QUIZ

30 minutes

Answer all questions.

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Q1. a) Explain 85 percentile in data analysis of traffic volume

The 85th percentile speed is a widely used traffic statistical metric. It provides an
accurate estimatation of traffic conditions and helps identify poor road design and
unfitting speed limits. The 85th percentile speed is the pace adopted by resonable
people, in accordance with each road environment. We assume that most drivers
are prudent while trying to reach their destination as fast as possible. Also called
the operating speed, this paramer can be seen as the maximal safe speed for
travelling at a certain location. However, it should not be confused with the speed
limits indicated by road signs.

The speed at or below which 85% of all vehicles are observed to travel under free
flowing conditions past a nominated point.

b) List 3 type of applications of spot speed data in traffic management.

Determining existing traffic operations and evaluation of traffic control devices

Establishing roadway design elements

Assessing roadway safety questions

Measuring effectiveness of traffic control devices or traffic programs, including signs

and markings, traffic operational changes, and speed enforcement programs

Q2. Explain what is CBR value

The California bearing ratio (CBR) is a penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength
of natural ground, subgrades and basecourses beneath new carriageway construction. It was
developed by the California Department of Transportation before World War II.

Q3. a) What is Softening point of bitumen

The softening point is a test (usually called the ring-and-ball test) to determine the
temperatures at which an asphalt binder achieves a specified degree of viscosity. In the test, a
steel ball is placed on a disc of binder that is slowly heated until it becomes soft enough for the
ball to fall about 25 mm.

b) The softening point of bitumen is 47 oC, how this result is applied into real
practice application.

determination of softening point helps to know the temperature up to which a

bituminous binder should be heated for various road use applications.
Q4. a) Describe clearly the objective of penetration test of bitumen

Penetration value is a measure of hardness or consistency of bituminous material.

It is the vertical distance traversed or penetrated by the point of a standard needle
in to the bituminous material under specific conditions of load, time and
temperature. This distance is measured in one tenths of a millimeter. This test is
used for evaluating consistency of bitumen. It is not regarded as suitable for use in
connection with the testing of road tar because of the high surface tension exhibited
by these materials.

b) Bitumen has a grade of 60/70, what does it mean ?

the penetration caused by standard Condition i.e.

Standard Weight= 100 gm
Standard temp. = 25 Degree C.
Standard penetration time = 5 Seconds
Unis = 10th of mm to show the results and avoiding Errors
e.g. if the value is 60/70, the 60/70 is the bitumen
penetration value (tested in standard condition) lies
between 6 to 7 mm

Q5. a) Explain the objectives of Flakiness and Elongation index tests.

This test is used to determine the particle shape of the aggregate and each particle shape
being preferred under specific conditions

b) Explain why these two test dont use aggregate passing 6.3 mm and
retained at 50 mm.

The aggregate would have been too small and unsuitable for pavement works

Q6. a) Aggregate Impact Value of the selected aggregate this requirement should be
less than 30, why

this requirement is implemented by code of practice.

The higher the AIV the weaker the aggregates

Aggregate Impact Value Classification

<20% Extremely strong
10 20% Strong
20-30% Acceptable for road surfacing
>35% Not suitable and weak for road surfacing

b) Show the procedure to do this AIV test.

1. Sieve the aggregate and obtain the portion passing 12.5mm and retained on 10mm sieve.
2. Wash and dry this aggregate at a constant temperature of 1050C to 1100C and then cool the
sample.
3. Fill this aggregate in the cylindrical measure in 3 layers, tapping each layers 25 times with
the tamping rod. Level the surface tamping road as a using the straight edge.
4. Weight the aggregate in the measure. This weight of the aggregate is used for the duplicate
test on the same material.
5. Transfer the aggregate from the cylindrical measure to the cup in 3 layers and compact each
layer by tamping in 25 strokes with the tamping rod.
6. Release the hammer for fall freely on the aggregate. The test sample is subjected to a total
of 15 blows.
7. Remove the aggregate sample from the cup and sieve through 2.36 mm sieve .
8. Weight the fraction passing the sieve.