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COTHVRNVLVS
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
FORUM LATINUM : a First Latin Book, containing
a treatment of the vocabulary, grammar and metre for
full
the first two years of the School course, with numerous ex-
ercises and readings. In three parts, is. ^d. each, or com-
plete in one volume, 3,?. 6d. (J. M. Dent & Co.)

AENEAE FACTA ET FATA : a simplified version of

the earlier books of Virgil's Acneid^ for the use of beginners.
With numerous exercises, illustrations, analyses and conver-
sations. Price 2S. (J. AT. Dent S: Co.)

By the Author, jointly with Professor

R. S. CONWAY, Litt.D.
THE RESTORED PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK
AND LATIN, with tables and practical illustrations. Third
and revised edition (embodying the scheme approved for Latin
by the Classical Association). Price is. (^Cambridge Uni-
versity Press.)
 COTHVRNVLVS
THREE SHORT LATIN HISTORICAL PLAYS
FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS

EDWARD VERNON ARNOLD, Litt.D.

PROFESSOR OF LATIN AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES
FORMERLY FELLO\V-pF IRINITY COLLEGE IN CAMBRIDGE

THIRD EDITION '

LONDON
G. BELL & SONS, LTD.
1912
 PRINTED BY ^
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
LONDON AND BECCLES.
 :

2^(

PREFACE
For the earlier years of the school course simple
Latin is an educational necessity. Since the clas-
sical authors are not simple, resort is commonly
had either to short extracts or to simplified texts
occasionally original composition has been ven-
tured upon. All such experiments are welcome to
the classical teacher.
The little plays now published stand somewhere
between simplified texts and original composition.
They make no claim to literary merit ; such a
claim could not easily be reconciled with their
educational aim. But it is hoped that they retain

in a very unpretending shape something of the

interest of the great themes which they handle,
and that the}^ may give beginners a real, though
necessarily a restricted, view of the great impulses
which contributed to make the history of Rome in

its different epochs. The substance is drawn as

directly as possible from the Latin authors.

E. VERNON ARNOLD.
Bangor,
September 15, 1907,

2Vi5371
 CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface , . . . V

Veturia I

Idus Marti ae 21

....
.

Cremutius
33
Vocabulary
47
 I

VETVRIA
 PERSONAE

Gaius Marcius (cui postea cognomen Coriolano

datum est) Imperator Romanns
Junius Brutus
|
Trilnmi Plehis
SiciNius Vellutus J

TuLLUs Attius Imperator Volsce?is

Gaius Marcius pukf

LiCTOR

Veturia C. Marcii mater

volumnia C. Marcii uxor

Valeria Volumniae a7nica

Romae res geritur^ vicesimo anno post Tarquinios

exactos.
 !

VETVRIA
SCAENA I

Veturia. Volumnia. 1

\Mulieres la7iam faciunt. lacrimat Vohwinia.'\

Yy.t. Quid agis hodie, nurus mea ? valesne ? quid

est ? num lacrimas in vultu tuo conspicio ?
Vol. Quam timeo, ne quid mali mox audiamus ! ne
quid exercitui Romano accidat ne vir meus ! . . .

Vet. Quid dicis igitur ? ne vir tuus . . .

Vol. a, timeo dicere, ne malo sit omini. utinam

Mars iste pereat ! utinam bella tota Italia quiescant
Vet. Hem, impium illud quidem votum est, et muliere
Romana indignum. cur igitur viros parimus^ si quiescent
bella ?

Vol. Illud mihi potius responde : cur viris nubimus,

semper foris aberunt ?
si illi

Vet. Quam ridicula dicis ! illi in bellis famam quae-

runt, amorem populi sibi parant viam in summos honores
muniunt. o album ilium diem, cum filium meum con-
sulem aspiciam !

Vol. O atrum ilium diem, cum corpus viri mei exani-

mum videro ! [/>? hicrifmis sohntur.
Vet. Huius me mulieris et miseret et pudet.
15 2
 ;

4 VETVRIA

2 Veturia. Volumnia. Valeria.

Val. Salve, Veturia : salve tu quoque, Volumnia.
num lanam, ut semper, facitis ?

Vet. Ita mulieres Romanas, cum viri foris absunt,

decet.
Val. Sic me quoque mater docuit : sed ipsa sermoni
libentius vaco. numquid de bello audivistis ?
Vet. Immo nihil omnino novi.
Vol. Et ego quo minus audio, eo magis timeo, ne
quid viro . . . \lacrijnat.

Val. Ohe ! hodie quoque hie pluit. quid ergo vis,

Volumnia ? fortasse te consolari possum.

Vol. Quid dicis ? num pax facta est ? num vir
meus . . . \Jacriiat.

Val. Dicunt virum tuum fortissimum se praestitisse, et

quercea ilia corona a dictatore ornatum esse.
Vol. Quam coronam dicis ?
Val. Qua illi ornantur, qui civi vitam servaverunt
itaque quercum civilem
*
' appellant.
Vol. At ego auream certe coronam, si habeam, ei

deferam, qui viro meo vitam servaverit. sed >quis hue

accedit ?

3 Eaedem. Lictor.
LiCT. Salvete, mulieres. me ad vos senatus Romanus
mittit. nuper litterae a dictatore Coriolis sunt adlatae;
constat Volscos pulsos esse, urbem nobis cessisse. fortu-
nam Romanorum unus Gaius Marcius restituit, ducem
Volscorum sua manu interfecit, pacem honestam secum
affert. gratulatur vobis senatus populusque Romanus;
Marcio consulatum inproximum annum pollicetur.
Vet. Non igitur nequidquam mater sum facta, utinam
banc victoriam maiores sequantur !
 ;

SCAENA I 5

Vol. Non igitur neqiiidquani nu])si. iitinam ultimuni

hoc sit helium, cui vir nieus intererit !

Val. Gaudeo inter tot viros ununi fuisse niuliehri

animo praeditum. sed tu nohis narra quemadmodum
omnia processerint.
LiCT. Sic factum esse audimus. exercitus Romanus 4
Coriolos ohsidehat ; oppidanos intus clauses servahat.
tum suhito Volscorum legiones, ah Antio profectae,
Romanos invaserunt ; simul ex oppido eruperunt hostes.
forte in statione Marcius fuit ; is cum delecta militum
manu non modo erumpentes reppulit, sed per patentem
portam ferox irrupit ; nee minus voce et vultu, quam
armis, hostes terruit. tum caedes oppidanorum facta
et aedihus plurimis igne correptis, clamor usque ad
muros pervenit. quo audito, Romanis, qui extra erant,
aucti animi ; turhantur Volsci, qui ah Antio auxilio suis
venerant. ita fusi hostes, Corioli oppidum captum.
Vol. Quid igitur vir meus ? num salvus evasit?
LiCT. Immo aiunt eum, viginti quinque vulnerihus ac-
ceptis, tamen ducem Volscorum in certamen provoca-
visse.

Vol. Quid narras ? num saucius cum integro pugnam

conseruit ?

LiCT. Ita dicunt. \^CIamores audiujitui-\. sed iam

ipsum adesse credo, sinitc me concedere. \exit,

EAEDE^L Gaius jNIarcius. 5

Gal Salve tandem, mater mea; salve, coniunx tamdiu
exoptata. valetisne ? valetne ]\larcius meus ? tu quoque
salve, Valeria.

Vet. Mi fili, salve dignum te patre, dignum gente

:

tua. dignum me matre praestitisti. te imperatorem

Romanum, te consulem proximi anni salutamus.
 6 VETVRIA
Gal Quid tu, Volumnia mea ? nonne coniugem con-
iunx salutas ? nonne gaudes, salvum me rediisse ?
Vol. Equidem ita gaudeo, si me, ut debes, amas.
Gal Quis ergo negat, cor meum ?
Vol. Illam igitur, quam plus quam me amas, a te

depelle.
Gal Egone ullam ? quae te insania agitat ?
Nomen illi est Glcrlae. una viverc non
Vol. possu-
mus aut me aut ilia posthac carebis,
:

Val. Haec vero mulier virilem animum habet. equi-

dem tria a dis cottidie peto primum, ut virum habeam
; ;

tum, ut ille gloriam sibi consequatur denique ut quam

:

primum moriatur et rem suam mihi relinquat. tu vero,

cum mulierum sis, nescis ubi sis.
felicissima
Vet. Tu vero noli, mi fili^ Volumniam respicere ob :

gaudium insanit. nonne gloria viro quam vita carior esse

debet ?

Gal
Ita a te semper didici, mea mater ; nunc vero in
Volumniae verba iuro. caecus et insanus est gloriae ille
amor neque ego gloriae causa, sed patriae, pugnavi.
;

Vol. Mecum ergo veni, et Marcium nostrum saluta.

mirum est quam ille patris similis sit.

\Jacrivias ob gaudium fu7idit.

6 IiDEM. C. Marcius puer.

Vol. Eho, Marci^ hue ades ;
patrem saluta.
Puer. Tu vero abi, vir pessime. cur lacrimas fundis,
mater ? quid hie tibi dixit ? ego te gladio defendam
Vet. Puer patris valde similis : nunc vero discede,
parvule. ^exit Marcius puer.
Vet. Tu vero, Gai Marci, aninmm attende. i)opulus
te consulem facere vult et, quo maximo potest beneficio,
ornare.
 SCAENA I 7

Gal Quid dicis? populusne? immo fugitivi illi, quos

ego mea unius manu servitute exemi. nolo talibus viris

beneficium debere.
Vet. At si senatus oret^ si patria . . .

Gai. Ergo exoret me senatus, exoret patria. mihi

satis est iterum matrem, iterum uxorem salvani videre.
populum vero istum flocci non facio.

\exeimt oiiines praeter Valeriavi.

Val. Amo hunc hominem et laudo. hie solus in-

tellegere videtur, quam nihil viri valeant. deos deasque

omnes oro, ut Volumnia lacrimando vita excedat : turn
hie mihi nubet. \exit.
 ! ! !

SCAENA II

SiciNius. Brutus. Gaius Marcius, candidatus.

Gives.

Sic. Salvum te redire, Gai Marci, gaudemus. quod

hostes virtute tua repressisti, gratulamur.
Brut. Immo novo te nomine, Coriolane, salutamus.
quod tibi tuaeque domui felix faustumque sit
Gives. Salve, salve, Goriolane ! salve, qui a belle
victor redis ! salve, pater patriae

Gor. Gratias vobis omnibus ago, disque huius urbis

imprimis, qui urbem non minus ab ignavis civibus quam
ab hostibus servaverunt.
Sic. Nunc te maior quaedam gloria, si vis mereri,
exspectat.
Brut. Multum ille fecit, qui urbem defendit : plus
faciet ille, qui concordiam inter cives ipsos confirmabit.
Gor. Sic ego quoque censeo. discant ergo cives se
fortes in bello, oboedientes in pace praestare. ego meae
parti non dero.
Sic. Durum hie exercent patres imperium : verbera et
famem cives patiuntur. urbem iis dedisti : nunc ergo
fac ut in libera urbe liberi vivant.
Gor. Immo ille semper erit liber, qui timere nescit.
sed quid me vultis facere ?
Brut. Patres te consulem facere volunt : idque nos
quoque cupimus.
Gives. Salve, Marci ! salve, Goriolane ! salve, consul
Romane
 SCAENA II 9

Sic. Cum igitur consul eris, memento pracsidio esse

pauperibus ; memento tribunis plebis in omnibus rebus
subvenire.
Cor. Si consul fiam, patres de summa rerum con-
sulam. si quid more maiorum concedi poterit, non
obstabo.
Brut. Nobiscum ergo veni suffragia singulorum 8 ;

petamus. ohe, mi patrue gaudeo te salvum videre. !

ut valet uxor tua ?

Civis I. Ilia quidem ante quattuor annos mortua est.

Brut. Illud certe volui dicere, ut sine uxore vales?

nam plerique nostrum neque cum illis neque sine illis

vivere possumus. nunc vero hunc respice qui mecum

venit. est ille Marcius, qui apud Coriolos viginti quin-

que vulneribus acceptis tamen ducem Volscentem ad

certamen provocavit : nunc me rogat, ut tibi notum se
faciam.
Cor. At de vulneribus tantum taceas !

Civis I. Quam pulcher homo est ! licetne mihi vulnera

ista inspicere ?

Cor. Oro te obsecroque, mi homo, . . .

Civis I. Ohe, iam satis est. unum, duo, quattuor,

sex . . . omnia enumerare non possum, quid vis me
tibi pro his tot vulneribus dare ?

Cor. Si tibi placebit, rogo ut suffragium tuum pro me

feras.

Civis I. Equidem viginti quinque suffragia, si habeam,

tibi dem.
Sic. Alterum nunc roga. eho, mi frater ! Coriolanus 9
noster tibi notus esse vult.

Civis II. Quam saevum se et tacitum praestat ! metuo

ne nobis maius periculum quam Volscis afferat.
Cor. Suffragium tuum, mi amice^ te oro. a ! tune
lo VETVRIA
es, quern ego apud Coriolos hostes tergo verso fugientem
vidi?
Civis 11. Quam stulta dicis ! ego fortissimum me
praebiii ; sed venter meus, quern tu septem dies cibo
privavisti, mihi imperanti parere noluit. spero, si consul
fies . . .

Cor. Ego, si consul fiam, profecto meritorum tuorum

non obliviscar.
Sic. Hie, si consul fiet^ tribunis plebis in omnibus rebus
obtemperabit : ita mihi promisit.
Gives. Euge, tribuni plebis ! euge, Coriolane ! victorem
salutamus civium defensores salutamus Marcium con-
sulem futurum salutamus.
Cor. {niussans). Spem consulatus tanti emere nolo.
\exeimt.


SCAENA III

Gives. 10

Civis I. Exeunt, ecce ! senatores. miror quid sit hoclie

novi.
Civis 1 1. At ego valde scio^ quid sit hodie ct cottidic

novi, ventri meo inopia.

Civis Audio Volscos rursus nobis bellum inferre
I.

velle, et senatum de dilectu deliberare.

Civis 1 1. Ilia quidem fingunt patres, quoties plebi

aliquid adimere volunt. ego vero audio
Civis I. Quid tu audis ?

Civis II. Vim magnam frumenti regem Syracusarum

populo Romano dono misisse.

Civis I. Dis ergo gratias agamus, et ferias celebremus.
Civis II. A^ellem equidem : sed hie (ventre?n indicans)
ait nimium longas se iam ferias egisse, nunc operam
poscere. sed tribuni, ecce ! exeunt.

SiciNius. Brutus. Cives. 11

Sic. Audite, cives !

Cives. Audite tribunum plebis !

Sic. Nisi me audietis^ cives, non iam tribunos habe-

bitis. Marcius . . .

Cives. Quid INIarcius?

Sic. INIarcius, quem nos consulem fieri volebamus,
nunc contra vos pugnat, et senatui suadet . . .

Cives. Quid suadet ?

 ! ! ;

12 VETVRIA
Sic. Vt ea conditione frumcntum vobis gratiis distrl-
buatur, ne quis posthac Romae fribunus plebis fiat, quid
vos respondetis?
[Mtissant inter se civcs. interea prodit Coriolaxus
cum aliquot sefiatoribus : fit sikntium.

12 Coriolaxus. Sicixius. Brutus. Gives.

Cor. Audite, cives, quid de summa rerum senatus

iudicet
Cives. Audite Coriolanum ! audite senatus senten-
tiam !

Cor. Duo vobis minantur pericula ; intra urbem fames

vos premit, extra Volsci bellum inferre parant. frumentum
vobis gratiis senatus dabit ; a vobis petit^ ut forti ariimo
mecum arma contra Volscos sumatis.
Cives. I secundo omine^, bone dux ! nunquam te

duce, Roma cedet hostibus.

Cor. Denique rogat senatus, ut concordia ordinum
restituta patrum auctoritati concedatis tribuni plebis ;

posthac ne fiant. \C/a7?207'es recusantiu^n audiu7ifur.

Sic. Quid respondetis, cives ? num libertatem vestram

frumenti causa vultis vendere ? quem vos in Sacrum
Montem secuti estis ? quis vos contra creditores, quis
contra imperatores defendit ? videte, quaeso, quid nunc
fiat, fame^ sicut hostes, petimini. nisi tribunos victos

vinctosque C. Marcio dedetis, esse vobis non licebit. en

qui vos aut mori aut servire iubet
\Crescit ira populo : Coriolaiio 7niiiaiiiU7\
13 Cor. Quis hie senatus auctoritati resistit ? abi, Sicini
stultis vocibus populum excitas. \ad sena tores versus] num

hunc feretis, patres ?

[^Se7iatores i7i Sici7iiu7ii i)7ipctu77i faciu7it.

 !

SCAENA III 13

Gives. Tribunos defendite, cives ! vir viro succurrat !

sacrosancta tribunorum corpora ne quis attigerit ! cuge,

hoc habet !

\Senatores repelluntur ; Corio/a?tus co7?iprehefidilur.

Brut. Iterum vicit libertas, vicit plebis Romanae ius !

nunc proditorem ilium rapite de rupe Tarpeia deiciatur,

!

qui cives Romanos vi et verberibus necare voluit

Sic. Immo iure omnia et ordine agantur. nefas est
eum, qui urbem quondam servavit, morte ulcisci. ego
vero tibi, Gai Marci, diem dico, ne posthac urbem malis
consiliis conturbes.

GoR. Quid mihi cum hac urbe ? viro forti orbis ter-
rarum patet. nisi quis me retinet, protinus Roma
exibo. [exit.

Sic. Exula ergo, Gai Marci, et populo gratias age,

quod vitam adhuc obtines. Romae vivant, qui Romano
iure uti sciunt^ qui cives inter cives vivere volunt.
[eAcufif.
 SCAENA IV

14 Veturia. Volumnia.

Vet. Ergo periit Roma^ et ego sum in causa : nisi enim

peperissem, hodie Roma salva esset. deos oravi^ ut filio

meo gloriam belli concederent ; nunc haec ipsa gloria

Romae exitio est.

Vol. Quam nihil nos mulieres valemus ! Marcium in

Volscos ruentem oravi, ut sibi parceret ; nihil profeci.

nunc in patriam ruentem si orem, ut suis parcat, tamen

ille non audiat. di patrii^, urbem a viro meo servate !

Veturia. Volumnia. Valeria.

Vet. Salve, Valeria, num nos consolatum venisti ?

illud quidem Volscorum exercitus ad

frustra conabere.
portas adest cives neque senatui parere neque arma
:

sumere volunt. quid nos mulieres possumus ?

Val. Si viri nihil possunt, mulieribus res agenda est.
Vol. Tace, Valeria ; impia dicis. deos adoremus et
veniam illos precemur cetera virorum sunt.
;

Val. Immo cum dis ipsis hodie locuta sum. illi nos
non iam scdere, sed agere iubent.
Vet. Quid agamus, mea Valeria ?
Val. Die mihi, Veturia quare Marcius contra patriam
:

pugnat ?

Vet. Quia bona voluntas ei dest.

 SCAENA IV 15

Val. Quare milites Romani pro aris et focis pugnare

nolunt ?

Vet. Inimicorum meminere, hostium obliviscuntur.

Val. Agedum ; mente et animo hodie, non armis
dimicandum est. me sequimini ; ne per inertiam no-
stram Roma pereat !

Vet. Credo te divino quodam numine impleri. veni,

Volumnia nisi fallor^ adhuc spes est.
; \exeunt.
 SCAENA V
15 TuLLUS Attius. Coriolanus.
TuLL. Romam tandem in conspectu habemus.
exercitum Romanum ter vicimus : consules ambos cap-
tives habemus : eras urbem ipsam flammis consumemus-.
num te paenitet, Gai Marci^ banc tantam gloriam tibi

paravisse ?

Cor. Quod feci, feci, noluit Roma me civem habere ;

excepere CorioH. ibi mihi est patria, ubi dignitas : facti

me nee paenitet nee paenitebit. tu modo sis mihi testis,

gratias me, quas debui, Volscis rettulisse.

TuLL. Fideli te amico semper utor, teque ut fratrem

colo atque carum habeo. sed legatos audio Romanes
accedere nonne praestat te decedere, ne civium tuorum
:

vel maledictis vel precibus nimium commoveare ? an

nescis vitam tuam ex fide pendere ?
Cor. Immo accedant hue me praesente. videbis ipse,
mihi ex animo omnino excidisse, qui quondam fuerim.

10 IlDEM. LiCTOR.
LiCT. Adsunt legati Romani, rogantque vos^ ut man-
data urbis Romanae pro benevolentia vestra audiatis.
TuLi.. Tantum ius gentium iis concedit. accedant
ergo.
IiDEM. SiciNius. Brutus.
Sic. Salve, Tulle Atti. Salve, Coriolane.
TuLL. Vos quoque salvete. parati sumus, (juae ad-
fertis, audire.
 SCAENA V 17

Cor. Nolite vero posthac me illo appellare nomine,

dum Roma stat incolumis^ sine nomine vivo : cum
ceciderit ilia, nomen mihi novum ex ignibus cri{)iam.
Sic. At victores saltem vos salutare fas erit. hoc vobis
nomen et deorum voluntas paravit et virtus vestra. ut
nos viribus superavistis, ita humanitate et misericordia
erga victos vos decebit excellere.
Cor. Sunt ut pacis, ita belli iura. cui ex vicinis genti-
bus non bellum Romani intulerunt ? quam non cupiunt
servitio premere? delenda est gens genti humanae ini-

mica, igni consumenda sunt moenia, quae viris tam

infestis praesidium et refugium praebent.
TuLL. Tu vero irae moderare^ Gai Marci. fortasse
senatus noster pacem facere volet, si modo firma erit.

Cor. Non me ea condicione civem fecistis, ut stante

urbe Roma pacem cum inimicis meis faciatis. nihil

praeter ius meum posco.

Brut. Nonne te nomen Romanum, Gai Marci, adhuc
movet? si quid in te peccavimus, fatemur et veniani
rogamus deos respice, qui iura et victricis gentis et
:

victae pariter tuentur.

Cor. Immo di ipsi in hac causa iudicium tulerunt.
tum cum urbem incensam videro, responsum a me
habebitis. \Coucedunt B7'utus et Sicinius.

IlDEM. PONTIFEX AIaXIIMUS. SaCERDOTES.

LiCT. Adsunt sacerdotes Romani, sacra urbis portantes.

PoxT. Max. Dis urbis Romae iubentibus, genibus
submissis veniam poscimus. deos, quibus fortuna belli
vos aequavit, imitamini: eis, qui non iam vobis rcsistere
possunt, parcite.
C
 8 !

I VETVRIA
TuLL. Nullum nobis cum dis bellum vos quoque, :

deum ministri, omni honore colere parati sumus.

Cor. Romani ipsi deos reiecerunt, cum sanctam sena-
tus auctoritatem spreverunt. nunc di ipsi Romam delen-
dam esse confirmant. \Concedu7it sacerdoies.

18 IiDEM. Veturia. Volumnia. Valeria.

C. Marcius puer.
LiCT. Accedit mulierum agmen : prohibere aditu non
possum.
\Marcius vidtii tiirhatur : descendit salutatitm.
Vol. (ge?iibus sicbmissd). Audi, mi Marci, quae dico.
ego te Romanum Romana, virum coniunx, supplex oro
atque obsecro, ut urbi parcas.
Cor. Surge, Volumnia. ut te absentem desideravi
quanto te nunc gaudio rursus aspicio valesne ? valuisti- !

ne ?

Vol. Egone valere possum, dum Roma in hoc tanto

discrimine pendet ? o Marci, Marci, noli coniugi negare,
quod nunc primum te orat !

Cor. Coniugi ego omnia concedo, urbi nihil, tu tibi

quidvis pete, concedetur sed non te decet inimicis meis
:

favere et succurrere.
Marc. puer. Hodie iterum iste vir malus lacrimas
matri meae movet tolerare non possum cur gladium
; ;

in manu habeo ?
\7-uit 171 Coriola?nan : a p7'oximis reti7ieti(7'.

Val. a Volumnia discant omnes matronae Romanae,

quid sit virum orare !

19 Cor. {vult i7iatre77i a77iplecti). Salve, mater mihi

semper veneranda!
Vet. {a77iplexu77i recusat). Primum hoc mihi, Marci,
 !

SCAENA V 19

responde ; iitrum ad filium, an ad hostcm veni ? iitrum

captiva hie sum^ an mater ?

Cor. Quid me reprehendis, mater? tu me semper

amavisti, et ego te ; Romani me eiecerunt, illos ego
eiciam.
Vet. Taceas potius, homo dis inimice, et me audi.
num decet fihum cum parente ius agere ?

Cor. Neque decet, neque ego unquam id feci.

Vet. Patria communis civium parens est haec te :

genuit, te aluit. si te honore ornat, grato animo accipere

debes ; si poena afficit, irasei te et ulcisci velle nefas est.
Val. Euge, Veturia ! hoc habet ; iterum adi.
TuLL. Quam graviter dicit muHer hac eloquentia !

ipse commoveor. considera bene, Gai Marei, quid

Volscis^ quid Romanis debeas !

Cor. Ego quondam matrem habui, uxorem, patriam,

dignitatem, unus mihi dies omnia abstuHt. quid mihi
nunc cum matre, cum patria ? ilia quidem omnia
periere ; manet consilium.
Vet. Mi puer, mi puer, non te ista decent verba :

nunquam haec in sinu meo parvulus didicisti. pugnant

in pectore tuo hac ira, hac pietas. cui te dabis ? re-

sponde . . . matri ! illud saltem scito ; si Roma pcri-

erit, Veturia ei non supererit.
Val. Euge, euge^ Veturia, iterum ! quantum muliebre
genus viris fortitudine praestat

CoR. Respondere non possum, ego qui vir fui, nunc

videor mihi rursus puer fieri.

Vet. Optimus ille virorum est, in quo puer nunquam

desiit vivere. \sub7-idns\ erubescis ; vincit pietas ;

salva res est. \plaudit.

Cor. Vicisti, mater, et me perdidisti. Tulle Atti, me 20
tibi dedo : non iam Romanis hostis esse possum.
C 2
 ! !

20 VETVRIA
TuLi. Ergo in corpore luo poenas sumo, quas Roma
Volscis debet ! \ocddit eiim gladio\ sic pereat, qui neque
suisneque alienis fidem praestare intellegit
[ Vohwuiia am??ia deficit : Vetiiria imuiota inajiet.
Vet. Dis gratias agite, cives gloriam ille vita maxi-
!

mam, morte maiorem sibi paravit bis patriam, semel :

virtute, iterum pietate, servavit. quid mater Romana

melius sibi optare poterat ? ego in summam felicitatem
perveni : itaque laeta morior : Romana Romanum
comitor. \i7ioritur.

TuLL. Satis iam funerum, satisquod irarum. feci,

senatui Volscorum me facturum, hoc ipso poscente,

pollicitus sum. nunc vero, lictores, corpora aufertote
et sepelitote : pax dehinc aeterna Romanos cum Volscis
consociet
Pont. Max. Di urbi suae salutem mulierum consilio
et fortitudine paraverunt. cum Romam redierimus,
templum Fortunae Muliebri statuemus.
Sic. Brut. Mortuum hunc civitate Romana redona-
mus. {exeunt

veturiae finis.
 II

IDVS MARTIAE
 PERSONAE

Gaius Iulius Caesar Dictator et Consul

Marcus Antonius Consul
Marcus Tullius Cicero Consularis

Marcus Iunius Brutus Praetor

Gaius Cassius . Praetor

Casca Se 71 ator

Metellus Cimber Senator

Vates
Lucius puer
PORCIA M. Bruti uxor
Senatores Gives

KoMAE res geritur, anno post conditam urbem septin-

gentesimo decimo.
 IDVS MARTIAE
SCAENA I

Cicero. Casca. 21

Casc. Salve, Cicero. quid hie in hac tanta tempe-

state facis ?nonne mecum domum ibis ?
Cic. Salve, Casca. postquam tot horas libris vacavi,

libenter ante cenam ambulo.

Casc. Cavendum tamen est, ne valetudo tibi imminua-
tur. enim patriae carior quam Cicero ?
quis
Cic. Quid tibi videtur, Casca ? manetne nobis patria,
cum respublica iam periit ?
Casc. Illud me potius abs te audire decet. nonne in
animo tibi est, ut librum de republica edas ?

Cic. Ego pro ingenio meo, si quid in me ingeni est,

rem meditatus sum. aiunt Graeci optimam rei publicae
formam regnum esse Romani vero banc pessimam esse
:

adfirmant.
Casc. Quam igitur illi formam pessimam credunt ?

Cic. Illam, quam Graeco verbo tyrannida dicunt.

Casc. Mihi igitur videtur, quod illi tyrannida dicunt,
idem esse atque illud, quod Romani regnum. quid tu
ais?
Cic. Vix audeo dicere. quid si quis Romae vir bonus, 22
Clemens, belli peritus, prudens, tamen regnum exercere
velit ? numquis tyrannum hunc appellare velit ? at

tyrannus vir malus, crudelis, luxuriosus, pcrditus est.

 !

24 IDVS MARTIAE
Casc. Ille igituret tyrannussit et non sit. res ridicula

et absurda est : hoc placet.

Cic. Ego vero timeo, ne nobis omnibus cxitio sit.

Casc. Quare ?

Cic. Quia si vir malus Romae regnare velit, nemo

permittat ; si vero vir bonus et populo carus, nemo ei
obstare velit.

Casc. Abi, philosophia ! non places mihi. ego sic a

matre didici, virum bonum esse bonum, virum contra
malum malum esse, tu vero his contraria -dicis. sed
quis hie populi tumultus ? \Clamores audiu?itur,
Cic. Etsi vulgus non amo, propius accedamus.

23 Caesar. Antonius. Cicero. Casca. Vates.

CiVES.

CivES. Salve, Caesar dictator! salve, consul noster

salve in Parthos iture, et signa amissa relature !

Caes. Gratias vobis, cives, ago. sed iam longo diei

labore fessus sum : orationem habere vix queo. audite
potius, quae Antonius meis verbis usus pro me dicet.

CiVES. Salve, Antoni ! salve, consul noster !

Ant. Quid opus est verbis, cives ? ipsi oculis hodie

vidistis^ qualis sit Caesar, aiunt invidi hunc regem fieri

velle. quid vos dicitis ?

Civis I. Regem Caesarem saluto. salve, rex Caesar !

Civis 11. Non licet regem Romae fieri.

Ant. Vtrum Caesar rex fieri vult, an non ? quid hodie

vidistis ?

Civis I. Tu Caesari coronam detulisti. ego plausum

dedi.
Ant. Quid vero Caesar fecit ?

Civis II. Reiecit Caesar, ut debuit. turn ego i^uoque

plausum dedi.
 SCAENA I 25

Ant. Ttr ego detuli, ter rciccit Caesar, nunc iubct

Caesar banc rem in teniplo in aenea tabula inscribi, nc
qiiis posthac credat regem Roniae fieri posse.
CivES. Salve Caesar dictator salve, quocunque no-
!

mine vis appellari ! dis Romanis faventibus procede !

Vates. Audi, audi, magne Caesar. cave Idus

Martias !

Caes. Somniat hie procedamus.

\cxeunt om7ies praeter Ciceronem et Casca??i.

Cicero. Casca. 24

Cic. Audistine, Casca?

Casc. Videntur mihi hi quoque philosophiae studere.
Caesar vult rex fieri Caesar non
; vult rex fieri ;
quod
vult, nonvult ;
quod nonvult, vult.
Cic. Quid id est, quod nonvult ?
Casc. Regnum ; ita ait Antonius.
Cic.Equidem valde gaudeo. amo enim Caesarem.
Casc. Quid vero, si eras velit ?
Cic. Qui regnare Romae vult, non potest civis esse,

qui non civis est, hostis est.

Casc. Quid, Caesarne hostis est ?

Cic. Non equidem dixi : sed si . . .

Casc. Perlonga ilia philosophia est. ego iamdudum

bene quo velis excedere. Brutum hac nocte
intellego,

videbo illi dicam quae tu sentias.

:

Cic. Amicus Brutus Caesari est, patriae magis amicus.

[discedunf.
 SCAENA II

25 Brutus. Porcia.

PoRC. Quare tarn tacitus es hodie, Brute ?

Brut. Egone ? si tacitus sum, nescio tamen cur tacitus

sim. quis hie dies est?
PoRC. Cras Idus sunt Martiae.
Brut. Idusne Martiae? Idus illas timeo, sed cur
timeam nescio.
Porc. Quid igitur tecum semper meditaris ? noli uxo-

rem quidquam celare.

Brut. Sunt quae viris curae esse debent.
Porc. Quid ergo ? si ad te attinent, ad me non
minus attinent, quae uxor tua sum si ad rempublicam :

attinent, ad me quoque attinent, quae Catonis sum filia.

Brut. Vtinam Cato natus essem ille patriae semper,!

semper veritati serviebat. ego vero cui servio ?

Porc. Nemini servis^ Brute, liber in libera civitate

k^is.

Brut. Itane est? liberane civitas est,, quae uni

paret
ret ? auis hue accedit
sed quis ?

26 Brutus. Porcia. Cassius. Casca.

Cass. Salve, Brute : et tu salve^ Porcia.

Brut. Quid agis, Cassi ? valesne ?

Cass. Equidem satis valeam, si tu valeas. quid non

ille Brutus valuit, qui Tarquinio pulso primus consul
Romanus fuit ?
 SCAENA II 27

Brut. Concede paulum, Porcia mea. [/:>// Porcia.

Brutus. Cassius. Casca.

Brut. Quid mecum vultis?

Casc. Illiid scire volumus, num satis et animo et

corpore valeas. quid facias, si liostem hie Rf)inae intra

muros habeamus ?
Brut. Quern dicis hostem ?
Casc. Ego neminem. sed sine unum te rogeni. quid
censes de caede Lentuli, quae Cicerone consule facta est ?
Brut. lure mihi caesus videtur, et more maiorum.
Casc. Quo iure?
Brut. Quia Catilinam regnum appetentem adiuvabat.
Cass. Sunt fortasse hodie quoque in urbe Catilinae.
Brut. Est in urbe Cicero quoque hodie.
Casc. Hodie ego cum Cicerone locutus sum.
Brut. Quid ergo ille dicit ?
Casc. Ille quidem philosophiae hodie studet. ait

ilium, qui regnum cupiat, reipublicae esse hostem.

\Litteras adfert Lucius.] 27

Brut, {legit) Excita te. Brute ! noli iam dormirc I

cum videas, Brute, cur simulas te nihil videre ? Brute,

respublica te vocat ! Brute, defende rem publicam !

Brute, ne timueris fortiter agere ! Brute, sis Brutus !

{loquitur) quid ego agam ? ad quam rem \ocor ?

licetne vos consulere, amici ?

Casc At ego quidem censeo^ si Caesar . . .

Brut. Quid Caesar?

Casc A, verbum sapienti satis, vereor ne iam nimium
dixerim.
Brut. Quid tu, Cassi ?
 !

2^ IDVS MARTIAE
Cass. Nolo equidem verbuni dicere. tu credis me
Caesari invidere. ego vero contra Caesarem ne unum
quidem verbum dicani. tu videris, quid tibi dicendum,
quid agendum sit. hoc tantum dicam, si quando amico
egebis ad agendum, non ad dicendum, praesto esse
Cassium tibi. \aheunt : redit Porcia.
28 Brutus. Porcia.
PoRC. Quid
est, quare tam pallidus es?
mi vir?
omnia tuae Porciae narra.
Brut. Ego amicum amo, amo patriam quoque. utrum
magis amem, nescio.
PoRC. Nescis igitur vir esse, qui amicum nimium
amat, patriae amicus esse non potest.
Brut. Audi me, Porcia. ferunt Germanos, cum con-
silio egeant, a mulieribus suis semper petere. has
credunt divino numine adiuvari.
Porc. Est in quovis homine deus, qui consiha regit,
ita a patre meo didici. modo agas, quod agen-
fortiter

dum est.

Brut. Idne mihi consiU das ?

Porc. Immo hoc consiU do, ut nunc tandem dor-
mitum eas paene tota nocte vigilavisti en iam lucet.
: ; !

ego nunc famulas vocabo, et officium meum praestabo.

di te protegant \exit.

Brutus.
Brut. Fortiter age, Brute ! quid vero agam ? si amico
egebis ! patria te exspectat, Brute ! qui amicum nimium
amat, patriae amicus esse non potest ! quid ilia omnia
volunt ? age, i dormitum. Brute : eras videbimus. \exit.
 :

SCAENA III

Caesar. Antonius. Sknatores. 29

Caes. Vos, di deaeque omnes, quibus haec urbs curae
est, cives vestros tuemini Caesari iam nimium favistis
! :

satis ego habeo, siincolumem Romam videbo. vobis,

patres conscripti, deorum immortalium voluntate haec
urbs commissa est : consulite ergo, quid de summa
rerum agendum sit. litterae hodie ad me perlatae sunt,
Parthos in fines nostros irrumpere. loquere, Cicero
quid hodie censes ?

Cic. Nuper^ mi Caesar, in Cilicia in provincia fui.

cottidie veniebant nuntii, Parthos in oppidum aliquod

irrupisse. ego quod potui, vi et armis iis restiti. nunc
vero censeo delectum habendum esse, maiestatem Ro-
manam armis defendi debere.
Caes. ConsiHum bonum pro re dedisti. quid vero
tu, Cassi ?

Cass. Scio Caesarem nullum unquam periculum

timuisse. si quid illi foris, si domi acciderit (absit
omen !), nunquam sustinebit patria banc iacturam. spero
equidem Caesarem non iterum urbe discessurum.
Caes. Si patria Caesarem in arma vocabit, nuncjuam
hie in otio manebit. die, Casca.
Casc. Ego hostem protinus petendum, si foris est,

si domi .... \Ceteri tacere iubeyit.

Caes. Deorum opera nullum iam domi hostem habe- 30

mus : concordiam inter cives firmatam videmus. qui


30 IDVS MARTIAE
pro Pompeio pugnabant, patrlam non minus quam milites
meos amavisse fateor : illos pariter amo : illos pariter
cum meis rempublicam gerere gaudeo. die, Brute.

Brut. Ego tibi, Caesar, honores, tibi dignitatem

debeo : amavisti me ut filium : quod patri concedi solet,
tibi libenter concedo. ego civium voluntati resistere
nolo : faciat Caesar, quod optimum iudicet : spero
me nunquam officio meo defuturum.
Vates. Audi, audi, Caesar : cave Idus Martias ! cave
Idus Martias ! tum maxime cavendum est, cum te
tutissimum putabis !

Senatores {turhati). Quid ille canit ? quare infausta

voce concordiam nostram turbat ?

Caes. Mittite hominem, patres. nolo faustum hunc

diem omine malo turbari. quid ad nos vatum carmina
pertinent? ipsa me Calpurnia hodie precata est, ne in
curiam procederem ego vero nullo modo vos fallere
:

volui neque me usquam tutiorem credo, quam cum

:

undique amicis circumdor. agite ergo, prius quam urbe

exeo, rationem vitae meae dabo. si quem vestrum forte
offendi, veniam coram omnibus petam.
Cass. Nihil habeo quod respondeam, Caesar, nolo
te mea causa vocem ullam edere.
Cas. Nunquam me Caesar offendit. audio tamen
\vi abripitur.
Caes. Pro se quisque dicat. nolo rumores audire.
Brut. Non habeo quod tibi ignoscam, Caesar, tu
mihi potius ignosce, si quid consilio malo perductus
perfecero.
Caes. Caesar Bruto tantum credit, quantum sibi. sed
quis hue advenit ?
 ! !

SCAENA III 3T

\Jntrat Metellus Cimber; litkras adfcrt?^ 31

Met. Ad te appello, Caesar ; litteras has perlege.

Caes. Domi illud videbo, non hie ampllus sedcn-
dum est.

Senatores. Audi Metellum, Caesar : litteras lege.

Caes. Nimium molesti estis; conccdite. lictores,

viam facite.

Cass. Nunc vero, Brute, fortiter age : nunc sum mum

est tempus : en, ego exemplum dabo !

\_Caesarein gladio coufodnuit : iiltinins B?'2ifus quoqjie

ferit:\

Caes. Et tu, mi fili \jnoritiir.

Ant. Me quoquc, patres^ occidite : nunquam ego

meo superero. en quod Galli toties voluerunt,
Caesari
nunquam potuerunt en aeternum urbis huius dedecus
! !

en qui amici, qui patris, qui patris patriae sanguine

gladios suos imbuere ! [cmi?na deficit.

Brut. {pngio7i??i C7-Uniii7n attolleiis). Salve, Cicero !

salve, pater iterum patriae ! salve, consili huius boni

auctor
Cic. {pectus perciitiens), Occidistis me, amici ! occi-
distisoptimum Romanorum, optimum amicorum deos !

deasque omnes testor, me huius consili expertem esse.

\Clainores adfores curiae audiimtur. Irru7npu?it cives^

corpus Caesaris efferunt, senatoribus mortejii mi?ia?ttur.

fit tumultus\

IDUUM MARTIARUM FINIS.

 Ill

CREMVTIVS
 PERSONAE
Tiberius . Princeps
asinius aorippa Consul
Gaius Cossius . Consul
m. cominius Senator
m. suillius Senator
Marcus Lepidus Senex
A. Cremutius Cordus Senex
Aelius Seianus . Praefedus Vrln
Satrius Secundus Delator
L. Annaeus Seneca Iuve7iis

Marcia Cre77ii{ti{ /ilia

Romae res geritur, qiiinto et vicesimo anno post

Christum natum.
 CREMVTIVS
SCAENA I

Cremutius. Lepidus. Sexeca. Marcia. 32

Crem, Salvete, amici. gratias vobis ago, gratias agit

Marcia mea, quod nobiscum paucas horas una viverc
dignamini.
Marc. Salve, Lepide ; et tu quoque salve, Seneca,
festum hodie agimus diem : nam hodie pater mens
Annales suos ad finem perduxit.
Lep. Gratulamur tibi, Cremuti : ergo pulchrum illud
opus confecisti, quo veteres Romanos iterum vivere
audio.
Sen. Mihi quoque liceat tibi gratulari, Cremuti :

tibi quoque, Marcia, quae profecto patrem et consilio et

opera adiuvisti.
Crem. Immo dis gratias ago, qui mihi concesserunt
ut susceptum opus ad finem perducerem. satis enim
mihi vixisse videor, si ex me discent posteri, quid sit vir

Romanus.
Lep. Cum igitur una simus, quid si inter nos disputa- 33
mus, quid istud sit ? die igitur, Cremuti quos tu viros :

Romanos appellas ?

Crem. Quos ego appellem ? nonne Brutum primum

ilium, qui Tarquinios eiecit ? nonne Decios istos, patrem
D 2
 !

36 CREMVTIVS
et filium, qui pro patria mortem ultro obierunt ? nonne
Regulum, qui libertatem sibi ea condicione mereri noluit,
ut senatui pacem suaderet ?
Lep. Bene fecisti, mi amice ; te laudo. nam his
exempHs iuvenes nostros (qualis hie Seneca est) ad
virtutem incendis, nee tamen potentium iras commoves.
CrejNI. Tu vero noH credere me his rebus moveri ad :

libertatem me natum sentio, non ad servitutem.

Lep. Non minus Hber eris^ si prudentem te ostenderis.
quot ego ex amicis meis vidi^ qui cb verba praepropera
vitam perdidere
Crem. Vix te novi hodie, mi Lepide. qui vitam vero
impendit, is mihi solus vivere videtur. illud omnibus
notum velim, me in Annalibus meis M. Brutum magno-
pere laudavisse ; Gaium vero Cassium Vltimum Ro-
MANORUM appellavisse.
Lep. Mihi quidem ista non placent. his exemplis
imprudentes homines in scelus incitari possunt.

Crem. Ego vero nescio quid tu scelus dicas : hoc

tantum scio, viros illos pro re publica non tantum sentire,
sed et agere esse ausos. utinam hodie pares essemus !

34 Marc. Noli tantum commoveri, mi pater ira philo- :

sophum non decet. nobis potius responde, utrum in

Annalibus tuis mulieres quoque Romanae locum in-
venerint, annon.
Crem. Tu quidem bene novisti, mea filia, quid
responsurus sim. profecto neque Lucretiae oblitus sum,
quae (quamquam innocens) noluit tamen pudori super-
esse neque Cloeliae, quae contempto hoste Tiberim
;

transnavit ; neque Corneliae, quae duodecim liberis

amissis tamen felicem se iactavit^ quae Gracchorum
fuisse mater.
Sen Quid vero censes, Cremuti? utrum feminae
 SCAENA I 37

viris pares nascuntur, an iurc crcdiintur virtiitc cis

cedere ?

Crem. Possunt certe, ut Stoici nostri dicunt, viris

pares esse, si modo volunt. itaque Porcia, Catonis filia,

cum Bruto nupsisset, sociam se laborum, sociam con-

siliorum venisse dicebat. eadem coram marito femur
sibi confodit, ut doceret, quam bene dolorem ferre
posset, nonne tu, fiHa mea, idem, si opus erit, facies ?
Marc. Equidem nescio, mi pater, an possim, nescio 35
an velim. utinam Brutum Porcia consilio suo et opera
servavisset ! sed eamus ad cenam : parata est.

Sen. Qualis cena nos exspectat, Marcia? scis me

carnem esse nolle.
Marc. Scimus te Pythagoreum fuisse diceris quoque ;

litterarum amore perductus corporis neglegens fuisse.

sed cum in hac re emendatum te hodie videamus,
experiemur num
quoque profeceris.
in ilia

Crem. Eamus ergo una non derit nobis aut : dis-

putandi aut corpori satisfaciendi, quatenus natura iubet,

materia.
 SCAENA II

Seianus. Satrius.

36 Sat. Salve, Seiane ! valesne, ducum optime ?

Sei. Ego satis valeo, Satri, si principi nostro gratus
vivo.
Sat. Immo ille te, ut mereris, ornat. nonne in theatre
Pompei, quod iam nunc exustum reficit;, statuam tibi

ponit ?

Sei. In hac re gratias illi ago, non quod me ornet,

sed quod malevolos quosdam reprehendit. quid cives
credis dicere ?

Sat. Immo gaudent omnes, uno vel altero fortasse

excepto.
Sei. Quern excipis ? scio multos me, quod principem
amem, valde odisse.
Sat. Est quidani Cremutius Cordus, contumax
homo . . .

Sei. Novi hominem : sed quid nunc ille ?

Sat. Dicit nunc vere iheatrum perire, quod statuam

tuam receperit.
37 Sei. Ille quidem verbis me petit : alius fortasse his
verbis incitatus manu me petet. ego quidem principem
custodio ;
quis vero me custodiet ?

Sat. Canes tibi alendi sunt, qui tibi uni mansueti

erunt, aliis feri.

Sei. Tune canis partes vis agere.-*

Sat. Si tu mihi cibum dabis.
 :

SCAENA II 39

Sei. Q)uem igitur cibum petis ?

Sat. Caro mihi hunuina maximc placet, da mihi

ilium Crcmutium : quamquani durus est, ego ilium mitem
reddam.
Sei. Crcmutium petis? vir probus est, spectatus, suis
carus, principi non invisus. sed si e re publica est
ilium perire, obstare tibi non audeo. tu vero cave
quid agas.
Sat. Gratias tibi maximas ago, mi Seiane. pulchram
ego hodie orationem in senatu habebo: lacrimas omnibus
movebo.
Sei. Tace vero : princeps cum consulibus accedit.

Omnes Personae [praeter Marciam). 38

Agrippa. Te, luppiter optime maxime, vosque di
deaeque omnes qui bus haec urbs est curae, oramus et
obsecramus, ut quae hodie hie gerantur, bene irnperio
Romano, bene principi dilectissimo vertant. salutat
senatus Tiberium.
Tiberius. Deorum numine huic senatui rei publicae
cura est commissa : de iis nunc rebus consules referant,
quae niaximi momenti esse videantur. ego pro virili

parte, si quid imperiis gerendis didici, consilio vos adiu-

vabo.
M. CoMiNius. Audi, audi, Caesar, et miseris pro tua
dementia succurre.
Cossius. Die Hbere, M. Comini, quid velis.
Com. Mihi quidem nihil posco sed fratri meo, calami- ;

tatem passo, veniam oro.

Agr. Ille est, nisi fallor, qui probroso carmine in
Caesarem scripto lege maiestatis damnatus est.
Com. Stultitia erravit, et iuvenili ardore faceta dicendi
nunc facti paenitet, nunc veniam a te, Caesar, orat.
 40 CREMVTIVS
Tib. Quid multa ? se laesit, non me : poenae remissio-
nem a vobis, patres, si placet, libentissime peto.
Com. Dignum tua fama te praestas, niaxime Caesarum !

39 M. SuiLLius. Audi, audi^ Caesar, et miseris pro tua

dementia succurre.
Agr. Die libere, M. Suilli, quid velis.
SuiLL. Mihi quidem nihil posco sed fratri meo, cala- ;

mitatem passo, Caesaris auxilium posco.

Coss. Nonne ille est, qui pecunia ob rem iudicandam
accepta in exilium damnatus est ?

SuiLL. Ita est : sed quid facias ? etiam praestantissimi

senatorum in his rebus peccaverunt ; cur hunc unum
tanta afficitis poena ?

Coss. Nos quidem, Caesar, Publio Suillio bono amico

et lepido homine usi sumus. si huic ignosces, omnibus
senatoribus gratum feceris.
Tib. Deorum voluntate magistratibus Romanis vitae
et bona omnium civium commissa sunt, quid fiet hac re
publica,si iudicia argento corrumpentur ?

Agr. Pro sapientia tua dixisti, Caesar nos vero qui :

homines sumus, non philosophi, veniam petimus, si forte

unus nostrum in hac re peccavit.
\J\Iiirmiira adsentientiiwi aiiditmtiir.

Tib. {truci vidtii). Pudet me hercule vestrum, patres,

et miseret. num ita didicistis, amicos rei publicae
anteponere ? ego vero his precibus non cedam : immo
vinciatur P. Suillius et in insulam amoveatur ! discant
omnes Romani, valere iudicia in eos, qui publicum
honorem pretio vendant. \^Silentiuni fit.

40 Agr. Adsunt legati Hispaniae ulterioris orant ut ;

sibi liceat templum in honorem Tiberii et Augustae

aedificare.
 ::

SCAENA II 41

Tin. Res hacc non parvi momenti est, patrcs. con-

sulite libcrc, (luid fieri vclitis.

Agr. Die, Cossi, quid ipse sentias.

Coss. Sunt, patres conscripti, qui deos niundum regere
putent : sunt qui deos quidem esse putent, sed illos non
eurare, quid agat humanum genus, sunt quoque, qui
deos esse omnino negent. quid horum verum sit^ nescire
me fateor : nullam sententiam affirmaverim, nullam ne-
gaverim. Hispani principem nostrum deum esse volunt
ipse paene adducor, ut cum iis consentiam. equidem
censeo legatis nihil negandum.
Agr. Tu vero, Lepide, hie et annis et prudentia
excellis. die quid sentias.
Lepidus. Scio bene, patres conscripti, multos hominum
ob bene merita in caelum maiorum more esse sublatos :

sic Romulum, qui primus banc urbem condidit, sic

Caesarem Augustum, qui post tumultus pacem et tot

leges restituit. quod iustum censeat.

faciat princeps,
ego vero censeo, praestare gentes lovem optimum maxi-
mum templis et caerimoniis, principem amore et oboedi-
entia colere.
Tib. Asiae civitatibus priore anno, patres, concessi, ut 41
meo numini et urbis Romanae templum statuerent. hoc
semel feci,ut in animo haberent Graeci, instabile hominum
genus, divina auctoritate hoc nostrum imperium niti.

iterum ut fiat, non permittam. quid enim mihi cum

templis, cum sacrificiis ? ego me mortalem esse scio
hoc vos, hoc posteros meminisse volo. illud modo de
me dicant : vixit maioribus suis dignus ; rei publicac
causa neque hostium minas neque amicorum offensiones
timuit. hoc mihi optimum monumentorum, quod in

animis vcstris aedificatur. di mihi dent, ut nunquam

divini, nunquam humani iuris obliviscar ! nunc vero
 42 CREMVTIVS
abeant legati, atque suos iubeant Caeyari ea deferre,
quae Caesarem accipere deceat.
4:2 Sei. Audi, audi, Caesar, quae ad tuam salutem
maxime pertinent.
Tib. Meam quidem salutem tu optime curas, mi
Seiane; noli iam senatum morari.
Sei. Hunc vero audi, Caesar; nam in hac re rei

publicae salus cum

maxime coniuncta est.
tua
Sat. Hodie, Caesar maxime, omnes cives prudentia
et benevolentia tua coniunxisti. quid tum illis faciendum
putas, qui civilia odia excitare, partium iras conflare
volunt ?

Tib. Tii mihi potius die, Satri, quem hodie accuses.

Sat. Divus lulius ita in senatu sedebat, ut nunc tu ;

ita preces amicorum audiebat, ita consultis senatus

intererat. inopinantem, insontem Brutus et Cassius
interfecere. quis hoc iure factum dixerit ?

Tib. De ilia re pueri in ludis disputent : quid ad nos

attinet ? moraris senatum, Satri.

Sat. In hac causa etiam molestus esse audeo. qui

enim hos laudat;, hos iuvenibus imitandos proponit, quam
maximam calamitatem civitati aliquando inferre potest.
43 Quid tu censes, Seiane? nonne haec neglegere
Tib.
possumus ?
Sei. Ego sic censeo, Caesar si quis haec inter :

vina imprudens dixit, neglegas si vero eorum quis, qui:

aetate et doctrina auctoritatem habent, amplius res

investiganda est. ubi enim multus est fumus, potest esse

aliquid et ignis.
Tib. Quem igitur nominas, Satri ?

Sat. p]go quidem neminem. Ecce hunc librum, ubi

laudatur Brutus, Cassius vero Romanorum Vltimus
appellatur. videas ipse, cuius se esse dicat.
 !

SCAENA II 43

Tin. ijibrmn Icgens). AuH Cremutii Cordi Annaks !

. . . Brulii?n, quern ho?ioris causa /lOJuhio. . . . sic

7nortem obiit Cassius^ Romanorum Vltimus . . . dis-

cant ex me posteri, quid sit vir vere Romanus ! itane

vero, Crcmuti, prava ratione inductus scribis?
Crkm. Equidem liber sum natus : libcrc sentire, libere 44
scribere didici.
Tin. Quid vcro hie libere sentis, libere seribis? nonne
divus lulius, nonne Augustus, nonne ego pro libertate
omnium viriliter egi ?

Crem. Ius meum postulo.

Nonne mihi quoque aliquid apud posteros iuris
Tib.
concederc vis ? quam minime hoc Romanum est, nimium
philosophari
Lep. No sis tarn commotus, princeps ! temere ista

dicuntur, cito in oblivionem cadent.

Sei. Quorsus tantum verborum? die nobis potius,

Caesar, quid nunc agendum sit.

Tib. Ego vero quid dicam, quid non dicam, nescio.

di me omnes perdant, nisi cottidie peius pereo, quam
quisquam cupit eorum, qui me exemplo pessimo perire
volunt.
Sat. Ego quoque nihil nisi ius meum postulo. Cre-
mutio diem dico : illud quoque more maiorum repetere
audeo, ut vidcant co/isuks, lie quid detriinenii respublica
capiat.

Tib. lure igitur et ordine omnia agantur : dieto die

censeat senatus, quid his hominibus faciendum sit.

\discedit.

CoNSULKS. Surgite, patres, et donmm suam quisque

redite. res in alterum profertur diem. [exeu/it.
 SCAENA III

Cremutius. Marcia.
45 Marc. Num re vera vales, mi pater? quam pallida
es facie, quam infirmo pede ! non bene tibi procedit,
quod nunc semper solus es, solus bibis. oro te atque
mi pater, nitere ut vivas
obsecro, !

Crem. Non omnes re vera valent^ mea filia, qui valere

se credunt. ego vero re vera valeo. quid mihi cum facie,

cum pedibus ? haec miiii pro veste sunt : ego vero neque
facie neque pedibus, quae humana sunt^ consto ; sed
animo, cui divini aliquid inest.

Marc. Quam vereor, mi pater, ne me aliquid celes !

quid tibi nunc in animo est facere? quae te spes, qui

metus rapiunt ?

Crem. Nunquam quidquam, filia mea carissima, te

celavi, neque nunc faciam. optimas ego concepi spes :

mox accusatores meos effugero ; mox illud attigero, quod

hominibus optimum detulit natura.
INIarc. Quam haec timeo verba !

Crem. Saepe me mortem optimum

dicere audiisti,
naturae esse donum. nunc re expertus sum quam vera
ista sint: quartum iam diem cibo careo. didici, quid
ipse possim ; libertas mihi in manibus est curarum ;

omnium finis adest.

Marc. Perdis me his verbis^ pater, didicisti, quid

ipse possis facere : nondum didicisti, quid ego tolerare
 SCAENA III 45

non possim. adhuc est tempus ; ad vitam, oro te, dum

licet, revertere.

Cremutius. Lepidus. Seneca. Marcia. 46

Lep. Salve, Cremuti. neqiie temere hoc dico : salutem
tibi adfero.

Crem. Immo salutem mihi mea unius opera iam

paravi, nisi haec negat.
Lep. Seianum hodie, quamquam hominem non amo,
adii. valde tibi iratus erat ob ea, quae de theatro dixisti.

ego vero ei animum induxi, ut tibi parceret.

Crem. Quid si ego illi nolo parcere ?

Lep. '
Coram omnibus inquit Seianus mihi male
'
'

dixit, ego vero miti sum animo si me vitam orabit, :

dabo. satis mihi erit tam sapientem virum mihi vitam

debere.'
Crem. Abs te, Marcia mea, res pendet. ego quidem
satis vixi, si liber morior : satis accusatores meos ultus

sum, si eos effugio. tibi eligendum est, utrum patrem

peius perdere velis, quam Seianus facere potuit.
Marc, {diu sikt: tandem loquitur^. Ego, pater, Romana
nata sum nulla mulier a me discat, viros a bono pro-
:

posito deterrere. tibi, non mihi, res decernenda est.

Crem. Dis, quibuscum hodie bene cenabo, gratias

ago, quod tali me filia beavere. corporis istud onus iam
mihi excutere videor : mecum vivo : vici : vixi.

[
mo?'itu7\

Sen. Hunc aeterna nunc manet requies ! ossa et 47

cineres, pessimas eius partes, hie aspicimus : ipse integer
effugit. paulum supra nos morabitur, dum expurgatur
et inhaerentia ei vitia exuruntur tum inter fehces curret;

animas, Scipiones Catonesque, inter contemptores vitae

46 CREMVTIVS
et mortis beneficio
liberos. minime periit ; eo prae-
missus quo nos quoque tempore nostro sequemur.
est,

non reliquit ille nos, sed antecessit. non extremus hie

ei dies est : aeterni aevi natalis est.
[^xeii^fJ Lepidus et Seneca : Marciaifi corpus pain's
flentem re/inqi/inif^

Finis.
VOCABULARY
 ,

VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
abl. ablative. gen. genitive. perf. perfect.
ace. accusative. impers. impersonal. Pf- perfect.
adj. adjective. ifidecl. indeclinable. pi. plural.
adv. adverb. intrans intransitive. prep. preposition.
COVlp. comparative. VI. masculine. s. singular.
covj. conjunction. mid. middle. sup. supine.
dat. dative. 11. neuter. supcrl. superlative.
dcf. defective. nom. nominative. traits. transitive.
/. feminine. mtm. numeral. vb. verb.
>/. future 4-

NOTES
The numerals denote the declension of nouns, the class of
i, 2, etc.,
adjectives, and the conjugation of verbs respectively but nouns and ;

verbs with -i stems are marked as -i nouns and -i verbs '.

* ' '

Where the supine form is represented by a rule ( ), the supine

stem is not in general use.

Prepositions take the accusative case, unless otherwise stated.

a, ah ! accuso, I, accuse.
a (before consonants only), ab, ad, near.
to,
with vth\.,fro>n with passives,
; adduco, 3, lead up.
by abs te, from you.
; adeo, approach ; ducem adit,
abeo, go azvay. appi-oaches the general.
abripio, -ripui, -reptum, -i vb., adfero, attulT, adlatum, bring
pmll away. up.
absens, 2, absent. adflcio, -feci, -fectum , -i vb. cover
absum, am absent. ivith ; illud me ira adfecit, that
absurdus, i, stupid. gave me a feeling of anger.
accedo, -cessT, -cessum, 3 ap- adflrmo, i, state plainly.
proach ad hostes accedit,
; adhuc, till now.
approaches the enemy. adimo, -emi, -emptum, 3, take
accido, -cidi, 3, happen. away mihi gladium ademit,
;

accipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -i vb., took my s-vordfrom me.

receive. aditus, m. 4, approach, access.
accusator, m. 3, accuser. adiuvo, -iuvl, -iutum, i, help.
50 VOCABULARY
adoro, i, 7vorsliip. animus, m. 2, mind; pi., high
adsentior, 4, express agrcefnent. courage.
adspieiOj-spexi, -spectum, 3, see. annalea, m. pi. -i noun, history.
adsum, atn present senatul ; annon, or not ?
ndcrat, was present at the annus, m. 2, year.
se72ate. ante, adv. and prep., before.
adulescens, m.i. -y^youih, vtaid. antecedo, 2>, go before.

advenio, 4, arrive. antepono, 3,/r^;'.

aedes, f. pi., -i noun, house. Antium,n. 2, Antiuin (a town).
aedifico, i, build. appello, I, name ad Caesarem ;

aeneus, i, brazen. appello, appeal to Caesar.

aequo, i, make equal. appeto, -petlvi, -petltum, 3,
aetas, aetatis, f. 3, age. aim at.
aeterrms, i, e'ernal. apud, prep., near, in the sight
aevum, n. 2, ai^e. of
affero adfero. ara, f. i , altar.
afflcio = adficio. ardor, m. 3, keenness.
affirmo = adfirmo. argentum, n. s. 2, silver.
agedum, covic now ! arma, n. pi. 2, arms.
agito, I, stir. Asia, f. I, Asia.
agmen, agminis, n. 3, eonpany. aspicio adspiciu.
ago, egl, actum, 3, do^ drive ;
at, but.
quid agis, Jiow are you ? ater, atra, i, black.
aio, say, say yes. at que, and; idem atquc, the
albus, I, ivhiic. same as.
alienus, i, bcIongi)ig to anolJicr. attendo, 3 ; animum attende,
aliquando, at last. give your attention.
aliquis, aliquae or aliqua, sovie attineo, -tinui, 2, reach to ; nihil
one. attinet ad me, it does not con-
aliquot, many. cern me.
alius, other. attingo, -tigl, 3, touch.
alo, aluT, 3, rear. attoUo, no \)L or sup., 3, lift up.
alter, altera, other (of two), auctor, aucloris, m. 3, origina-
seeond. tor.
ambo, both. auctoritas, -tatis, f. 3, authority.
ambulo, i, take a walk. audeo, ausus, 2, dare.
amTca, f. \^ friend. audio, 4, hear.
amicus, m. 2, friend. aufero, abstull, abllitum, carry
amitto, 3, let go, lose. off-
amo, I, love. augeo, auxT, auctum, 2, make
amor, amoris, m, 3, love. larger, increase.
ilmoveo, 2, banish. Augusta, f. I, 'the revered,'
amplector, -plexus, 3, eifibracc. title of Livia, wife of the em-
amplexus, m. 4. embrace. peror Augustus.
amplius, longer. Augustus, m. 2, title of the
amplus, r, grand. emperor.
an, or? aurevis, i, golden.
anima, f. i, soul\ anima deficit, aut, or aut . : aut, either . . . . .

faitits. or.


VOCABULARY 51

auxiliuni, n. 2, help. ccrtamen, cevtaminis, n. 3,

struggle.
bellum, n. 2, iva7\ certe, certainly.
beno, well bene est, il is well.
; Cf3teri, pron., the rest.
beneficium, n. 2, benefit^ kind- cibus, m. 2yfood.
ness. Cicero, Ciceronis, m. 3, Cicero.
bejievolentia, f. \, goodivill. cinis, cineris, m. 3, ashes.
bed, I, bless. circumdo, -dedl, -datum, sur-
bibo, bihy, potum, 3, drink. round.
bis, twice. cito, quickly comparison
bonus. good; comparison
I, citius, citissime.
;

melior, optimus. c'vilis, adj. 2, of citizens.

civis, m. f. -i noun, citizen.
cado, cecidi, casum, 2^, fall. civitas, -talis, f. 3, citizenship,
caecus, i, blind. city.
caedes, f., -i noun, slaughler. clamor, clamoris, m. 3, shout.
eaedo, cecTdl, caesum, ?,, strike, claudo, clausl, clausum, 3, shut.
kill. Clemens, 2, vicrcifzd.
caelum, n. s. 2, heaven. dementia, f. 1. mercy.

caerimonia, f. 1, ritual. cognomen, -nominis, n. 3, title.

Caesar, Caesaris, m. 3, Caesar. C0I6, colui, cultum, 3, cultivate,
calamitas, -talis, f. 3, disaster. honour.
candidatus, i, clad in white. comitor, i, accompany.
canis, rn. f., -i noun, dog. committo, }^,joi}i, entrust.
cano, cecini, cantum, 3, slug. commoveo, 2, stir.
capio, cepT, captum, -i vb., take. commimis, 2, common.
captivua, i, captive. comprehendo, 3, seize.
cared, caruT, 2, be 7vithout\ caret concede, yield, retire
3, vTlam ;

cibo, is without food. victis conccdit, grants the

carmen, carminis, n. 3, song. conquered their lives.
car6,carnis, f. -i^, flesh. concipio, -ccpT, -ceptum, -i

cams, I, dear. \h.,form.

Cato, m. 3, Cato. Concordia, f. i, harmony.
causa, f. I, caiise ; t^luriae causa, condicio, -ionis, f. 3, terms.
for the sake of glory. conditio = condicio.
caved, cavi, cautum, 2, be^vare ',
condo, -didi, -ditum, 3, build.
cave canem, beware of the dog. conficio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb.,
cedo, cessT, cessum, 3, yield; complete, destroy.
cedit patria, withdraws from conflo, I, kindle.
his coztntry ; cedit hostibus, coufirmo, i, strengthen, assert.
is itiferior to the enemy. confodio, -lodT, -lossum, -i vb.,
cclebro, I, celebrate. stab.
celo, conceal; patrem horam
I, coniungo, },,joiit.
celat, conceals the time from coniiinx, coniugis, m. f. 3,
]lis father. husband^ 7vife.
cena, f. i dinner.
, Conor, I, attempt,
ceno, I. dine. conscribo, 3, enrol.
censeo, censi, censum, v. 2, consentio, -scnsi, -sensum, 4,
think. a(:ree.

F. 2
 .

52 VOCABULARY
consequor, -seciitiis, 3, attain. cum, conj., when, as, after.
consero, -seruT, -sertum, "^yjoi)!. cum, prep, with abl., zvith.
considero, i, consider, cupio, cuplvl or cupil, cupTtum,
consilium, n. 2^ plan, -i vb., desire.
consocio, I, tinite. cur, IV hy ?
consolor, i, comfort. cura, f. I, care apes mihi curae
;

conspectus, 4, sight. sunt, / take interest in bees.

conspicio, -spexl, -spectum, -i curia, f. i senate-house.
,

vb., see. cviro, I, look after, concern one-

consto, no perf. or sup., i, he self
consistent with abl., consist
; curro, cucurrl, cursum, 3, run,
of \ impers., constat eum custodio, ^, guard.
fugisse, it is consistently re-
ported that hejled. damno, I condemn , ; capitis dam-
consul, consulis, m. 3, consul. natus est, he zuas condemned to
consularis, 2, of consiilar rank. death
consulatus, m. 4, offcc ofconstil. de, prep, with abl., from, con-
consulo, -suluT, -sultum, 3, dis- cerning.
cuss, consult ; scnatum coii- dea, f. \, goddess.
sule, ask advice of the senate ; debeo, debul, debitum, 3, 02ve.
patriae cunsule, seek the good decedo, 3, zvithdraw.
ofyour country, decerno, -crevi, -cretum, 3, de-
consultum, n. 2, resolution. termine, decide.
consCimo, 3, waste. decet, decuit, v. pers. (but in 3
contemno, -tempsi, -temptum, pers. sing, and plur. only) and
3, despise. V. impers., becomes parvum ;

contra, adv. and prep., opposite. parva decent, a humble theme

contrarius, r, contrary. suits a humble poet pueros ;

contumax, 2 , rebellious. audire decet, it is becoming for

conturbo, i, confuse. boys to listen,
cor, cordis, n. 3, heart. decimus, 1, tenth.
coram, adv., openly prep, with ;
dedecus, n. 3, dishonour.
abl., in the presence of. dedo, -didl, -ditum, 2give up,
Coriolanus, 2, title of Marcius, defend, -fendl, -fensum, 3, de-
Corioli, m. pi. 2, Corioliia. Vol- fend.
scian town). defensor, m. 3, defender,
corona, f. 1, garland. deiev6,-\.\\\\,-\a.\.\\my.bringdo'iun,
corpus, corporis, n. 3, body. bring as a tribute.
corripio, -ripul, -replum, -i vb., deficio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb.,
snatch up. fail', verba me deficiunt, tvords
corrumpo, 3, corrupt. fail 7ne,
cottidie, daily. dehinc, henceforth.
eras, to-morrow. deicio, -iecl, -iectum, -i vb.,
creditor, m. 3, creditor. throw down.
credo, -didi, -ditum, 3, believe; delator, m. 3, informer.
mihi crede, believe me, delego, -legl, -Icctum, 3, choose.
cresco, crevi, }^,gro%v. deleo, -levl, -letuni, 2, destroy,
crudelis, 3, cruel. delibero, i, hold discussioti.
cruentua, i, IdoodUained deuiqua, lastljf
 VOCABULARY 53

depello, -pulf, -pulsum, 3, tJirust edo, -didi, -ditum, ^^^^ put forth,
aside. publish.
descendo, -scendT, -scensum, 3, eflfero, extulT,elatum, carry out,
climb do'ion, descend. carry to burial.
desidero, i, viiss valde tc dcsl- ; effugio, -fugi, -i vb., escape.
derO, Ifeel your absence viiich. egeo, eguT, 2, lack; cget i)ecriniac
desino, -siT, -situm, 3, cease. or pecfinia, lacks money.
desum.rtw lackin^i^; dcsunt inili- ego, /.
tibus arma,///d? soldiers arc not eho, halloa !
supplied with arms. eicio, -i vb., turn out.
deterred, 2,frigJiten away. 61igo, -IcgT, -lectum, 3, choose.
detrimeutum, n. 2, harm. eloqueutia, f. i , eloquence.
deus, m. 2, s^od. emeudatus, i, reformed.
died, dTxI, dictum, 3, say. emo, eml, emptum, 3, buy.
dictator, -toris, m. 3, dictator. en, see /
dies,m. ^,day diem ; dlcere,yfjr enim,yi7;-.
a day for trial. enumero, i, count,
dignitas, -tatis, f. 3, dignity. eo, go.
dignor, deign.
i, eo, adv., to that place.
dignus, -worthy ; dignus ho-
1, equidem, (/) indeed.
noie, Tvorthy of the honour. erga, prep, with ace, totvards.
dilectus, I, beloved. ergo, therefore.
dilectus, m. 4, levy. eripio, -ripuT, -reptuni, -i vb.,
dimico, i, struggle. snatch away.
disco, didicT, 3, learn. erro, i, wander, err.
discrimen, -minis, n. 3, danger. error, erruris, m. 3, mistake.
dispute, I discuss. , erubesco, -rubuT, , 3, blush.
distribuo, -tribuT, -tributum, 3, et, and; et . . . et, both . . .
allot ^ distribute. and.
divinus, i divine. , etiam, also, even.
di vus, I godlike.
,
etsi, although.
do, dedl, datum, ^?V^. euge, hun-ah I
doceo, docuT, doctum, 2, teach. evad6,-vasi, -vasum, 3, escape.
doctrina, f. i, learning. exanimus, i lifeless. ,

dolor, doloris, m. 3, pain. excedo, 3, depart, come to an end.

domus, f. 4, house. excello, -celhiT, 3, excel.

,

doniim, n. 2, gift. excido, -cidi, },, fall out. ,

dormio, 4, sleep. excipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -i vb.,

dum, ivhilst, until. zvelcome, make exception of.
duo, num. adj., tivo. excito, 1, arouse.
duodecim, twelve. excutio, -cussi,-cus5um, -i vb.,
diirus, i, hard, merciless. shake off.
dux, ducis, m. 3, leader. exemplum, n. 2, model, prece-
dent.
e, ex, prep, with 7i\A.,froin, out exeo, exil, exitum, ^(C otd.
exerceo, 2, traiyi, exercise.
ecce, particle of exclamation, exercitus, m. 4, army.
see ! exigo, -egl, -actum, 3, drive out ;
edo, edi, esum, eat. exegl O'pws, I have completed the
54 VOCABULARY
iask\ exigit a me argentum, fides, f.
I), faith.
demands nionty of ine. filia, f. I, daughter.
exiliura, n. 2, exile. filius, m. 2, son.
eximo, -emi, -emptuni, 3, take fingo, finxi, fictum, 3,/t'4'.
aivay. finis, m., -i noun, //;////, end\
exitium, n. 2, desi ruction. pi. fines, territory.
exopto, I, longfor. , fio, be j)iade, become.
exoro, 1, obtain by pruycrs. firmo, I, strengthen., establish.
experior, -pertus, 4, try. firmus, I, st7-cng.
expers, 2, without share iii. flamma, f. \, flame.
expurgo, I, cleanse by fire. fleo, jlevi, fletum, 2, wecp\
exspectd, 1, await. trans., weep for.
exterus, i, on the outside com- ; floccus, 2, lock of ivool; flocci
])arison exterior, extrcmus. facio, consider xuorth a st>'aza.
extra, adv. or prep., outside. focus, 2, hearth.
extremus. See exterus. foris, f., -i noun, door.
exulo, I, live in e.xile. foris, out of doors.
exuro, 3, burn up. forma, f. 1, shape, beauty.

fortasse, perhaps.
facetus, I witty. , forte, by cha)ice.
facies, f. ^,face. fortis, 2, strong, brave.
facio, feci, factum, -i vb., do, fortiter, bravely,
make. fortitiido, -dinis, f. 3, courage.
factum, n. 2, deed. fortuna, f. i, chance.
fallo, fefelll, deceive ;
hora nus frater, fralris, m. 3, brother.
fefellit, we did not notice the frviruentum., n. 2, cor)i.
time. friistra, in vain.
fama, f. i, report, glory. fugio, fugl, fut. part, fugiturus,
fames, f. 3 and ^fhu}iger. -i \h., flee from, flee.
famula, f. 1 maid. , fugitivus, m. 2, runaway.
fas, n.indecl.noun, thingpermis- furaius, m.
smoke. 2,

sible. fundo, fudi, fusum, 3, pour out,

fateor, fassus, 2, declare, confess. scatter.
faustus, 1, lucky. fiinus, funeris, n. 3, death.
faveo, favi, fautum, 2, favour;
patriae favet, seeks his country's gaudeo, gavlsus sum, 2, re-
good. joice.
felicitas, -tatis, f. 3, happiness. gaudium, n. 2, joy.
felix, -icis, 2, happy, gens, gentis, f., -i noun, people.
femina, f. 1, zvoman. genu, n. 4, kjiee.
femur, femoris, n. 3, thigh. genus, generis, n. 3, race.
feriae, f. pi. i, holiday. Germanus, m. 2, a German.
ferio, no pf. or sup., 4, strike. gero, gessi, gestum, 3, carr}',
fero, bear, report. wear; bellum gerit, carries
ferox, ferocis, 2, bold. on war.
ferus, I, wild. gigno, genuT, genitum, I, give
fessus, I, tired. life to.
festus, \, festal. gladius, m. 2, sword.
fldelis, 2, faithful. gloria, f. \, glory.
 VOCABULARY 55

Graecus, adj. i, Greek. immo, nay /

Graecus, m. 2, (Z Greek. immortalis, 2, immortal,
gratia, f. i ^favour; pi., thanks; immotu.s, 1, unmoved.
gratias tibi ago, / tliank you ;
impendo, -i)cndr, -pcnsunn, 3,
gratiis, y^r nothing. stake 2<pon.
gratulor, vh. mid. i, congratu- iraperator, -toris, ru. 3, com-
late. mander.
gratus, \, pleasing, thankful. imperium, command.
n. 2,
gravis, 2, heavy. impero, conunand im])erat
l, ;

graviter, heavily, seriously. Gallis obsidcs, bids the Gauls

furnish hostages.
habeo, 2, have, hold \ hocbabct, impetus, m. 4, onset.
that's a hit ! impius, I, d-:jfiant.
hem, oh I imprimis, especially.
hercule, l>y heaven ! impriideus, -dentis, 2, not
hie, haec, this. knowing, imprudent.
hie, he7'e. in, with ace, to; with abl., in.
Hispania, f. i, Spain. incendo, -ccndi, -censum, 3,
Hispanus, m. 2, a Spaniard. set 0)1 fire.
hodie, to-day. ineito, i, incite.
homo, hominis, m. f. 3, man. incolumis, 2, safe.
honestus, i, honourable. indico, /point to.
i

honor, honoris, m. 3, honour, indignus, i u7iworthy morte, ;

public office. indignus, little deservingdcath.

hora, f. I, hour. indxico, 3, lead on.
hostis, m. f., -i noun, enemy. inertia, f. i, helplessness.
hiic, hither. infaustus, i, unlucky.
hiimanitas, f. 3, kindness. infero, intull, inlatiun, carry
hiimanus, i, human, gentle. against.
infestus, i, attacking, danger-
iaeto, I, throw about ; seiactare, ous.
boast. infirmus, I, weak.
iactiira, f. i, loss. ingenium, n. 2, talent.
iara., soon, already; non iam, inhaereo, 2, adhere to (with
no longer. dat.).
iamdiidum, this long zvhile. inimieus, m. 2, enemy.
ibi, thc)i, there. inimieus, i, hostile.
idem, eadem, same. innocens, -centis, 2, innocent.
idCis, f. pi. 4, Ides. inopia, f. i, scarcity.
igitiir, therefore. inopinans, 2, not expectitig.
ignavus, cowardly.
i, inquam, say.
ignis, m., noun,yf;v. -i insania, f. 1, madness.
ignoseo, -novl, -notum, 3, for- insanio, 4, be mad.
give; mihi ignosce, forgive insanus, i, mad.
me. inscribo, 3, engrave.
ille, ilia, he, that. insons, 2, innocent.
imbuo, 3, dip. inspicio, -i vb., exatnine.
imitor, i, imitate. instabilis, 2, unsteady,
imminuo, 3, injure. insula, f. J, island.


56 VOCABULARY
insum, am
in or on; lunae laedo, laesT, lacsum, 3, injure.
ineraiit cornua, the moon laetus, I
,
glad.
shozaed horns. lana, f. i, 7vool.
integer, Integra, I, whole. laudo, I, praise.
intellego, -lexl, -lectum, 3, legatus, m. 2, chief officer,
understand. spokesman.
inter, ivithin, amonqst. legio, Icgionis, f. 3, legion.
interea, meanwhile. lego, legl, lectum, v. 3, pick out,
interflcio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb., read.
kill. lepidus, I, sociable.
interaum, am present at; proello lex, legis,f. 3, law.

intererat, tooh part in the libenter, gladly.

battle. liber, librl, m. 2, book.
Intro, I, enter. liber, libera, \,free\ pi. liberi,
intus, within. m. 2, children.
invado, -vasT, -vasum, 3, attack. Uhere, freely.
invenio, -veni, -ventum, j^,Jind. libertas, -tatis, f. 3, liberty.
investigo, i, investigate. licet, licuit or licilum est, it is
invideo, envy cui invides ?; alloived.
whom do you envy? lictor, m. 3, officer.
invidus, i, envious, Jealous. littera, f. i, letter; pi., letter,
invisus, i, disliked. epistle.
ipse, ipsa, self. locus, m. 2, place.
ira, f. I, anger. longus, I, distant.
irascor, Tratus, 3, grow angry ;
loquor, locutus, 3, talk ; mecum
mihi Irasceris, you are getting locutus est, he spoke to me.
angry with me. lucet, luxit, V. impers. 2, it
iratus, i, anj^ry. dazvns.
irrumpo, 3, burst in. liidus, ni. 2, game, school.
is, ea, he, that. luxuriosus, i, extravagant.
iste, ista, that.
ita, so. magis, rather.
Italia, f. I, Italy. magistratus, m. 4, magistrate.
iterum, a second time. magnopere, greatly.
iubeo, iussi, iussum, 2, order. magnus, \, great; comparison
iudieium, n. 2, judgment, court. maior, maximus.
iudico, I, Judge. maiestas, -tatis, f. 3, dignity ;

luppiter, lovis, m. 3, Jove. lex maiestatis, law of treason.

iuro, ifiratus, 1, swear, maior, greater ;
pi. niaiores,
ius, ifiris, n. "J^, Justice, right; ancestors.
ius ago, dispute ; iure, rightly. male, ill; male est mihi, things
iustus, 1 ,Just. go ill with me.
iuvenilis, 2, youthful. maledictum, n. 2, curse.
iuvonis, m. f., -i noun, youth, jnalevolus, i, ill-7vishing.
maid. malus, bad; comparison
I,
peior, pessimus.
labor, laboris, m. 3, work. mandatum, n. 2, message.
lacriraa, f. i, tear. maneo, mansT, mansum, 2, re'
laerimo, 1, weej). main trans, await.
:
 . .

VOCABULARY 57

mansuetus, \,iafne. momentum, n. 2, importance.

manus, f. 4, hand. mons, montis,m.,-i woww. moun-
maritus, 2, husband. tain.
Mars, Martis, m., -i Doun, Mars. monumentum, n. 2, memorial.
Martius, i of Mars, or ofMarch.
, morior, mortuus, fut. part, mori-
mater, matris, f. 3, viotlier, tOrus, 3, die.
materia, f. i, substance. moror, l, delay.
matrona, f. i. lady. mors, mortis, f., -i noun, death.
meditor, i, think over. raortalis, 2, mortal.
ruaxime, most greatly., especially. mortuus, i, dead.
maximus, greatest; quam ma- mos, moris, m. 3, custom ; pL,
ximus, the greatest possible. mores, character.
See magnus. moved, movl, motum, 2, move
melior, 3, better. (trans.).
memini, retnember; memini raox, soon.
illlus noctis, / retnember that muliebris, adj. 2, of a woman.
flight. mulier, mulieris, f. 3, woman.
mens, mentis, f., -i noun, mind. multum, much.
mereor, 2, deserve. multus, \,7nuch; comparison
meritum, n. 2, desert. plfis (neut. s.), plures (pi.),
metuo, iTietuT, i^fear. plfirimus.
metus, m. j^^fcar. mundus, m. 2, universe.
meus, my. Voc. m. s. ml. miinio, .^.fortify, buildup, road).
miles, mllitis, m. 3, soldier. murmur, murmuris, n. 3, roar.
minae, f. pi. i threats. , murus, m. 2, wall.
minime, very little, not at all. musso, \, mutter.
minister, ministri, m. 2, servant.
minor, 3, s /nailer. See parvus. nam, for.
minor, threaten; mihimortem
i, narro, i, tell.
minatur, he threatens vie with nascor, natus, 3, am born ;

death nate dea, goddess-born !

miror, i, wonder, admire. natalis, m, -i noun, birthday.
mirus, i, wonderful natiira, f. i, fiature.
miser, misera, I, wretched; -ne, interrogative particle,

comparison miserior, miser- ne, conj,, /est ; ne . . quidem, .

rimus. 7iot even.

miseret, miseruit or miseritum nee 6, I, kill.
Qsi, pity. nefas, indecl. noun, wickedness \

misericordia, f. \,pity. nefas est, it is forbidden.

mitis, 2, gentle, soft. neglegens, 3, careless.
mitto, misl, missum, 3, setid, let neglego, -lexl, -lectum,3,<^''/tv/.
go- nego, I deny.
,

moderor, v. mid. i, control nemo, neminis, m. 3, no one.

(with dat.). neque, neither; neque . . .
m.odo, adv., only. neque, neither nor. . . .

modus, m. 2, measure. nequidquam, in vain.

moenia, n. pi., -i noun, ram- nescio, nescivi or nescil, 4, tioi
parts. know.
molestus, i, troublesome. nihil, n. 2, nothing.
58 VOCABULARY
nimium, u. 2, too niiuh \ also as obsto, no perf. or sup., \, oppose,
adv. obtempero, i, obey nemini ob- ;

nisi, unless. temperavit, obeyed no one.

nitor, nlsus or nixus, 3, rely on, obtineo, -tinuT, , 2, keep.
strive ; hasta \\\\w.'h, leaning on occido, occidi, occlsum, 3, slay,
his spear. oculus, m. 2, eye.
nolo, a7n umvilling. odi, hate \ fut. part, osi.rus.
nomen, nominis, n. 3, name. odium, n, 2, illfeeling.
nomino, i, 7iame. offendo, -fendl, -fensum,, 3,
non, tiot. cffend.
Nonae, f. pi. i , Agones. offensio, f.
i, giving offence.
nondum, not yet. oflBlcium, n. 2, duty.
nonne ? not ? ohe, so !
nosco, no perf. or sup,, 3, learn ;
omen, ominis, n. 3, omen.
perfect novi, knozu. omnino, altogether.
noster, nostra, I, our. omnis, 2, all.
notus, 1, knoivn, acquainted. onus, oneris. n. 3, burden.
novi. See nosco. opera, f. i help, employment.
,

novus, I, new. oppidanus, m. 2, townsman.

nox, noctis, f., -i noun, night. oppidura, n. 2, stronghold.
nubo, nilpsT, nuptum, 3 (with optime, best.
dat.) ; wed. optimus, I , best.
nuUus, pronominal adj., no. opto, I, xuish.
num, interrogative particle, opus, opcris, n. 3, 7O0rk ; opus
niimen, numinis, n. 3, divine est, is necessary.
p07ver. oratio, -ionis, f, 3, speech.
numquis, numquae or numqua, orbis, m., -i noun, circle orbis ;

as in; numquis me sequi vult ? ten arum, tlie world.

surely no one -wishes to follozv ordo, 6rdinis,m.3,;7/fr; ordine
vie. or e.x ordine, in order.
nunc, now. orno, I, adorn.
nunquam, never. oro, \,pray.
nxintius, ni. 2, messenger. OS, ossis, n, 3, bone.
nuper, lately. oitendo, -tend!, -tentum(?/' -ten-
nurus, f. 4j daughter-in-law. sum, 3, display.
otium, n. 2, leisure.
6, oh !
oil, prep, with ace, on account of. paene, almost.
obeo, meet ; mortem obiit, he paenitet, paenituit, regret.
died. pallidus, \,pale.
oblivio, f. 2),forgei/uhiess. par, par is, 2, equal.
obliviscor, oblltus, 3, forget ; paratus, i, ready.
miseriae ohlltus, forgetting his pared, pepercT, (temperatum), 3,
, piisery. spare ; urbl pepercit, spared
oboediens, 3, obedient. the city.
oboedientia, f. i, obedience. parens, parentis, m. f, 3, parent.
obsecro, i entreat. , pared, paruT,(obtemperatum), 2,
obsideo, -sedi,-sessum, 2, block- obey ; consul! pare, obey the
ade., consul.
 ;

VOCABULARY 59

pario, pepcri, partiui), -i vb., perl ego, -legi, -lectum, 3, real

ivin, give birtJi to. through.
paro, I, collect, preparCyWin. pertineo, -tinui, 2, pertain non ;

pars, partis, f.,-i noim,/ar/; pi. pertinet ad rem, lias nothing

partes, a party ; partes agcrc, to do zuith it.
to act a part. pervenio, -veni, vcntum, 4,
Parthus, m. 2, a Parthian. arrive.
parvulus, 1 little. , pes, pedis, m. l^foot.
parvus, I, small; comparison pessimus, i worst. See mains.
,

minor, minimus. peto, petivl or petil, petltum, 3,

pateo, i)atuT, 2, lie open. ask, attack petit a me queni
;

pater, patri?, m. 7,, father. videi im, he asks me zvho it zvas

patior,passus, -ivb., suffer non ; I saiv.
paticir te abac, / ivill not let philosopher, \, philosophise.
you go. philoKophus, 2, philosopher.
patria, f. i, country. pietas, -tatis, f. 3, loyalty, ^ff'-
patrius, i of the country.
, tion\ pietas erga patrem, ajfcc-
patruus, m. 2, uncle. tion tozvards his father.
pauci, i,fezu. placed, zvin approval', im-
2,
paulum, n. 2, nom. ace. s. only, pers., placuit senatui legal os
a little. mitll, the senate resolved that
pauper, pauperis, S,poor; super- spokesmen should be sent.
lative iDauperrimus. plaudo, plauil, plausum, 3,
pax, pacis, f.
2, peace. No gen. clap.
pi. plausus, 4, applause.
pecco, I c/o wrong.
, plebes or plebs, f. 3 and 5,
pectus, pectoris, n. 3, breast. common people.
pecunia, f. 1, vioney. plerique, /Jiost.
peior, 3, worse. pluit, pluit, itrains.
pello, pepull, pulsum, 3, plurimus, j, in very i^reat num-
drive. ber.
pendeo, pependl^ 2, hang (in- plus, n. 3, nom. and ace, more.
trans.). poena, f. \, punishment.
per, prep, with ace, through. polliceor, 2, promise.
percutio, -cussT, -cussum, -i vb., pontifex, -fici?, m. 3, high
strike. priest.
perditus, i, dissolute. populus, m. 2, people.
perdo, -didi, -ditum, 3, destroy. porta, f. I, gate.
perdue 6, 3, d7-azu on. porto, r, carry.
per eo, perish. posco, poposci, 3, ask', patrem
perfero, pertull, perlatum, carry claves poscit, asks his father
through, endure. for the keys.
perficio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb., possum, potuT, be able.
complete. post, adv., aftcrzvards, behind)
periculum, n. 2, danger. pre])., after, behind.
peritus, i, experienced in (with postea, aftcrzvards.
gen.). posterus, behind, later; com-
perlongus, i, very long,
permitto, i, permit.
parison
pi. poster!,

posterior, postremus
descendants.
60 VOCABULARY
posthac, hereafter. promitto, promise; promlsit }y,

postquam, conj., after, promised to be there.

se x^ioxQ.,
postulo, I demand. , prope, adv. and prep., near
potens, 3, powe)ftiL comparison propius, pro- ;

potius, rather. xime.

praebeo, 2, provide; fortem se propouo, 3, set forth.
\)r:v&h\!i\i,showed hiifiself brave. propositum, n. 2, resolution.
praeditus, i, endowed. protego, },, protect.
praefectus, m. 2, governor. protinus, at once.
praemitto, 3, send in advance. provincia, f. i province. ,

praeproperus, i overhasty. , provoco, V. \, challenge.

praesens, -sentis, 2, present, proximus, \, nearest.
helpful. prucens, -dentis, 2, far-seeing.
praesidium, n. 2, garrison. prudentia, f. 1 forethought. ,

praestans, 2, eminent, pudet, puduit or puditum est,

praesto, -stiti, -stitum, \^ fur- feci ashamed.
nish ;se fortem praestitit, pudor, pudoris, m. 3, sense of
showed himself brave fid em ; honour.
praestitit, made good his pro- puer, puerl, m. 2, boy.
mise (with dat.;, excel.
; pugio, m. 3, dagger.
praesto, near. pugna, f. I , battle.
praeter, prep., past, except. pugno, \,
fight.
praetor, -toris, m. praetor. "x,, pulcher, ]^ulchra, i, beautiful.
pravus, I, perverse. puto, I, think.
preces, prayers,
f. pi. 3, TythaigOTenSjm. 2 Pythagorean, ,

precor, pray.i
,
i. e, vegetarian.
premo, press!, pressum, press. -y^,

pretium, n. 2, price, reward.

pTimnm, ^rstly. quaero, quaesIvT, quaesltum, 3,
primus, J, first. ash quaesivit ex me quis
;

princeps, -cipis, m. 3, chief. essem, ashed me tvho I 7uas.

prior, comp. adj., i7i advance. quaeso, v. def., beg.
privo, 1, rob. qualis, such as, as.
2,
pro, prep, with abl., on behalf qualis ? of %vhat sort ?
of quam, thaji, how.
probrosus, I, scandalous. quamquam, although.
probus, I, honest. quantus, as great as, as.
i ,

procedo, 3, advance non bene ; quantus ? how great ?

procedit, things are not going quare, wherefore I
xvell. quartus, fotirth. 1 ,

prodeo, cotne forward. quatenus, as far as.

proditor, m. '>y,iraitor. quattuor,yi?7^;-.
profecto, asstiredly. -que, and ; -que . . . -que, both
profero, -tulT, -latum, bringfor- . . . and.
ward, postpone. quemadmodum, how.
proficio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb., queo, be able.
make progress. querceus, adj. i of oakleaf. ,

proficiscor, -fectus, 3, stat-t. qui, quae, quod, zvho.

prohibeo, 2, keep away, prevent. quia, because.
 VOCABULARY 6i

quicunque, quae-, quod-, ivlio- repcto, 3, seek agaiyt, ask again.

eve7-, wliatei'cr. repreheiido, -liendl, -hcnsuin,
quidam, quae-, quid-, a cerlaiii 3, blame.
one, a. reprimo, -pressi, -pressum, v.

quidem, indeed. 3, press back.

quiesco, quicvl, quictum, 3, he- requies, f. 3 and 5, rest.
come tinict^fall asleep. res, f. property, event, thing.
s^,

quinquej^ftV. resisto, 3, resist; dolorl

restitl,

quintus, \^ fifth. resiste, do not gi'oe in to pain.

-quis, -quae or -qua, -quid, any. respici6,-spexl, -spectum, -i \1).,
quis ? quae ? quid 'd>ho ? ? regard.
quisqviam, quicquain or quid- responded, -spondT, -spdnsum,
quam, any. 2, ans7uer; responde mihi,
quisque,quacque,quidque, each. anstuer me I
quisquis, quidquid, ivJioever. responsum, n. 2, answer.
quivis,quaevTs, quodvIsr quid- res piiblica, cammonwcallh;
f. I ,

vis, -ivhoever yoii please. e re publica, for the good of

quo, to ivhicli place. the stale.
quod, 171 that, because, restituo, -stitui, -slitnium, 3,
quondam, once. restore.
quoque, also. retineo, retinuT, retentum, 2,

quorsus ? to what purpose ? hold back.

quot ? how many ? revertor, revert!, reversum, 3,
quotiens ? hozu many times ? return.
rex, regis, m. 3, ki)ig.
rapid, rapuT, raptum, -i vb., ridiculus, l absurd. ,

snatch, seize. rogo, I, ask.

ratio, -ionis, f. 3, reason, plan; Koma, I Rome. f. ,

philosophical system. Romanus, i, Roman.

reciiso, 1, refuse, object. Romanus, m. 2, a Roman.
reddo, -didi, -ditum, 3, restore. Romulus, m. 2, Romulus.
rede 6, come back. rumor, m. 3, talk.
redono, 1, re-endow. ruo, ruT, fut. part, ruiturus, 3,
refero, relatum, carry
rettulT, rush forth.
back in the senate, introduce
;
riipes, f. -inoun, rock.
a discussion gratiam referre,
;
rursus, again.
show gratitude by act.
reficio, -feci, -fectum, -i vb., re- sacer, sacra, i, sacred; n. pi.
pair, refit. sacra, sacred emblems.
refugium, n. 2, refuge. sacerdos, -dotis, m. f. 3, priest^
regnum, n. 2, sovereignty. priestess.
rego, rectum, 3, rule.
rcxT, sacrificium, n. 2, sacrifice.
reicio, reiecl, reiectum, -i vb ,
sacrdsanctus, i, sacred.
reject. saepe, often.
relinquo, -llquT, -lictuni, 3, saevus, i, cruel.
leave behind. saltem, at least.
reraissio, f. 3, remission. salus, salutis, f. 3, safely,
repello, reppull, repulsum, 3, saluto, I, greet.
drive back. salve, welcome !


62 VOCABULARY
salvus, I, safe. simul, at the same ti/ne.
sanguis, sanguinis, m. 3, hlood. simulo, \, pretend.
sapiens, sapienlis, m. f. 3, ivise sine, prep, with abl., ivithout.
person, sage. singuli, group numeral I, one
sapientia, f. 1, tvisdom. by one.
satis, n. 3, nom. ncc. s. only, sino, no pf. or sup., 3, allo7i>,
enougli also as adv.
; Einus, m. 4, lap, fold.
satisfacio, -i vb., satisfy (with socia, f. I, companion.
dat.). Eolus, alone.
saucius, I, tvottnded. solvo, solvT, solntum, 3, loosen,
scelus, sceleris, n. 3, crime. relax.
scio, no pf. or sup., 4, hno7V. somnio, T dream.,

Sclpio, -ionis, m. 3, Scipio. spectatus, r, esteemed.

scribo, scrTpsT, scriptiim, 3, sperno, sprevi, spretum, 3,
ivrite. despise.
0}- sese, self ox selves. spero, I, hope.
secundus, i, favoiD-able ; ns spes, f. 5, hope.
numeral, second. static, f. 3, soldier s post.
sed, hut. statua, f. I, statue.
sedeo, sedi, sessum, 2, sit. statuo, statu!, statutum, 3, set
semel, once. 7ip, determine.
semper, akvays. sto, stetl, I, stand.
senator, 3, senator. Stoici, m. pi. 2, Stoics.
senatus, m. 4, senate. studeo, studuT, , 2, study
sententia, f. decision. 1 , (with dat.\
sentio, sensT, sensum, 4. feel, stultitia, f. I, folly.
ascertain. stultus, x, foolish.
sepelio, -pcllvl, -pultum, 4, suadeo, suasT, suasum, 2, per-
bury. suade ;
pacem niihi suadebat,
septingentesimus, 2, sarn- he urged peace on me.
hundredth. sub, prep, with ace., to ;
prep.
sequor, pecutus, o^follo^v. with abl., binder.
sermo, -onis, m. 3, conversation, subito, suddenly.
sewio,^, scj-ve voluptati servit,; submitto, 3, bend.
is the slave of pleasure. subride6,-rTdI, -rlsum, 2, smile.
servitium, n. 2, slavery. subvenio, -veni, -ventum, 4,
servitiis, -tutis, f. 3, so-vice. help; amlds subvenit, lielps
servo, I, save. his friends.
sex, six. succurro, -currl, -cursum, 3,
si, if; si forte, on the chance run to help succurre patriae,
;

that. come to your country s help.

sic, so. sufFragium, n. 2, vote.
sicut, as. sura, am.
signum, n. 2, sign, signal. summa, f. i, total; summa im-
silentium, n. 2, silence. perl, supreme command.
sileo, silui, 2, he silejtt. sumraus, 1, topmost^ last. See
similis, 2, like ; comparison superus.
similior, simillimus; similis siimo, sfimpsl, sumptum, 3,
fratris or{x~\.\.x\, like his brother. take up.


VOCABULARY 63

supero, I, mrpass, cross over. turn, then.

supersum, remain over, sur- tumultus, m. 4, disturbance.
vive. turbo, 1 , throiu into confusion.
supplex, -plicis, 3, suppliant. liitus, 1, safe,

supra, adv. and prep., above. tuus, your, yours.

surgo, surrexT, surrectum, 3, tyrannis, (ace. -ida), Greek
arise. noun, tyranny.
suscipio, -ccpT, -ceptum, -i vb.,
take up. ubi, Tjhcn, roherc.
sustineo, -tiniil, 2, support. , ulciscor, ultus, i,avenge,punish.
suus, I, his oxvn, their own. ullus, any.
Syracusae, f. pi. i, Syracuse. ulterior, beyond; superlative
ultimus.
tabula, r, plate. ultro, of one s own accord.
taceo, 2, at) I silent. unquam, ever.
tacitus, \, silent, sullen. una, together.
talis, 2, such. undique, on all sides.
taradiu, so long. Cm us, one.
tamen, o>i the other hand. urbs, urbis, f. 3, city,
tandem, at length. usquam, anywhej-c.
tantum, ojily. usque, the whole way.
taiitus, I, so great. ut, conj. without change
; of
Tarpeius : rUipes Tarpeia, t'le mood, as, when ; with tlae
Tarpcian- rock. subjunctive mood, in order
Tarquiiiius, in. 2, 7'arquin. that, so that, that.
temere, thoughtlessly. ut, particle of exclamation,
tempestas, -talis, f. 3, season, how I

stonn. utinam, particle of exclamation,

templuin, n. 2, temple. used in wishes,
tempus, temporis, n. 3, time. iitor, usus, 3, use ; te amlco
ter, iliree times. usus sum, I have found you a
tergum, n. 2. hack. friend.
terra, f. i, earth. utrum, particle of interrogation ;
terreo, 2^ frighten. as in utrum me an tc petit,
:

testis, m. f., -i noun, ivitncss. does he xvant you or me ?

tester, I, call to tvitness. uxor, uxoris, f. 3, zuifc.
theatrum, n. 2, theatre.
Tiberis, m., noun, Tiber. -i vaco, I, have leisure; amicTs
timeo, timuT, 2, fear. , vaco, / find time for my
toloro, I, endure. friends.
tollo, sustull, sublatum, 3, lift. valde, much.
tot, so many. valeo, valuT, 2, be well; vale,
toties, so often. farewell.
transno, 1 , sivim across. valetudo, -dinis, f. 3, health.
tres, 2, three. vates, m. f., -i noun, prophet,
tribunus, m. 2, tribune. prophetess.
trux, 3, fierce. vel, or; vel . . . vel, cither . . .

XVi,yon. or.
tueor, tuitus, 2, ivatch, protect. vendo, -didi, -ditum, 3, sell.
64 VOCABULARY
veneror, i, respect^ worship. vmum, n. 2, wine.
veuia, f. i paj-don.
, vir, virT, m. 2, man, husband.
venio, veni, ventum, 4, come. vires, f. pi., -i noun, strength ;

venter, ventris, m. 3, belly. sing, vis, violence.

verber, verberis, n. 3, hlo-iV. virilis, 2, of a man.
verbum, n. 2, word. viriliter, in a manly way.
vereor, 2, fear. virtus, virtutis, f. 3, courage,
vero, hut. virtue.
verto, verlT, versum, 3, iiirti vis. See vires.
(trans, and intrans.). vita, f. I , life.
verum, but. vitium, n. 2, vice, weakness.
verus, I, trtie. vivo, vIxT, victum, 3, live.
vester, vestra, i yotir, yours.
,
vix, scarcely.
vestis, f., -i noun, garment. voco, I, call.
vetus, veteris, 3, old; super- vol 6, wish.
lative veterrimus. Volscens, adj. 3, of the Vol-
via, f. I, road. scians.
vicesimus, i, tzventieth. Volscus, m. I, a Volscian.
vicinus, i, neighbotiring. voluntas, -tatis, f. 3, inclina-
victor, -loris, m. 3, conqueror. tioji.

victoria, f. i, victory. vos, you.

victrix, victrlcis, f. 3, victorious. votum, n. 3, vow.
vidso, vidi, visum, 2, see\ vox, vocis, f. 3, voice.
middle, videor, seem. vulgus, n. 2 and 3, common
vigilo, I, ivatch. people.
viginti, indeclinable, twenty. vulnus, vulneris, n. 3, bloiu,
vincio, vTnxI, vinclum, 4, bind. wound.
vinco, vici, victum, 3, cotiquer. vultus, m. 4, countenance.

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

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