Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

Cancer is a Man-Made Disease: An Annotated Bibliography

Alteri, Rick, Afsaneh Barzi, Tracie Bertaut, Durado Brooks, Willaim Chambers, Ellen

Chang, Carol DeSantis, Jacqui Drope, Jeffrey Drope, Stacey Fedewa, Rachel

Freedman, Ted Gansler, Susan Gapstur, Mia Gaudet, Ann Goding-Sauer, Anna

Howard, Eric Jacobs, Christopher Johnson, TJ Koerner, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent,

Melissa Maitan_shepard, Anthony Piercy, Ken Portier, Cheri Richard, Lauren

Rosenthal, Debbie Saslow, Scott Simpson, Kristen Sloan, Robert Smith, Kevin

Stein, Michal Stoklosa, Lauren Teras, Lindsey Torre, Dana Wagner, Sophia Wang,

Elizabeth Ward, Martin Weinstock, and Joe Zou. "Cancer Facts & Figures 2017."

American Cancer Society (2017): 1-71. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.

This journal article discusses many issues and provides answers to many

questions. It explains what cancer is in detail, how you can get cancer,

ways we can prevent the disease, and statistics on cancer such as how

many people in the U.S. are projected to have cancer in 2017. This article

also discusses progress that has been made against cancer and its

treatment.
Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

This article will allow me to explain cancer to my audience and go into

detail about acquiring cancer. I will also be able to provide more statistics

on the disease such as how many people are expected to have cancer in

2017, which is shocking, and why we need to take measures to prevent the

disease before it increases even more.

Booth, Frank W., Scott E. Gordon, Christian J. Carlson, and Marc T. Hamilton. "Waging

war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology."

Journal of Applied Physiology. American Physiological Society, 01 Feb. 2000.

Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article discusses the health care costs among patients with chronic

diseases in the 20th century and the approaches one could take to avert this

crisis. The author considers different methods of creating a healthy society

such as reintroducing exercise to avoid the steady increase in chronic

diseases.
Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

This article will allow me to discuss how physical inactivity in modern

society is contributing to diseases. Having an unhealthy lifestyle leads to

dozens of chronic diseases which can be prevented with efforts.

Booth, Frank W., Scott E. Gordon, Christian J. Carlson, and Marc T. Hamilton. "Waging

war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology."

Journal of Applied Physiology. American Physiological Society, 01 Feb. 2000.

Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article discusses the health care costs among patients with chronic

diseases in the 20th century and the approaches one could take to avert this

crisis. The author considers different methods of creating a healthy society

such as reintroducing exercise to avoid the steady increase in chronic

diseases.

This article will allow me to discuss how physical inactivity in modern

society is contributing to diseases. Having an unhealthy lifestyle leads to

dozens of chronic diseases which can be prevented with efforts.

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

Harris, Jeffrey R., Pamela K. Brown, Coughlin Steven, Katherine Wilson, Maria E.

Fernandez, James R. Hebert, Jon Kerner, Marianne Prout, Randy Schwartz,

Eduardo J. Simoes, and Carol White. "The Cancer Prevention and Control

Research Network." Preventing Chronic Disease. Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, 15 Dec. 2004. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.

This article discusses how it is possible to prevent cancer in modern

society through many interventions and practices. The primary preventions

of cancer are through healthy eating, physical activity, sun avoidance,

tobacco control, and early detection of cancer through screening. Cancer

is the second leading cause of death in the United States as well as the

basis for every one of four deaths. The rate of cancer and deaths will only

rise unless information is provided to the public on how to prevent this

disease through better lifestyle choices and in hopes individuals will

mimic these changes and therefore slowly decrease the rate of cancer

among the United States.

This article gives me examples on how it is possible to turn around the

rising rate of cancer and deaths in the United States. There are many
Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

avenues we as a nation can take together to potentially reverse the

prevalence of cancer through major lifestyle changes that are feasible.

Heyes, J. D. "CONFIRMED: Cancer is entirely a man-made disease." NaturalNews.

Natural News, 04 May 2016. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.

This article is also about cancer being a man-made disease. Discussed is

how researches came to this assumption by analyzing the remains and

literature from ancient Greece and Egypt. The study they completed shows

that only one incident of cancer in Egyptian mummies was found out of

hundreds examined. They also discovered through ancient literature that

there were very few references to the disease, indicating that cancer was

particularly rare.

This article will assist my argument in proving that cancer is man-made. I

will be more able to back up my argument with more information

regarding studies of ancient cancer and cancer in modern society. In a

civilization lacking advanced technology and surgical intervention, cancer

should have been more evident and remain in al cases studied.

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

Li, Ying, Huan Yang, and Jia Cao. "Association between Alcohol Consumption and

Cancers in the Chinese PopulationA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis."

PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science, 15 Apr. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article is a study between alcohol consumption and cancer in the

Chinese population. It discusses how alcohol consumption is associated

with numerous cancers and how alcohol plays a role in cancer.

This article will help me discuss another unhealthy lifestyle habit that

contributes to cancer that we can prevent, drinking alcohol. Eating

unhealthy and avoiding exercise arent the only unhealthy lifestyle

patterns that contribute to cancer and chronic diseases. This article

provides statistics and studies performed to furthermore prove that alcohol

intake can lead to an increase risk of getting cancer.

Ligibel, Jennifer A., Catherine M. Alfano, Kerry S. Courneya, Wendy Denmark-

Wahnefreid, Robert A. Burger, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Carol J. Fabian, Acya

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

Gucalp, Dawn L. Hershman, Melissa M. Hudson, Lee W. Jones, Madhuri

Kakarala, Kirsten K. Ness, Janette K. Merill, Dana S. Wollins, and Clifford A.

Hudis. "American Society of Clinical Oncology Position Statement on Obesity

and Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nov.

2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article discussed the correlation between obesity and cancer and how

obesity is a major unrecognized risk factor for cancer. Also conversed is

the prevalence of obesity in the United Sates with more than 72 million

adults and 13% of children and adolescents categorized as obese. Obesity

is rapidly surpassing tobacco as the leading preventable cause of cancer.

This article will allow me to provide major details on how an unhealthy

lifestyle and diet can contribute to the rising numbers in cancer and supply

the shocking statistics of obesity in the United States. The fact that over

1/3 of Americans are categorized as obese is absurd and we as a

population need to get a grasp on how to fix this global crisis and

individually work on our health to avoid diseases like cancer.

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

McCormack, V. A., and P. Boffetta. "Today's lifestyles, tomorrow's cancers: trends in

lifestyle risk factors for cancer in low- and middle-income countries." Annals of

Oncology. Oxford University Press, 04 Mar. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article discusses the incidence of cancer and how it is projected to be

over 21.4 million cases by 2030 due to demographic changes alone.

Lifestyle risk factors are harder to change in low- and middle-income

countries and further influence the burden of cancer. Also mentioned is

examples of evolving distributions of lifestyle risk factors for cancer in

selected large populations in transition to gauge their impact on cancer

rates in near decades to come.

This article will allow me to provide further statistics on the burden of

cancer and how demographic changes affect this burden. I will be able to

discuss specific demographics which lead to an increase risk of cancer and

possible changes we can make to prevent this.

"Scientists suggest that cancer is man-made." Scientists suggest that cancer is man-made.

University of Manchester, 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

This article suggests through research that cancer in

todays society is a man-made disease. The scientists

propose this conclusion by studying the prevalence of

cancer in todays society along with environmental factors

such as pollution and diet. The rate of cancer has

increased drastically since the Industrial Revolution, in

particular childhood cancer proving that the rise is not

simply due to people living longer. There is nothing in the

natural environment to cause cancer, so studies are slowly

proving that the causes to this disease come down to

pollution, diet, and lifestyle.

This article is the main reason I chose this topic. To think

that about 1.5 million people are diagnosed a year with

cancer and over half a million die a year from this disease

when it can be mostly prevented amazes me. The many

things we do to our environment and bodies have

exceptional consequences to our health.

Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017

Weir, Hannah K., Robert N. Anderson, Sallyann M. Coleman King, Ashwini Soman,

Trevor D. Thompson, Yuling Hong, Bjorn Moller, and Steven Leadbetter. "Heart

Disease and Cancer Deaths Trends and Projections in the United States, 1969

2020." Preventing Chronic Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,

17 Nov. 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2017.

This article discusses heart disease and cancer as the first and second

leading causes of death in the United States. The authors discusses how

these diseases are correlated with population risk, growth, and aging. The

authors also mentioned that cancer is currently projected to be the leading

cause of death by 2020.

This article will allow me to provide trends in death rates to my readers

and inform them on how many individuals are dying because of this

disease that we can take measures to prevent. Cancer will soon be the

leading cause of death in America. I will also be able to provide more

statistics on specific cancers such as lung cancer and how deaths related to

lung cancer have started to decline as a result of reduced smoking

prevalence.
Megan Brown

Professor Sibson

English 231C

20 March 2017