General Points

1) Benzene is considered as the parent and

comes last in the name.
Substituted Derivatives of Benzene
and Their Nomenclature

Examples General Points

1) Benzene is considered as the parent and

Br C(CH3)3 NO2 comes last in the name.
2) List substituents in alphabetical order

3) Number ring in direction that gives lowest

substituent at first point of difference

Bromobenzene tert-
tert-Butylbenzene Nitrobenzene

Substituents are listed in alphabetical order Example

Cl

Br

2-bromo
2-bromo-1-
-1-chloro
chloro-4-
-4-fluoro
fluorobenzene
benzene
 Ortho, Meta, and Para

alternative locants for disubstituted

derivatives of benzene

1,2 = ortho 1,3 = meta 1,4 = para

(abbreviated o-) (abbreviated m-) (abbreviated p-)

Examples

NO2 Cl
CH2CH3

Cl

o-ethylnitrobenzene m-dichlorobenzene
(1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene) (1,3-dichlorobenzene)

Unique Names Unique Names

Certain monosubstituted derivatives of benzene

have unique names O

CH

Benzaldehyde
Unique Names Unique Names

COH CH CH2

Benzoic acid Styrene

Unique Names Unique Names

CCH3 OH

Acetophenone Phenol

Unique Names Unique Names

OCH3 NH2

Anisole Aniline
 Using Unique Names
More Unique Naming Features
OCH3 OCH3

NO2
Anisole p-Nitroanisole
or
4-Nitroanisole
4-Nitroanisole

The unique substituent is given the 1-position; the Easily confused names
ring is numbered in the direction that yields the lowest
possible number

OH CH2

phenyl phenol benzyl

Examples of Substituted Benzenes

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

 Naphthalene Anthracene and Phenanthrene

resonance energy = 255 kJ/mol

Anthracene Phenanthrene

most stable Lewis structure; resonance energy:

both rings correspond to 347 kJ/mol
kJ/mol 381 kJ/mol
kJ/mol
Kekul
Kekul benzene

Physical Properties

Resemble other hydrocarbons

nonpolar
Physical Properties of Arenes insoluble in water
less dense than water