B.E.

(Electrical Engineering (Electronics & Power) (Old) / Power Engineering) Eighth Semester
Switchgear & Protection
P. Pages : 2 TKN/KS/16/2419/2538
Time : Three Hours *0454* Max. Marks : 80
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Notes : 1. Answer three questions from Section A and three questions from Section B.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule and Non-programmable calculator is permitted.

SECTION A
1. a) Explain primary protection & Back-up protection. Draw necessary diagram. Explain types 8
of Back up protection.

b) Describe the essential features of a protective relay. 6

2. a) Design protection scheme for following. 13

Bus Bus Bus
G A B C

F.L. Current 600A 400A 200A

Max. Fault 6000A 4000A 2000A
Current
Min. Fault 5000A 3000A 1000A
Current
CT. Ratio 400/5 200/5 200/5
0.14 TMS
Operating time of IDMT characteristic can be written as top
PSM 0.02 1

3. a) Show the protection scheme of parallel feeders. Give the selection of relay with 6
justification.

b) What do you mean by TSM and PSM ? 7

The rating of an O/C relay is 5A
Assume : PSM=2 ; TSM= 0.3 ; CT ratio = 400/5 Fault current = 4000A.
Determine the operating time of the relay. At TSM = 1, operating times at various PSM are.
PSM: 2 4 5 8 10 20
'top' in sec : 10 5 4 3 2.8 2.4

4. a) Compare different types of distance relays & show their operating characteristics on R-X 6
diagram.

b) A line section has an impedance of 2.8+j5 ohms. Show this on R-X diagram as impedance 7
vector. If the arcing short circuit occurs having an impedance of (1.5+j0) ohms any where
along the line, find for each type of distance relay, the maximum portion of the line that can
be protected.

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5. Write short notes on any two.
a) Induction cup relay. 6
b) Directional O/C relay 7

SECTION B

6. a) Draw differential protection scheme to protect delta-star transformer. Show operation & 7
non-operation of relay.

b) In percentage differential protection scheme of an alternator the relay has slope of 10%. The 7
high resistance ground fault occurs near the grounded neutral end. As a result the current
flowing at each end are (304+j0) Amp and (320+j0) Amp. Assume CT ratio of 400/5:
i) Find whether the relay trips the C.B.
ii) If alternator C. B. is open, find whether the relay operate.

7. a) Explain protection scheme for protection of alternator for: 6

i) Stator inter-turn fault.
ii) Restricted earth fault.

b) A 5MVA, 6.6KV star connected alternator has a synchronous reactance of 2ohm/phase and 7
resistance of 0.5/phase. It is protected by a Merz-price balanced current system which
operates when out of balance current exceeds 30% of load current. Determine what portion
of alternator winding is unprotected if star point is earthed through a resistor of 6.5.

8. a) Explain duality between amplitude & phase comparator. 6

b) Explain, how to obtain mho relay characteristics using phase comparator. 7

9. a) Explain in brief the recovery rate & energy balance theory applicable to current zero 6
interruption.

b) In a 132KV system, the inductance & capacitance upto the location of C.B. are 0.4H and 7
0.015 f respectively:
Determine:
i) The maximum value of restriking voltage.
ii) The maximum value of RRRV and
iii) The frequency of transient oscillation.

10. Write short notes on.

a) Buchholz relay. 7

b) SF6 Circuit Breaker. 6

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