Anda di halaman 1dari 2

SCIENCE NCFE STUDY CHEAT SHEET

Plants
In order for a plant to reproduce, pollen must grow in the anther. Bees, wind, rain, etc
will then move pollen from the anther to the stigma of another plant during pollination.
After a plant has been pollinated it will begin fertilization. Pollen grains will germinate
and grow down the style until reaching the ovary. Seeds will then be fertilized and the
carpel will grow into a fruit to protect the seeds. Animals, wind, etc will disperse the
seeds which will form new plants.
Photosynthesis is a process in which plants make their own food called glucose. It
takes place in the chlorophyll where it traps light energy and uses carbon dioxide and
water to make sugar. Plants give off the oxygen as waste through transpiration (tiny
pores in the leaves called stomata)
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells store and make ATP which is energy
they need to function. Cells use oxygen combined with glucose to form ATP, then
releases carbon dioxide and water as waste. This all takes place in the mitochondria
of a cell.
Dormancy is a period in which a plant stops growing until the right conditions are
present.
Tropism is a plants response to a stimulus such as when a building gets in the way a
plant will turn to face the light source

Matter
ALL matter has a mass and volume
Atom is the smallest form of matter and can NOT been seen even with a microscope
Elements are made up of all the same kind of atoms (ex. Carbon element is made up
of ONLY carbon atoms)
Independent properties of matter do NOT depend on the amount of matter within them
(THEY WILL ALWAYS STAY THE SAME) Density, melting point, boiling point,
freezing point, solubility
Dependent properties WILL CHANGE based on the amount of matter. Mass, volume

Space and Earth


Earth is the only planet that has oxygen therefore is the only planet with a breathable
atmosphere.
Earths rotation is what causes day and night to occur and it takes one day
Earths revolution and the tilt of the Earth on its axis is what causes the different
seasons and it takes one year.
The gravitational pull of the moon is what causes our oceans to have tides
We only see one side of the moon because it rotates and revolves at the same speed.
We are able to see the moon because of the sunlight being reflected off of the moon
During a new moon the moon is between the sun and Earth therefore we can see
NONE of the moon
Waxing occurs after a new moon and is when the moon appears to be GROWING
Waning occurs after a full moon and is when the moon appears to be SHRINKING
Convection currents inside the mantle cause the movements of tectonic plates (very
little movement, less than a cm a year)
Crust is what you walk on, rigid rocky layer very thin
Mantle is divided into two parts, lithosphere which is the upper mantle and includes
part of the crust (is divided into tectonic plates) and the asthenosphere which is the
magma layer.
Core is divided into two parts, inner core which is solid nickel and iron and outer core
which is liquid iron and nickel (IT IS VERY HOT AND CAUSES THE CONVECTION
CURRENTS)
Convergent boundary is when two plates collide (push into each other) they cause
mountains to form of if when plate is subducted under the other plate it can cause a
volcano.
Divergent boundary is when two plates dive away from each other, they cause
underwater mountains (mid-ocean ridges) when two oceanic crusts diverge.
Transform boundaries are when two plates slide past each other, they cause
earthquakes to occur along the FAULT line (where two plate connect)

Ecosystems
Producers also known as plants get their energy from the sun, consumers eat the
producers and then decomposer break down dead organisms and put nutrients back
into the soil.
10% of energy gets transferred throughout a food chain or food web.
There are biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors that affect the survival in
ecosystems, these are called limiting factors.

Waves
Properties of a transverse wave include crest (highest point of wave), trough (lowest
point of wave), amplitude (height of the wave from resting point), wavelength (distance
between two of the SAME point on a wave) LIGHT WAVES, and WATER WAVES are
examples of transverse waves.
Properties of a longitudinal wave are compressions (where wave particles are CLOSE
together), rarefactions (where wave particles are FAR apart), and wavelength SOUND
WAVES are an example of a longitudinal wave.
ALL ENERGY TRAVELS THROUGH WAVES WHICH ARE VIBRATIONS!
Light waves are electromagnetic, visible light is the only electromagnetic wave we can
see (we see objects because light REFLECTS off of an object and enters our eye.
The different wavelengths of of light are shown as different colors.
Sound travels fastest from a solid (in a solid the particles are all touching so they will
vibrate faster)
Seismic waves are caused by an earthquake

Anda mungkin juga menyukai