, gasklockor, bergrum och rrledningar fr brandfarlig gas and Regulation
on preassure equipment, AFS 1994:4 Tryckbrande anordningar based on the directive PED

97/23/EG

I. Prevention of venting of natural gas

Environmental permit according to "9 kap Miljbalken"

J. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Yes.


Protection against collision? Yes.
Isolation switch? Yes. Regulation on pressure equipment, AFS 1994:4 Tryckbrande
anordningar based on the directive PED 97/23/EG and National recommendations for CNG
stations from Swedish Gas Association TSA 2010 (so far only for CNG stations) and National
recommendations for LNG tanks from Swedish Gas Association LNG-A 2010 (mostly for
LNG tanks in industries).
Prevention of pressurization? Yes.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

5.10 THE NETHERLANDS


A. Based on

PSG 33-1:2013

B. Status

Applicable. Published in June 2013

C. Delivery pressure

This is not established in any regulation. The delivery pressure in practice is: 3, 7 and 18 bar.

D. Site safety requirements

Sewer system and street gulleys: the site layout, slope of the floors and location of street gulleys

shall be such that any LNG released:

1. Cannot run into a street gulley;

2. Cannot run to another installation with hazardous substances;

3. Cannot run to/over the access roads;

4. Cannot accumulate under the LNG delivery installation, the LNG tanker or the motor vehicle

refuelling with LNG.

LNG storage tank: these vessels are double-walled, where an almost complete vacuum is created in
the space between the walls. In addition, that space is also filled with perlite, which limits the

insulation loss if the vacuum is lost.

Safety devices: regarding the filling process, the LNG storage tank shall be designed with two

independently operating level measuring systems according to NEN-EN 13645 that ensure that

filling of the LNG storage tank stops automatically on reaching the maximum filling capacity.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

For information about external and internal safety distances, follow document PSG 33-1:2013 points
5.3 and 5.4.

E. Pollution emissions

The municipality is the competent authority for the Environmental Licensing (General Provisions) Act

(Wabo). The provinces are the competent authority regarding environmental pollution. It may be

decided to use a regional execution service (Regionale uitvoeringsdienst RUD) to perform the tasks

of the competent authority.

F. Noise pollution

According to the competent authority for Environmental Licensing (municipality). This is an aspect

that is negotiated with the local authorities in a case-by-case scenario.

G. Prevention of fire

A fire extinguisher shall be suitable for fire classes B and C according to NEN-EN 2 and also meet the
requirements included in NEN-EN 3. The characteristics, performance requirements and test

methods for the fire extinguisher are based on NEN-EN 3-7, which shows that it is suitable for
fighting fire classes B and C. Fire extinguishers shall have an extinguishing capacity of at least 43A /

233B according to NEN-EN 3-7. Fire extinguishers shall be protected from or resistant to the effects

of the weather.

H. Prevention of LNG spills

Shut-off: all liquid connections to the tank are fitted with shut-off valves to prevent the storage tank

emptying in case of disasters. These shut-off valves can have a dual function. Firstly as a process

shut-off valve and secondly as a safety shut-off valve. In addition there are manually operated shut-

off valves for maintenance purposes.

Piping system: it is advisable to use welded joints whenever possible, because they are more reliable
in case of fluctuating temperatures.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

As soon as it is confirmed that an installation is leaking, the emergency shutdown shall be activated
and the local fire service shall be notified immediately.

I. Prevention of venting of natural gas

Safety valves: pressure relief equipment is fitted to prevent the pressure in the storage tank rising

too high under any circumstances. This equipment includes pressure safety devices and/or blow-off

safety devices.

J. Safety for the dispensers (devices):

Breakaway system? Break-away couplings shall be fitted in the delivery hoses.


Protection against collision? Every component of the LNG delivery installation, and in
particular the dispensers, filling points, pressure relief equipment and vent piping as well as
the blow-off safety device, shall be located such that there is no increased collision hazard
upon loading and offloading, nor is there any other hazard or damage from the
surrounding area. In places where a collision hazard exists, installation components shall be
protected in a suitable way in the direction from which collision may come.
Isolation switch? Yes
Prevention of pressurization? Yes, pressure safety devices or blow-off safety devices.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

6 Summary of regulations in European


countries not involved
The European Union countries not involved in Blue Corridors are Austria, Hungary, Estonia, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Finland,

Slovakia and Cyprus.

Figure 6-1.. European countries not involved. Source: NGVA

In all these countries there is not any LNG refuelling station today. In some cases, like Poland, they

use mobile refuelling stations to provide fuel to the vehicles. Neither is there specific LNG legislation
regarding the fuelling stations.

Just some of them like Austria, Hungary and Greece are developing legislation about LNG station.

In the case of Austria, LNG legislation will be based on the standards for CNG refuelling station

(VGW 97 (2005) - NGV Filling Stations - Design, Production, Installation and Operation of NGV

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

Filling Stations).

In the case of Hungary, it is elaborating regulations in parallel for the future projects according to
the ISO/DIS 16924 - Natural Gas Fuelling Stations, LNG Stations for fuelling Vehicles.

Finally in Greece, some national regulations for CNG stations will be applicable to LNG refilling

stations as N.3850/2010 Health and safety at work, MD 44105/1398/.103/2013 - Air pollution, MD


37393/2008 Noise limits for operating equipment.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

7 Summary of North American codes,


regulations and standards
In the U.S., LNG fuelling stations are designed and constructed to meet various specific national
codes and standards. These codes and standards are primarily issued by the National Fire Protection

Agency (NFPA) and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

In Canada, the single primary regulatory agency responsible for LNG design and safety is the

Canadian Standards Association (CSA), which provides codes and standards for all natural gas

fuelling stations and related equipment.

NFPA 59A  Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas -
2013

Applicability: Site selection, design, construction, and fire protection for LNG facilities.

NFPA 52  Vehicular Gaseous Fuel Systems Code 2013

Applicability: NFPA 52 safeguards people and installations with requirements that mitigate the fire

and explosion hazards associated with compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas

(LNG) engine fuel systems and fuelling facilities.

Provisions cover the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of CNG and LNG fuel systems

on all vehicle types--plus their respective compression, storage, and dispensing systems. This Code
applies to all facilities with LNG storage in containers of 70,000 gallons or less.

Comments: Very good source of guidance for CNG, LNG and L/CNG vehicles and fuelling facilities.

NFPA 57  Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems Code

Applicability: NFPA 57 shall apply to the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of liquefied

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

natural gas (LNG) engine fuel systems on vehicles of all types, to their associated fuelling
(dispensing) facilities, and to LNG to CNG facilities with LNG storage in ASME containers of 70,000
3
gal (265 m ) or less.

Comments: Main source of guidance for LNG vehicles but also fuelling facilities.

NFPA 88A  Standard for Parking Structures 1998

Applicability: Open, enclosed, basement and underground parking structures.

Comments: No special requirements for NGVs other than reference to NFPA 52 and 57.

NFPA 30  Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

Applicability: Topics covered include fire and explosion prevention and risk control, storage of

liquids in containers, storage of liquids in tanks, piping systems, processing facilities, bulk loading
and unloading, and wharves.

NFPA 30A  Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages 2012

Applicability: Facilities dispensing both gaseous and liquid fuels at the same facility.

Comments: Includes requirements of old 88B on repair garages.

API Standard 620  Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

Applicability: design and construction of large, field-assembled above ground storage tanks that

contain petroleum intermediates (gases or vapours) and finished products, as well as other liquid
products commonly handled and stored by the various branches of the industry. Covers LNG

storage tank design.

Comments: Published by the American Petroleum Institute (API).

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII (Pressure Vessels)

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Applicability: Some sections applicable to LNG containers used on vehicles and in fuelling stations.

Comments:

SAE J2645  Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicle Metering and Dispensing Systems

Applicability: LNG Vehicular Fuel Metering and Dispensing.

Comments: Published in 2009 by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

49 CFR 193  LNG Facilities Federal Safety Standards

Applicability: Safety standards for LNG facilities used in the transportation of gas by pipeline that is

subject to the pipeline safety laws.

Comments: Does not apply to LNG facilities used by ultimate consumers of LNG or natural gas.

40 CFR 80.33  Controls applicable to natural gas retailers and wholesale purchaser-
consumers

Applicability: Retailer and whole sale purchaser-consumers of NG.

Comments: EPA 1.2 gm limit on atmospheric venting per refuelling.

International Fire Code (IFC) 2012

Applicability: International fire code.

Comments: Check with local fire marshal on applicability.

CSA B108-99  Natural Gas Fuelling Stations Installation Code

Applicability: Canadian Std. applicable to fleet and public stations

CSA B108-99 Appendix B  Indoor Fuelling of Natural Gas Vehicles

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

Applicability: Canadian Std. Fuelling facilities within a building that has primary functions other than
fuelling. It does not cover public stations.

Comments: Published August 2001.

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LNG-BC D4.2 LNG Stations Regulations. State of the art. Public

8 Summary of Chinese regulations and


standards
China Automotive Technology and Research Centre (CATARC) has worked out a full set of NGV
standards, including CNG and LNG vehicles, fuelling stations, gas system etc.

The following standards are applicable to LNG stations:

o GBT 20368-2006  Production storage and handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

o NB/T 1001-2011  Technical standard for vehicle liquefied natural gas fuelling station

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