Plants
In order for a plant to reproduce, pollen must grow in the anther. Bees, wind, rain, etc
will then move pollen from the anther to the stigma of another plant during pollination.
After a plant has been pollinated it will begin fertilization. Pollen grains will germinate
and grow down the style until reaching the ovary. Seeds will then be fertilized and the
carpel will grow into a fruit to protect the seeds. Animals, wind, etc will disperse the
seeds which will form new plants.
Photosynthesis is a process in which plants make their own food called glucose. It
takes place in the chlorophyll where it traps light energy and uses carbon dioxide and
water to make sugar. Plants give off the oxygen as waste through transpiration (tiny
pores in the leaves called stomata)
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells store and make ATP which is energy
they need to function. Cells use oxygen combined with glucose to form ATP, then
releases carbon dioxide and water as waste. This all takes place in the mitochondria
of a cell.
Dormancy is a period in which a plant stops growing until the right conditions are
present.
Tropism is a plants response to a stimulus such as when a building gets in the way a
plant will turn to face the light source
Matter
ALL matter has a mass and volume
Atom is the smallest form of matter and can NOT been seen even with a microscope
Elements are made up of all the same kind of atoms (ex. Carbon element is made up
of ONLY carbon atoms)
Independent properties of matter do NOT depend on the amount of matter within them
(THEY WILL ALWAYS STAY THE SAME) Density, melting point, boiling point,
freezing point, solubility
Dependent properties WILL CHANGE based on the amount of matter. Mass, volume
Ecosystems
Producers also known as plants get their energy from the sun, consumers eat the
producers and then decomposer break down dead organisms and put nutrients back
into the soil.
10% of energy gets transferred throughout a food chain or food web.
There are biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors that affect the survival in
ecosystems, these are called limiting factors.
Waves
Properties of a transverse wave include crest (highest point of wave), trough (lowest
point of wave), amplitude (height of the wave from resting point), wavelength (distance
between two of the SAME point on a wave) LIGHT WAVES, and WATER WAVES are
examples of transverse waves.
Properties of a longitudinal wave are compressions (where wave particles are CLOSE
together), rarefactions (where wave particles are FAR apart), and wavelength SOUND
WAVES are an example of a longitudinal wave.
ALL ENERGY TRAVELS THROUGH WAVES WHICH ARE VIBRATIONS!
Light waves are electromagnetic, visible light is the only electromagnetic wave we can
see (we see objects because light REFLECTS off of an object and enters our eye.
The different wavelengths of of light are shown as different colors.
Sound travels fastest from a solid (in a solid the particles are all touching so they will
vibrate faster)
Seismic waves are caused by an earthquake