6

, 2010

: (3 ) . 6.2
(.... ) (. )

,

(
(



)
)

 : (3 ) . 6.3
(.... ) (. )

( .. 1994) :
-




-

-
-

( .. 1994) :
-
-

-

- ()

: (3 ) . 6.4
(.... ) (. )

:
-

-
(L>>B)

- :
zmax 5B5B~6B
6B
zmax 2B

(: , 2005)
 : (3 ) . 6.5
(.... ) (. )

0.0 0.10
Js 0.15 0.20 0.25
0.05
: 0.0

2.0

-



4.0
0
0.5

() ( ) 6.0

8.0



10 0
10.0 10
1.0

: 12.0

14.0 a/b=1
Js qo 16.0
1.5

: 18.0
1.5 2 3

Js 20.0 2.0

() 22.0

24.0
z/b a/b ( L/B) z 5
2.5
26.0 10
28.0
qo q v,Df 30.0 3.0

( q=q ) 32.0

34.0 b
3.5
,
z 36.0 a
z
4 b 38.0 b

40.0 4.0
(: .., 1994)

: (3 ) . 6.6
(.... ) (. )

Js,C
: 0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.0

1.0 0.1
-


()
2.0 0.2

( ) 3.0 0.3

4.0 0.4

5.0 0.5
C : 6.0 0.6

Js,C qo 7.0 0.7

:
80
8.0 0.8
1.5 2 3 5 10
9.0 a/b=1 0.9

Js,C 10.0 1.0

C () 11.0 1.1

z/b a/b ( L/B) z 12.0

1.2

13.0 1.3
14.0 1.4

qo q v,Df 15.0 1.5

( q=q ) 16.0 b 1.6

17.0 a 1.7

C z
18.0 1.8
z
b
19.0 1.9
b
20.0 2.0
( 1991) (: .., 1994)
 : (3 ) . 6.7
(.... ) (. )

( )

= i + c + s
i - (immediate) :

( ).

c (consolidation):


,

s
(secondary)
( y)

:

: (3 ) . 6.8
(.... ) (. )

:
-



( c = s = 0)
-
( ).
)

.
-
( ).
-
.

. Bowles
(1997), Barnes (2000), Das (1999), (1991), (2005), Day
(2006).
 : (3 ) . 6.9
(.... ) (. )

( , Schmertmann) :
-



Schmertmann et al.
al (1978)


:
n
IZ,i
Z i z i v,Df
i C1 C2 q C1 1 0.5 0.5 C2 1 0.2 log 10t
i 1 Es,i q ( C2=1)
z
s z
: B
v,Df Df
Df B x L q

q q q v,Df Df
q
q
t t (>0.1)
z
zi



ES ()

IZ : s ,

: (3 ) . 6.10
(.... ) (. )

( , Schmertmann) :
-



Schmertmann et al.
al (1978)


:
n
IZ,i
Z i z i v,Df
i C1 C2 q C1 1 0.5 0.5 C2 1 0.2 log 10t
i 1 Es,i q ( C2=1)
z
s z
Z
0.1 0.2
Iz
0.5 Z,max
q
IZmax 0.5 0.1
v Z,max

v
/2

L/B=1
( ) 2

3 L/B=10

z z=0
Z,i 4
( )
 : (3 ) . 6.11
(.... ) (. )

2.2x2.2m

500kN

2.0m ( ) =0.28, s=20 MPa, =16 kN/m.
Schmertmann et al. () () 20

:
(i) :
N 500 kN
q 103.31 2
B L 2.2 2.2 m
Iz L/B=1,

2=4.4m . 500kN

(ii) Iz,max ( L/B=1 .

z=B/2=1.1m)
z=B/2=1 1m) 2 0m
2.0m

v,Df Df 16 2 32 kPa z
4.4m
q
q q q v,Df 103.31
103 31 32 71
71.31
31 kPa
IZmax 0.5
0 5 0.1
01
v
v Df 1.1 16 3.1 49.6 kPa

: (3 ) . 6.12
(.... ) (. )

:
Iz
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
q 71.31
71 31 0.0
IZmax 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.62
v 49.6 0.5

1.0
(iii) Iz,max
, a 1.5

: 2.0
z (m)

2.5
z 0m IZ 0.10 3.0

z 1.1m
1 1 IZ IZmax 0
0.62
62 3.5

4.0
z 4.4m IZ 0
4.5

5.0
(i )
(iv) C1
v,Df 32
C1 1 0.5 0.5 C1 1 0.5 0.776 0.5
q 71.31

(v) C2

() C2 1

() T=20 C2 1 0.2 log 10 20 1.46

 : (3 ) . 6.13
(.... ) (. )

:
(vi) :
4.4m
4 1.1m.
Z
Iz
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
00
0.0
zi ((m)) zi ((m)) Ei ((kPa)) Izi Izi*zi/Ei
(z=0.55m) 1 0.5
1 1.1 0.55 20000 0.360 1.9810-5
1.0
1.10m
1.5 2 1.1 1.65 20000 0.517 2.8410-5
(z=1.65m) 2
2.0
2.20m 3 11
1.1 2 75
2.75 20000 0 310
0.310 10-5
1 7010
1.70
z (m)

2.5
(z=2.75m) 3
3.30m
3.0 4 1.1 3.85 20000 0.103 0.5710-5
3.5
(z=3.85m) 4 4.0 (Izi*zi/Ezi) 7.0910-5
4.40m 45
4.5

(vi) Schmertmann:

() i C1 C2 q IZ,i z i 0.776
n
0 776 1 71
71.31 7 09 105 0.00393
31 7.09 0 00393 m
i 1 Es,i

() t=20 i 0.776 1.46 71.31 7.09 105 0.00573 m

: (3 ) . 6.14
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :





:

()


-




( )
-

() i

-
((i < )
- =u =u=0.5 (
, . . 6.47)
-

 : (3 ) . 6.15
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
-






(Bowles 1997, Das 2007) :
1 2 1 2v
2
i qo B* S IF S F1 F2 IF ,F1 ,F2 ( )
s 1v
:
qo (. 6.5) B
B

BxL qo
L

(L B) Df
Es sEu (. 6.47)





z

4B


Poisson (vu .
6.47)
6 47)
: s ,
IS , IF

: (3 ) . 6.16
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
-






(Bowles 1997, Das 2007) :
1 2 1 2v
2
i qo B* S IF S F1 F2 IF ,F1 ,F2 ( )
s 1v
:

4 1
B
B* B
2
L L
m
B B
2H H
n
B B
 : (3 ) . 6.17
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
-






(Bowles 1997, Das 2007) :
1 2 1 2v
2
i qo B* S IF S F1 F2 IF ,F1 ,F2 ( )
s 1v
:


0.93 (Bowles 1997)

0.67 0.75 ( 2005)

S ((Bowles))
E1z1 E2 z2 .. Enzn
s (Bowles 1997)
z
i zi

z min H ,5B

: (3 ) . 6.18
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
F1 F2 IS
 : (3 ) . 6.19
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
F1 F2 IS

: (3 ) . 6.20
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
IF

= 0.0 = 0.3 = 0.4 = 0.5

(: Das, 2007)

: Df = 0 IF = 1.0
 : (3 ) . 6.21
(.... ) (. )

- Steinbrenner (-) :
-



:
B 1: 1
qo 2: 2 = 2 - 2
Df

1: 1 , 1
1 Df Df
1
2: 2 , 2
2
2: 2 , 2 2

2 2 2: 2 , 2 2
2 2: 2 , 2 2

2:


) 2
2
= 1 + 2 ) 2

: (3 ) . 6.22
(.... ) (. )

2.2x2.2m

500kN

2.0m ( ) =0.28, s=20 MPa, =16 kN/m.
Steinbrenner Schmertmann

:
Steinbrenner .





:

1 2
i qo B* S IF 0.93 0.67 0.75
s
(i)





:

N 500 kN
q 103.31 2
B L 2.2 2.2 m
, qo

:
q q v,Df
q 103.31 32 71.31 kPa qo=q=103.31kPa
v,Df Df 16 2 32 kPa
 : (3 ) . 6.23
(.... ) (. )

:

(ii) :
4 1
4 m L /B 1 B
B *
B
2
*
/ 2 1.1m
1 1m n 2H / B ( >>) m
L L
B B
2H H
n
B B
(iii) IS
1 2v
S F1 F2 F1 ,F2 ( m=1 n=100) m
1v
1 2 0.28
0 28
: S 0.555 0.002 0.556
1 0.28

(iv)
(i )

IF
:
0 3 ( 0.28)
v 0.3
F 0.67
L Df 2 = 0.3
1 0.91
B B 2.2

: (3 ) . 6.24
(.... ) (. )

:
(v) :

1 2 1 0.282
i qo B* S IF 71.31 4 1.1 0.556 0.67 0.00539 m
s 20000

kN 1 0.282 kN m2
71.31 4 1.1m 0.556 0.67 m m
m2 kN m2 kN
20000 2
m

(vi) :

(Bowles 1997)
0.93 0.93 0.00539 0.00501 m

( 2005) 0.67 0.75

0.00361 m 0.00404 m

(vii) Schmertmann ( ):

Schmertmann: () () t=20

.
i 0.00393 m i 0.00573 m
.
 : (3 ) . 6.25
(.... ) (. )

:








5m ( Steinbrenner).
:
Steinbrenner
,
,


n
IS
(i) IS: :
m
2H 2 5 4.55 4.00 0.437
n 4.55
4 55 F1 0.408
0 408 0 437 0.408
0 408 0.424
0 424
B 2.2 5.00 4.00
m L /B 1 4.55 4.00 0.031 0.037 0.034
F2 0.037
5.00 4.00
1 2v 1 2 0.28
S F1 F2 0.424 0.034 0.445
1v 1 0.28
1 2 1 0.282
:
i qo B* S IF 71.31 4 1.1 0.445 0.67 0.00431 m
s 20000
5m 4.31mm < 5.39mm

: (3 ) . 6.26
(.... ) (. )

() :
-





() i :
(..
( Steinbrenner )
(.. Janbu et al. 1956)
()

c :



() s : ,

-







) -
.
)
 : (3 ) . 6.27
(.... ) (. )

(Janbu et al):
-








Janbu et al. (1956) :
qo B 0
i 0 1
Eu 1
:
qo (. 6.5)
B
Eu

( , 2005)

: (3 ) . 6.28
(.... ) (. )

2.2x2.2m

500kN

2.0m ( ) u=20 MPa, =16
kN/m. Janbu et al.

:
Janbu et al. :
qo B
i 0 1
Eu
((i))






:
N 500 kN
q 103.31 2
B L 2.2 2.2 m
,
qo

:
q q v,Df
q 103.31 32 71.31 kPa qo=q=103.31kPa
v,Df Df 16 2 32 kPa
 : (3 ) . 6.29
(.... ) (. )

:
(ii) 0 1 :
L
1
B
0 0.75
0 75
Df 2
0.91
B 2.2

L
1 ()
B
1 0.70
0 70
H
H B
B

(iii) :
qo B
i 0 1
Eu
71.31 2.2
i 0.75 0.70 0.0041 m
20000

: (3 ) . 6.30
(.... ) (. )

:
-









.
-


Cc , Cr ((


-

)

-

,



.
 : (3 ) . 6.31
(.... ) (. )

:
-









:
()



()

10m

15m

: (3 ) . 6.32
(.... ) (. )

:
() c vo

n
Cc,i i
c Hi log vo,i

i 1 1 eo,i vo,i
((
Hi B/3))
oi vo i
() vo c vo
n
Cr,i n Cc,i vo,i i
c Hi log c,i H 1 e log

i 1 1 eo,i vo,i
i
c,i
i 1 o,i
() vo c
n Cr,i vo,i i
c H 1 e
i log
vo,i


i 1 o,i
Cc , Cr
Hi , eo,i i
v,i , c,i I
i i
 : (3 ) . 6.33
(.... ) (. )

:
() c vo Cc 0.009 WL 10
Terzaghi and Peck (1967)
() vo c vo
() vo c Cc 0.54 eo 0.35
Nishida (1956)

Cc 0.014 w 13.4

eo
eo

Nishida

:
()
Cr () Cr () Cr 0.10 Cc
..
((1994))
- -
Cc Cc

logc log logc log

: (3 ) . 6.34
(.... ) (. )

( ) :
-








:
Cv t
c,t U c, U Tv
H2s

U C v (cm/s)
C, t (sec*)
Hs (cm*)


((*
Cv)
(1 2 3)


H
Hs
2

Hs H
( :
, 2009)
 : (3 ) . 6.35
(.... ) (. )

( ) :
-








:
Cv t
c,t U c, U Tv
H2s

(1 2 3)

U
Tv

(
2009, Barnes 2000)

: (3 ) . 6.36
(.... ) (. )

:

3.0x3.0m

900kN

2.0m ( ) 6m,
eo=0.80, =20 kN/m, WL=24%. (OCR=1)
1 ( Cv=10 m2/).
/)
:
:
n Cc,i vo,i i B=3m
c H 1 e
i log
vo,i


i 1 o,i q

Df=2m
(i) Cc : =18kN/m
Terzaghi and Peck (1967) 1
z
0 009 WL 10 0
Cc 0.009 0.126
126 2 1m
3
(ii) :
WL=24% 4 =6m
eo=0.80
=0 80
5
/3=1m, 6 =20kN/m 6

 : (3 ) . 6.37
(.... ) (. )

:
(iii)
vo ,
(.
( 3):
( )
vo i
hi ( ). : vo,3 18 kN
m3
2m 20 kN 3 2.5m 86 kPa
m
u w zw ( zw )
u3 10 kN 3 2.5m 25 kPa
m
vo vo u ( ) vo,3 86 25 61 kPa B=3m

q
(
( )
)
Df=2m
=18kN/m
C 1
z
JsC qo 2 1m

900 3
q 100 kPa
33 WL=24% 4 =6m
q q v,Df 100 2 18 64kPa
64kP eo=0.80
=0 80
5
=20kN/m 6
a
a b 3.0 m 1 J sC
a L , b B
b

: (3 ) . 6.38
(.... ) (. )

:
0.126 i
(iv) c,i : c,i 1m log vo,i
1 0.8 vo,i

Hi (m) vo (kPa) u (kPa) vo (kPa) z/b Js,C (kPa) Hc,i (m)

1 1.00 46.00 5.00 41.00 0.17 0.72 46.08 0.0229
2 1.00 66.00 15.00 51.00 0.50 0.39 24.96 0.0121
3 1.00 86.00 25.00 61.00 0.83 0.26 16.64 0.0073
4 1.00 106.00 35.00 71.00 1.17 0.19 12.16 0.0048
5 1.00 126.00 45.00 81.00 1.50 0.13 8.32 0 0030
0.0030
6 1.00 146.00 55.00 91.00 1.83 0.10 6.40 0.0021
c 0.0522


5.22cm

(v) 1 ( ):
m2
10 1
Cv t
Tv 0.278
H2s 62 m2 c,t U c, 0.68 0.0522 0.0355 m

Hs =6m
( c,t 1 3.55 cm
)
 : (3 ) . 6.39
(.... ) (. )

H
Hs
2

Hs H

U 68%

Tv 0.278

: (3 ) . 6.40
(.... ) (. )

:
-


(
( )
)





:

n n C,i t
s t t H 1 e log
t c,i,
i
i 1 i 1 ,
c,i

C ,i
i ( C=0.025~0.06C
0.025 0.06Cc)
Hi i
ec,i C
I
t c,i
i
t
(: , 2005) w %
 : (3 ) . 6.41
(.... ) (. )

:








3 ,
40 . 10m, ec=0.70,
Cc=0.12.
=0 12
:
:
n C,i t C t
s t H 1 e log s t H log
t c,i
i
i 1 c,i 1 ec tc

(i) C :
(1991) C 0.025 0.06 Cc 0.003 0.0072
C = 0.005

(ii) :
C t 0.005 40
s t H log 10 log 0.0331 m
1 ec tc 1 0.70 3

: (3 ) . 6.42
(.... ) (. )

:
()
(
( )
)
-
Schmertmann
Steinbrenner

() ()
1))

Steinbrenner Janbu et al.
2)
Cc, Cr ,

3)
C
 : (3 ) . 6.43
(.... ) (. )

:
-














.
- Cc, Cr ...
(.. )
- ,
.

.
-


((oed
-

, tr , uniaxial
CD-CU-UU)

: (3 ) . 6.44
(.... ) (. )

:
Euniaxial Etr Eoed

Euniaxiall Etrt Eoedd
 : (3 ) . 6.45
(.... ) (. )

:
()



( Schmertmann,
( Schmertmann
Steinbrenner). :
,

1) NSPT

Schmertmann (1970) Tassios &

Anagnostopoulos
g p ((1974))
kN
Es 2 766 N
m Es MPa C N 6

2) qc
Es 2 qc Schmertmann (1970)

Es 2.5 qc -
Schmertmann et al. (1978)
Es 3.5 qc

: (3 ) . 6.46
(.... ) (. )

:
()



( Schmertmann,
( Schmertmann
Steinbrenner). :

3)
3)






Es (kN/m) Poisson

0.15 - 0.25

25000 - 35000

30000 - 40000


Poisson 40000 - 45000
Es (kN/m) 0.25 - 0.30
10500 - 24000 0.20 0.40 20000 25000
25000 35000
17250 - 27600 0.25 0.40
35000 40000
34500 55200 0.30 0.45 0.30 - 0.35
10350 17250 0.20 0.40 8000 - 12000
69000 172500 0.15 0.35 10000 - 12000
12000 - 15000
(: Das, 2007)
(: Das, 1999)
 : (3 ) . 6.47
(.... ) (. )

:
()



(
( Steinbrenner,
Steinbrenner Janbu
Janb et
al.). :

,
=u , v=vu=0.5

Eu (
2005):
3
Eu E
2 1 v

v .

: (3 ) . 6.48
(.... ) (. )

:
()



(
( Steinbrenner,
Steinbrenner Janbu
Janb et
al.). :

1)


cu
Das (2007)
Es 250 ~ 500 cu

Es 750 ~ 1000 cu

Bowles (1997)
Es 200 ~ 500 cu

Es 750 ~ 1200 cu


Es 1500 ~ 2000 cu

 : (3 ) . 6.49
(.... ) (. )

:
()



(
( Steinbrenner,
Steinbrenner Janbu
Janb et
al.). :

2)

Es
(kN/m)

2000 15000


Es 5000 25000
Poisson
(kN/m)

15000 50000
4100 20700 0.20 0.50
50000 - 100000
20700 41400 0.20 0.50

25000 - 250000
41400 - 96600 0.20 0.50 ( : Bowles, 1997)
* v=0.50
v=0 50
v=0.4-0.5 (Bowles, 1997)
( : Das, 2007)

: (3 ) . 6.50
(.... ) (. )

:
( )
()
Poisson




.
() v NSPT N=14 ?

:
() :
Es 10500 ~ 24000 kPa v 0.20 0 40 ( )
0 20 0.40
Es 20000 ~ 25000 kPa v 0.25 0.30 ( )

() NSPT :
kN
Schmertmann (1970) Es 2 766 N 766 14 10724 kPa 10.72 MPa
m Es 28 MPa
Tassios &
Es MPa C N 6 0 3.5 14 6
Anagnostopoulos (1974) Es 70 MPa

.
(.. =14 ).
 : (3 ) . 6.51
(.... ) (. )

:








:
: (.. )
: .

, /
L : (

AB
)
C D :

(
(




)
D
H /: (
Hmax
B )
C :


C
B : (
AB BC
(: Burland et al. 1977
Das, 1999) )

: (3 ) . 6.52
(.... ) (. )

:









.





/


:
H/

H/


1/750
Terzaghi Skempton and Skempton and
and Peck MacDonald MacDonald
1/600 (1948) (1956) (1956)


1/500 2.0 cm 2.5 cm 4.0 cm




1/300 2 5 cm
2.5 4 0 cm
4.0 6 5 cm
6.5
( )


1/250 5.0 cm 4.0 - 6.5 cm 6.5 10 cm
()
( : Barnes, 2000)

H/L<1/4
1/150

( : Bjerrum, 1963)