LAPORAN

PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II

JUDUL PERCOBAAN
JEMBATAN WHEATSTONE

OLEH :
NAMA :
NIM :
JURUSAN :
HARI / TANGGAL :
KELOMPOK :
ASISTEN :

LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
2013 / 2014
 III. JEMBATAN WHEATSTONE

3.1. TUJUAN PERCOBAAN

1. Mengukur besar hambatan, kapasitas dan membuktikan hukum hubungan seri dan
parallel.
2. Menentukan hambatan jenis suatu kawat penghantar.

3.2 ALAT DAN BAHAN

1. Kawat geser (L).
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2. Hambatan, kapasitor dan kawat penghantar.
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3. Galvanometer (G).
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4. Catu daya arus searah.
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3.3. DASAR TEORI

Jembatan Wheatstone adalah rangkaian yang terdiri atas empat buah hambatan
seperti terlihat pada Gambar 1. berikut:

Gambar 1. Skema Jembatan Wheatstone

R1, R2 dan R3 merupakan hambatan-hambatan yang sudah diketahui harganya, sedangkan

Rx besar hambatan yang akan dicari. Pada keadaan galvanometer (G) menunjukkan
angka nol, berlaku hubungan:

R1
Rx R3 ..................................................... (1)
R2
Jika Rx diganti dengan Cx dan R3 diganti dengan C3, maka diperoleh hubungan:

R1
C x C3 ..................................................... (2)
R2
Dalam percobaan, harga R1 dan R2 sebanding dengan l1 dan l2 (lihat Gambar 2),
sedangkan R3 dan C3 diganti dengan hambatan standard RS dan kapasitor standard CS,
sehingga persamaan (1) menjadi:

l1
Rx Rs ..................................................... (1)
l2
Sedangkan persamaan (2) menjadi:

l1
C x Cs ..................................................... (2)
l2
Untuk menentukan hambatan jenis suatu kawat penghantar, digunakan persamaan:
L
R ..................................................... (5)
A
dengan : Praktikum Fisika Dasar II TA. 2013/2014
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 R = hambatan kawat
L = Panjang kawat
A = Luas penampang kawat
= Hambatan jenis kawat

Gambar 2. Rangkaian Jembatan Wheatstone

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2.4. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN
A. Mengukur Besar Hambatan.
1. Susunlah rangkaian percobaan seperti Gambar 2.
2. Atur kontak geser K sehingga galvanometer menunjukkan angka nol.
3. Catat panjang l1 dan l2.
4. Ganti Rx dengan Ry dan lakukan langkah 2. dan 3. Ulangi untuk Rx dan Ry yang
dihubungkan secara seri dan paralel.
5. Lakukan masing-masing minimal 3 kali.

B. Menentukan Hambatan Jenis Kawat Penghantar.

1. Dari Gambar 2, ganti Rx dengan kawat penghantar.
2. Catat panjang dan diameter kawat penghantar.
3. Lakukan seperti prosedur kerja A.2. dan A.3. untuk panjang kawat yang berbeda-
beda. (Sekurang-kurangnya 3 panjang kawat).

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3.5. TUGAS PENDAHULUAN
1. Jelaskan cara lain untuk mengukur hambatan.
2. Buktikan persamaan (1), (2), (3) dan (4).
3. a. Apakah syarat agar R1 dan R2 sebanding dengan I1 dan I2.
b. Bagaimana pengaruh pengukuran jika kawat geser tidak homogen.
4. Apakah satuan hambatan jenis (satuan SI).
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a. DATA HASIL PENGAMATAN
A. Mengukur Besar Hambatan (RX)
E RS l1 (cm) l2 (cm)
No.
(volt) (Ohm) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
1.
2.
3.

B. Menentukan Hambatan Jenis Kawat Penghantar ()

No. E R P D L1 L2
(volt) (ohm) (besi) (besi)
1 2 1 2
1.

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3.7. PENGOLAHAN DATA
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3.8. ANALISA
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3.9. TUGAS AKHIR
1. a. Hitung besar Rx, Ry dan hambatan pengganti Rx dan Ry yang dihubungkan secara
seri dan paralel.
b. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, tentukan hukum hubungan seri dan paralel pada
hambatan.
2. a. Hitung hambatan jenis kawat penghantar dari grafik antara R terhadap panjang
kawat.
b. Dengan melihat literatur, tentukan jenis bahan kawat penghantar tersebut.
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2.10. KESIMPULAN
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LAMPIRAN GAMBAR

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