Evolution

Do you know the process of where

humans came from?

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What do you think about
evolution?

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What is evolution?

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The process by which different kinds
of living organisms are thought to
have developed and diversified
from earlier forms during the
history of the earth.

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In biology, evolution is the change in
the characteristics of a species over
several generations and relies on the
process of natural selection.

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 How do we know that evolution has occurred?

the fossil record

the chemical and anatomical similarities of related life
forms
the geographic distribution of related species
the recorded genetic changes in living organisms over
many generations

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 Check point
What is evolution and how do we know that occurred?

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What have genes got to do with it?

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 The mechanisms of evolution operate at the genomic
level. Changes in DNA sequences affect the
composition and expression of our genes, the basic
units of inheritance.

To understand how different species have evolved we

have to look at the DNA sequences in their genomes.

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 When DNA and genes in different species look very
similar, this is usually taken as evidence of them
sharing ancestors.

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Types of evolution

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 Types of evolution

Convergent evolution Co-evolution Adaptive radiation

When the same When two species or When a species splits into
adaptations evolve groups of species have a number of new forms
independently, under evolved alongside each when a change in the
similar selection pressures. other where one adapts to environment makes new
changes in the other. resources available or
creates new
environmental challenges.

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Why do we need to learn about
this?

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 Evolution offers countless and diverse examples of the ways
scientists gather and analyze information, test competing
hypotheses, and ultimately come to a consensus about
explanations for natural phenomena.

If we removed it, it will undermine students understanding of

how scientific knowledge is amassed.

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Definition Evidences Types of evolution

100 100 100

200 200 200

300 300 300

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What is evolution?

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When the evolution has
occurred?

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In biology what does evolution
means?

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Give me an example how do we
know that evolution has occur?

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Why gene is important?

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 What are 2 records in this
presentation that we know the
evolution has occurred?

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How many types of evolution?

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Give the name of 3 types of
evolution

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Explain one type of evolution

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Do you know who discovered the theory
of evolution?
Lamarck
Who is Lamarck?
 Lamarck

-He was a French biologist who proposed the theory of the

inheritance.
Theory of Lamarck

-Law of use and disuse

-Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Law of use and disuse.

-New organs can occur according to the needs of an

organism, and their size is determined by the degree to
which they are used.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics

- Useful characteristic acquired by an individual during its

lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.

https://youtu.be/FTPMW5hQyw4
Do you know what the problem is of his
theory?
Why his theory was wrong?

- He believed that traits or physical characteristic can be

changed or acquired over an individual's lifetime.
Charles Darwin
Who is Charles Darwin and what did he do?
About Charles Darwin

- Charles Darwin was born in England on February 12, 1809.

- He studied medicine at Edinburgh University but later
switched to Cambridge.
- He went on a 5 year trip around the world with his boat named
HMS Beagle.

https://youtu.be/vnktXHBvE8s
How do you think
Darwin came up with
his theory?
 Trip of Charles Darwin
-finding the evidence to propose a revolutionary
hypothesis about how life changes over time.
Charles Darwin Theory

- Evolution developed over the long period by the process

of natural selection.
Theory of Natural Selection

Darwins Theory of Natural Selection occurs in four steps

- Overproduction
- Variation
- Competition
- Selection
1. Overproduction

-Each species produces more offspring that can survive

2. Variation

-Each individual has a unique combination of inherited traits.

- increases an organisms chances of survival

3. Competition

-Each animal fights for limited resources:

Food, water, space, mates

-Natural selection occurs through survival of the

fittest:
Fitness: the ability to survive and reproduce
4. Selection

-The individuals with the best adaptations will survive and have the
opportunity to pass on its traits to offspring.

-Individuals with traits that are not well suited to their environment will
die or leave few offspring.
Go on Kahoot!!!

https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/47a2b35d-6d7b-4943-b
3a9-46706c805223
The reason of human evolution
and Ernst Haeckel
 The reason why human evolve?

Humans are Humans didnt evolve

from the apes or
evolved from the
primates. Humans
same ancestor of
evolved from the
apes and monkey
different ways from
Humans also
the monkey.
have the same
The way that human
reason that all
evolved are different
creatures evolved
by the use of their
for adaptation body for about
from the 200,000 years
differents area.
The timeline of the evolution of
human.
Biologists agreed the evolution of the human in a different ways, so there
is still no solid information that how human evolve yet. However, there is
the most reliable road of evolution is The tree of life by Ernst Haeckel.
He explain about human evolution more accurate than Charles Darwin,
but Darwins idea was more common know than him.
Ernst Haeckel (1834 - 1919 CE)
 Biography
Born in Prussia to well-educated
Protestant parents
Studied medicine at Wurzburg and the
University of Berlin from 1852-1857 CE
Studied with Johannes Muller, who
introduced Haeckel to marine biology
and Albert von Kolliker, a physiologist
who introduced him to microscopic
work.
 Traveled to Messina, Italy to paint and
considered making art his career
Got his doctoral degree in zoology,
studying under Carl Gegenbaur at the
University of Jena
Became a professor of comparative
anatomy at the University of Jena for 47
years
Ernsts theory
Inspired by Darwins Origin of Species,
and thought it confirmed his suspicion
that different species of Radiolarians
evolved from a common ancestor.
He also recreated Darwins theory by
using the tree of life instead of using
four steps.
Haeckels Artistic Pursuits
How did Ernst define his theory?
He divided human being into ten
races(five as a standard), he put
caucasian as the top of the human
evolution. He claimed that Negros have
the DNA almost 90% relate to apes.
Because apes (four legs) has a very long
and strong grip feet as same as Negros.
His human evolution tree has Negroid as
a base and spread out to Asian,
Mongoloid, Caucasian and Australoid
The moment of his theory

- His theory was created at 1874 CE .

- His theory was discredited in 1903 due

to his theory was a bit racist.

- His theory became used at 1939, by the

nazi party.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3Lkac
890c0
 Go on
Kahoot!