3

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.1

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.2

 )

:
)
::
.
) u:


.

= + u

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.3

z z z

=z u = w z = z





> .
= w

= w
w 10.0 kPa
- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.4
 ( ..)

1 :

( =)
) : vo, 1 h1 2 h2 3 h3

1: 1 hw
: u w zw
h1
((




)
2: 2 : vo, vo, u

h2 2 :
zw
:
vo, 1 hw 1 h1 hw 2 h2 3 h3
3: 3 :
h3
1 1 w 2 2 w 3 3 w

kN
kPa
m2
- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.5

:

,
( = w=10kPa)
-0.0m
-0.6m 0.6m
2.4m
1 =18
18 kN/m
kN/ 3
-3.0m
.

0.0m:
vo,0m 1 0 0 kPa
12 m
2 =21 kN/m3 u0m 0 kPa
vo,0m vo,0m u0m 0 kPa

-0.6m:
0 6m
-15.0m
vo,0.6m 1 0.6 18 0.6 10.8 kPa

u0.6m 0 kPa

vo,0.6m vo,0.6m u0.6m 10.8 kPa

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.6

 :

,
( = w=10kPa)
-0.0m
-0.6m 0.6m
-3.0m:
2.4m vo,3m
, 1 3.0 18 3.0 54.0 kPa
1 =18
18 kN/m
kN/ 3
-3.0m u3m w hw 10 2.4 24.0 kPa
vo,3m vo,3m u3m 54.0 24.0 30.0 kPa

12 m -15.0m:
2 =21 kN/m3
vo,15m 1 3.0 2 12.0
18 3.0 21 12.0 306.0 kPa

u15m w hw 10 14.4 144.0 kPa

-15.0m
vo,15m vo,15m u15m

306.0 144.0 162.0 kPa

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.7

u

10,8 10,8

54 24 30

306 144 162

(kPa) (kPa) (kPa)

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.8



h =
v ko

ko


.


ko
:

ko = 1 sin
((Jaky,
y, 1944))
ko = /(1-) (Terzaghi, 1943)
ko = 0.19
0 19 + 0
0.233
233 log IP (Kenney,
(Kenney 1959)

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.9

)




)

(
)

Boussinesq

Boussinesq
q

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.10



Boussinesq:
5

3P 1 2

2z2 1 r z 2


:
r =
z =
P P

r
z
r=0 z=.



- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.11

, :

45 ( ).
1 1
p1 p1=

B
45 45
z 2 z
p2 2
p2=
+2z
z z

:
1 = 2
p1 = p2 (+2z)
p1
p2 =
( + 2z)

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.12


Schleicher (1926)
Boussinesq (1885).

(, , .).

.






(. ).

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.13

-
(L>>B)

- :
zmax 5B~6B
zmax 2B

(: , 2005)

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.14


00
0.0 0 10
0.10
Js 0 15
0.15 0 20
0.20 0 25
0.25


:

0 05
0.05
0.0

2.0
- () 4.0

( )
0.5
6.0

8.0

10.0 1.0
: 12.0

Js qo 14.0 a/b=1
1.5

: 16.0
1.5 2 3
18.0

Js

20.0 2.0
() 22.0

z/b a/b ( L/B) z 24.0

5
25
2.5
26.0 10

28.0
qo q v,Df 30.0 3.0
( q=q )

32.0

34.0 b
, 36.0 3.5
z a
z
4 b 38.0
b
40.0 4.0
(: .., 1994)

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.15

.
Js,C
s C


:
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.0
0.0

- () ( 1.0 0.1

2.0 0.2

)
)

3.0 0.3

4.0 0.4

C
:
5.0 0.5

6.0 0.6

Js,C qo 7.0 0.7

: 8.0
1.5 2 3
0.8

90
9.0 a/b=1
a/b 1 5 10
09
0.9
Js,C 10.0 1.0

C () 11.0 1.1


z/b a/b ( L/B)) z 12.0

1.2

13.0 1.3

14.0 1.4

qo q v,Df 15.0 1.5

(
( q=q ) 16.0 b 1.6

17.0 a 1.7

C
z
18.0 1.8
z
b 19.0
19 0 19
1.9
b
( 1991) 20.0
(: .., 1994)
2.0

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.16


:
2.0x2.4m 500kN
1.0m ( ) cc=0 0 kN/m
kN/m,,
=30,
30 , =18
18 kN/m
kN/m..
3.0m :
()
()
:
500 kN
: q 104.17 2
2.0 2.4 m
() 4


.

2.0m z 2
z 2.0m 2
b 1 1.0m
JS 0.09
1.2
12
1.2 z
2.4m b 1 3.0m
kN
1.2m qo q v,Df 104.17 18 1.0 86.17 2
m
b 1.0m 4 Js qo 4 0.09 86.17 31.02 kPa
- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.17

()
.
b 2.0m z 2
z 2.0m 1
b 2 1 0m
1.0m
JS 0.24
2.4
1.2 z
2.4m b 2 3.0m
kN
qo q v,Df 104.17
104 17 18 1.0
1 0 86.17
86 17
m2
Js,C qo 0.24 86.17 20.68 kPa

?
( )
q = q = 104.17 kPa,

.

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.18


:
0.24 Js,C
0.09 J
s

2.0 1.0

z z z z
b b b b

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.19

: Boussinesq
( )


))


,
)


)
4 10 m. B=5m,, L=10m.
h=4m
B b=B
)
h /b=L/B=10/5=2
q =100 kPa 4 =L
z=0, z/B=0 Js=0,25
= Jsq = 0,25100= 25 kPa L

B z )
/b=(L/2)/(B/2)=5/2,5=2 B
b=B/2
=20 kN/m3 zz=0,
0, z/b
z/b=0
0 Js=0,25
0,25
=4Jsq =40,25100=100 kPa =L/2
L
) -

/b=L/B=10/5=2 B b=B
z=0, z/b=0 Js=1
= Jsq = 1100= 100 kPa =L

L
- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.20
 h=10m
) B b=B
/b=L/B=10/5=2
q =100 kPa h z=6, z/b=1,2Js=0,18 =L
4
= Jsq = 0,18100= 18 kPa L
)
B z /b=(L/2)/(B/2)=5/2,5=2 B
z=6, z/b=2,4 Js=0,09 b=B/2
=20 kN/m3 =
= 4Jsq =40,09100=36kPa
=40 09100=36kPa
=L/2
) - L

/b=L/B=10/5=2 B b=B
z=6, z/b=1,2 Js=0,25
= Jsqq = 0,25100=
, 25 kPa =L

L
- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.21

:


() ,
(=1,5 m).
1.5

4,5
3m ?
1217 m



B= 12 m

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.22

 , :
u=hww=3.010=30 kPa

:
U = uBL=301217=6120 kN

( )
6120 kN.

F.S.=1,5,
: 61201,5= 9180 kN.

- . (2009). . (2010) . 3.23