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10 years young and still unrivalled!

Curing, storing and conditioning, degassing, ageing. Our vacuum oven VO can do much
more than just dry gently and carefully. With this brochure, we want to give you an
impression of interesting applications for industry and research. Additional information
can be gathered from the user platform, www.atmosafe.net!
Many favourable factors can be listed for our vacuum oven VO! Its multitasking, its
precision, its comfort, its sturdiness and its unique product features:
Working gently and quickly:
Ramp programming in combination with direct heating of shelves
Saving time:
effortless and precise work through digital programmable pressure control
Saving money:
including Celsius software for simple programming and documentation

Diversity is the key factor


Storing, drying and evacuating
in a vacuum

Precision in the vacuum


is crucial for quality and
competitiveness
Our vacuum ovens could tell a lot of exciting stories. In some of them,
metallic components for ultra-high-resolution cameras are stored prior to
assembly, to avoid oxidation. In others, ink cartridges are filled without qua-
lity being impaired by annoying air bubbles, and in yet other vacuum ovens,
rapid in-vitro diagnostic tests are dried. Many processes running in our
vacuum ovens are crucial for quality and competitiveness, and are therefore
also highly classified. Nevertheless, some of our customers were able to
provide an insight into their applications. Thank you very much for this!
© hisks@sxc.hu
Development of
polymer membranes
Drying and degassing
in the vacuum

The fuel cell in the vehicle is just one of many fields of application for the polymer membrane
© imageproduction.nl

A growing market for Vacuum is indispensable


environmental technology in research
For most of us, the term polymer membrane probably is about as mysterious One research project of the Nanoscience Institute of Aragón of the Univer-
as the theory of relativity. Still, these nanometre or micrometre membranes, sity of Zaragoza dealt with the development of a membrane with improved
used to separate substances and for filtration, are one of the front runners permeability and selectivity. A vacuum is required twice for the various
in environmental technology. Among other things, biogas is processed by experiments. On the one hand, residual humidity must be removed from the
CO² separation to be used as a fuel, seawater is desalinated in a more basic material polysulfone in the vacuum for four hours at 100 °C before
energy-saving manner than with older methods, and in the fuel cell of a it is combined with the silica filler material, on the other the membrane
vehicle, the polymer membrane is responsible for both gas separation and films which have been dried at room temperature are degassed at 10 bar
for conducting protons. and 100 °C for one day in the vacuum drying oven to remove the solvent
remaining from the polymer production.

In the subsequent examinations, it can be seen that with the material


combination selected the proportion of filler can be kept low, although gas
permeability and selectivity could be improved. The scientific publication
is available from ACS Publications. The complete application report, along
with a glossary, can be read at www.atmosafe.net.

Team of the Nanoscience Institute of Aragón, from the left Ms. Patricia Gorgojo,
Dr. Clara Casado, Ms. Beatriz Seoane, Prof. Joaquin Coronas, Mr. Alejandro Galve, Mr. Cesar Rubio, The scanning electron microscope clearly illustrates the homogeneity and morphology of the filler
Ms. Nuria Liedana, Dr. Juan Manuel Zamaro, Ms. Beatriz Zornoza, Ms. Sara Sorribas, silica in the membrane with an 8 and 12 % weight proportion
Prof. Carlos Tellez. © Institute of Nanoscience Zaragoza
Dehydration of titanium
powder
Drying in a vacuum

Corrosion-resistant, light and aesthetic: Facades made of titanium on the Guggenheim Museum
in Bilbao © fetcaldu@sxc.hu

Titanium – indispensable
for medical technology
Not only its complex production makes titanium so valuable, but also the
fascinating combination of all its qualities: As sturdy as steel, but consider-
ably lighter, extremely corrosion-resistant, anti-magnetic and anti-allergenic.
Many things that are supposed to be good and allowed to be expensive are
made of titanium. Components for the automobile and aerospace industry,
Vacuum oven stands its ground in
bicycles, jewellery and even building facades, such as on the world famous continuous operation
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao are made of the precious metal. Unseen to
the world, titanium improves the quality of life for millions of patients as a The Nuremberg-based company GfE Metalle und Materialien uses two
basic or coating material for medical implants. Memmert vacuum drying ovens to manufacture high purity titanium pow-
der. Through the addition of hydrogen, the source material becomes brittle,
and can be crushed mechanically. After this process step, the material is
returned to its original state in a thermal process under a high vacuum.
Since titanium in medical technology may not contain any ferromagnetic
material whatsoever, tiny particles of iron, which rub off the grinding media
during the crushing process, are now removed from the batches in an acid
etching bath, and the batches are then dried in the vacuum drying oven. The
Defined morphology of titanium powder and titanium coating with optimum porosity two Memmert appliances run for 12 to 14 hours per day and evacuate three
© GfE Metalle und Materialien to four litres of water in each drying process.

The complex manufacturing process precisely defines the shape of the


grain, thus ensuring the porosity, which enables the incorporation of the
bone, and therefore the attachment of the biological implant in the human
body. You can read the full user report at www.atmosafe.net.
Different drying procedures
for milk powder
Drying in the vacuum

Science Centre Weihenstephan © evah@sxc.hu

Pharmaceutical production
Determining the solids content
Basic research in the Bavarian and moisture content in a
Lower Alps vacuum
It is no exaggeration that the Science Centre Weihenstephan
of the Technical University Munich (in short, WZW) is referred to as the
home of the agricultural, nutritional and environmental sciences in Germa-
ny. Surrounded by Bavarian manufacturers of beer and milk rich in tradition,
the WZW has long been a premium address for applied and practical Quality assurance – an absolute
research.
must in the pharmaceutical
Students at the department of food processing engineering and dairy
technology, for example, learn not only in theory about the various drying
industry
procedures for skimmed milk, full cream milk and whey powder, but they
Farmacéutica Paraguaya, in short, Fapasa, is the largest pharmaceutical
also have to perform these procedures themselves. The tests for vacuum
export company in Paraguay. Apart from drugs for oncological, urological
drying are performed in the Memmert vacuum drying oven. At the end
and gynaecological applications, the company also produces a large range
of the process, the powder is compared, in terms of water content, water
of OTC products, nutritional supplements and painkillers. Using a Memmert
activity, solubility, structure, taste, smell, consistence and colour with the
vacuum oven VO, the department of quality assurance of the pharmaceuti-
samples from freeze drying and spray drying.
cal expert determines the dry content of the gel capsules in accordance with
By the way: The first coolable Memmert vacuum drying oven was built as standard 731 of the USP (United States Pharmacopoeia), and the moisture
a customised model for the WZW. Once the test phase has been completed, content in accordance with USP 921. With conventional drying, the moisture
a detailed user report can be found at www.atmosafe.net. content of the gel capsules would fall below the necessary percentage of
between 13 and 16%, which is why the drying process takes place in a
vacuum.

from the left Rita Schaupp (project engineer), Simon Bauer (project manager „vacuum drying“),
Iris Schmitz (project manager „milk powder“), Marianne Holzmann (technical assistant „vacuum
drying“), Dr. Petra Först (project manager „vacuum drying“, work-group manager bioprocess
technology)

Fapasa is the largest pharmaceutical export company in Paraguay


Casting electronic
components
Degassing in the vacuum

The trend towards miniaturisation continues unabated © Microdul AG

Degassing epoxy resin


before it hardens
The company Microdul AG, based in Switzerland, is a proven expert in
the miniaturisation of electronic circuits, especially in the field of medical
technology. Space-saving bare dies must be protected from environmental
influences (like temperature fluctuations, humidity and mechanical impact),
Miniaturisation in and are therefore cast with epoxy resin once they have been wired up on

microelectronics will continue the circuit board. To avoid air pockets, the components at Microdul are
degassed for a few minutes in a Memmert vacuum oven before they are
hardened.
While the first components for switching electrical signals, from the year
1947, were only a little smaller than a matchbox, today, millions of transis-
tors are stored on a single microchip just a few square millimetres in size.
And miniaturisation is continuing. On the one hand, electronic appliances
are being built ever smaller, making them more energy-saving and cheaper,
on the other hand, microelectronics is permanently opening up new fields of
application, such as in medical technology, with minimally invasive surgical
procedures, laser surgery or even miniaturised endoscopes.
Worth knowing
Did you know that the German Association of the Printed Circuit
Board Industry (VdL e.V.) together with the German Electrical and
Electronic Manufacturers’ Association (ZVEI) in February 2008 com-
piled a series of guidelines and recommendations concerning the
“drying of PCBs prior to soldering” as well as “storage conditions
for bare PCBs”, and published the findings on its Internet page?
This recommendation assumes a considerable reduction in the
drying time in the vacuum, and, in addition, a lower drying tempe-
rature – and therefore a reduced energy consumption.

In chip-on-board technology - here an example of chip-on-chip, bare dies are mounted directly on
the board and then cast © Microdul AG
Development of modern
polymer materials
Drying, conditioning, degassing
and polymerisation in a vacuum

Polymer clay goes art: Wonderful brooch in artichoke form © Eva Ehmeier, hoedlgut.at

Our world is polymer


They have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, and polymers
have even found their way into the art world. We pack our rubbish in
polyethylene bags, we protect our heads when cycling with helmets made
of polypropylene, polyamide made nylon and perlon stockings affordable
for women from the 40s of the last century, and polyvinyl-chloride, better
known as PVC, is, among other things, the basic material of modelling clay
from which jewellery and other decorative objects are formed worldwide.

Many applications for


the vacuum oven
Every day, new fields of application are found for polymers. Standard
semiconductors, for example, are hazardous waste, due to the use of flame
retardants, and cannot be recycled. A foamed, thermoplastic semiconductor,
which can enter the cycle of reusability once its working life has ended, was
therefore a practical and environmentally-friendly idea from the Chair for
Polymer Materials at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, which is devoted
to the development of modern polymers.

There are more than twenty Memmert appliances at the Chair for Polymer
Materials, including several vacuum ovens for a wide range of applications.
For determination of the water absorption, samples are conditioned in a
vacuum at constant temperatures to determine the dry weight. Also freed of
residual moisture is synthetic granulate as the basic material for extrusion
or compound processes. As only high-quality samples can be characterised
mechanically, reactive thermoset systems are degassed and sometimes also
polymerised in a vacuum to avoid the formation of pores.

Schematic structure of a foamed thermoplastic semiconductor © University of Bayreuth, Chair


for Polymer Materials
Overview of possible applications
There is certainly a huge number of additional application possibilities. We would be very pleased if you report on your applications. Whatever the
material, whatever the appliance and wherever you come from!

We would be pleased to discuss with you your individual task definition in order to find a suitable solution in the context of our standard
programme or our customised designs.
www.ad-room.de

Applications What happens in the vacuum? Examples of materials

Oxygen removal Evacuation (removing air) of the workroom and e.g. silicone rubber, casting resins, polymers
of the samples introduced into this
© by Memmert GmbH + Co. KG

Boiling and evaporating solvent in a vacuum e.g. casting epoxy resins, impregnating in
Degassing solvents during embedding
and thus ensuring that histological tissues or plastination and preparation
process
castings are totally saturated with the moulding
compound with no air present

Gentle and residue-free drying in the vacuum Low pressure lowers the boiling point and allows e.g. food, rubber, wafers, electronic components,
liquids in the filler material to evaporate at a lower restoring objects such as books, powder and
Order No. D10970 · Printed in Germany · 1006 e 5.0

temperature granulates

Determining humidity (Darr method), defining Determining the moisture content in a e.g. food (dextrose, corn, coffee, milk), building
dry content sample through full and complete drying materials, biomass, rock samples
and weighing

Air-tight storage and conditioning in the Defined storage of material without contact with e.g. bio-implants, semiconductors, electronic devices
vacuum oxygen to avoid oxidisation and components, food, samples in material research
(polymers)

Material tests Specifically influencing the behaviour of volatile e.g. dealcoholisation of wine and sparkling wine,
components changes in smell of food

Hardening of polymers and compound Combining two components under increased e.g. thin films and layers
materials temperature with simultaneous removal of oxygen

Ageing Examining the degradation of materials through e.g. plastics, food, lubricants, coatings,
dehydration, removal of oxygen and temperature microbiological and chemical samples
influence

Memmert GmbH + Co. KG | POB 1720 | D-91107 Schwabach, Germany | Phone +49 (0) 9122 / 925 - 0
Fax +49 (0) 9122 / 145 85 | E-mail: sales@memmert.com | www.memmert.com | www.atmosafe.net

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