FISIKA DASAR

By: Mohammad Faizun, S.T., M.Eng.

Head of Manufacture System Laboratory
Mechanical Engineering Department
Universitas Islam Indonesia
1. QUANTITY (besaran) and UNITS (satuan)

From the picture below you can exactly say that line B is
longer than line A. Paper D is narrower than paper C.
A
C D

Length and Area are two examples of quantity. Quantity is the

properties of matter which can be measured.

Everything which can

be MEASURED is
quantity.
Fill in the empty cell on the table below!

No Phenomena Can be measured? How? Is it quantity?

1 Time
2 Age
3 Mass
4 Temperature
5 Emotion
6 Color
7 Length
8 Line
9 Bright
10 Love

Everything that can be

COUNTED is quantity. Is What is the difference
this statement true? Why? between COUNTING
(menghitung) and
MEASURING (mengukur)?
 We can differentiate two things or more by comparing
their quantities for example: longer, narrower, lighter,
colder, etc. But you still confused unless you tell exactly
how big the quantities. So we need units.
For example:
1. 12 cm, 30 feet, 120 km. cm, feet, and km are
examples of units for length quantity.
2. 12 gram, 30 pounds, 2 ton. Gram, pound, and
ton are examples of units for mass quantity.
3. 5 second, second is an example of units for
time.
Quantity
without units is
worthless.
 Determine the quantity and the units in each information
below if possible!
1. Ruddy is 1.75 meters tall.
2. Mr. Anton has five cars.
3. The mass of the book is 1 kg.
4. We need 4 litres of water a day.
5. I will stay here a month.
6. The speed of the car is 100 km/h.
QUANTITY
UNITS
(besaran)
(satuan)

MEASUREMENT
(Pengukuran)
Satuan adalah nilai
tertentu yang
disepakati dari suatu
besaran.
Pengukuran:
membandingkan nilai
RESULT besaran dengan
Value + unit satuannya.
6 cm
 There are two kinds of units: SI (Systme International) units and non SI
units.
SI units is Internationally accepted, means all people in all countries know
that units.

Non SI Units
mks
Units
SI Units cgs
(gaussian)

SI
No Quantity Non SI
mks cgs
1 Length meter centimeter inchi, feet, mil
2 Mass kilogram gram pound, ton, ons
3 Time second second second
4 Volume m3 cm3 liter, galon
5 Density kg/m3 g/cm3 kg/l, g/l, pound/l
 SI
No Quantity Non SI
mks cgs
1 Length meter centimeter inchi, feet, mil
2 Mass kilogram gram pound, ton, ons
3 Time second second second
4 Volume m3 cm3 liter, galon
5 Density kg/m3 g/cm3 kg/l, g/l, pound/l
 Its suggested to always use SI units.
How are those SI units defined?
 one meter

In October 1983, the meter (1 m) was redefined as the

distance traveled by light in vacuum during a time of 1/299
792 458 second. In effect, this latest definition establishes
that the speed of light in vacuum is precisely 299 792 458 m
per second. One meter that we use today is same with the
definition. We use roll meter for example to measure length
of the wood bar or others.
 one kilogram
Mass is amount of matter in an object. To get better understanding please
compare two cans filled in with different amount of marbles. Guess which
can has more weight!

A
B

Can A has marbles less than can B, 8 less than 16, right? So, can A has
smaller mass than can B. The basic SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg), is
defined as the mass of a specific platinumiridium alloy cylinder kept at
the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Svres, France. This
mass standard was established in 1887 and has not been changed since
that time because platinumiridium is an unusually stable alloy (Fig. 1.5).
We use arm balance to measure mass of something.
 One Kilogram Standard Arm Balance

Benarkah neraca pegas bisa dipakai untuk menghitung massa sebuah

benda dimana saja? Jelaskan alasannya!
 one second

The basic SI unit of time, the second (s), is defined as 9,192,

631,770 times the period of vibration of radiation from the
cesium-133 atom.
 In addition to the basic SI units of meter, kilogram, and
second, we can also use other units, such as millimeters and
nanoseconds, where the prefixes milli- and nano- denote
various powers of ten.
 2. BASIC QUANTITIES (besaran pokok) and ITS
DERIVATION (besaran turunan)
Fundamentals or basic quantities is now believed as quantities that not
derived from other quantities. Even they form other quantities.

NO Quantity SI Units Symbol Dimensions Non SI

1 Mass kilogram kg [M] Pound, ons, etc
2 Length meter m [L] Inchi, feet
3 Time second s [T]
4 Electric Current ampere A [I]
5 Temperature kelvin K [] Rankine, Fahrenheit
6 Luminous Intensity candela cd [Cd]
7 Amount of Substance mole mole [mole]
8 Angle 2D radian rad
9 Angle 3D steradian sr
 Besaran turunan
Besaran turunan adalah besaran yang terbentuk dari besaran-
besaran pokok.
Contoh: Luas panjang x panjang,
Volume panjang x panjang x panjang
Berat massa x panjang x waktu-2

10 cm

Volume: 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm.
: 1000 cm3.

10 cm 10 cm
Contoh besaran turunan
 SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

Basic

Quantities
scalar
derivative

vector

Scalar quantity is one that has only value but no direction.

Example: mass, length, time. All basic quantities are scalar quantities.
Vector quantity is one that has both value and direction.
Example: force, velocity, pressure, etc.
See figure below!

A. You know that the volume of cylinder is 1 liter. If you asked

where is the direction of that volume you will not be able to
answer, because volume doesnt have direction. So, volume is
scalar quantities.
B shows that the velocity of the block is 10 m/s and the direction
is rightward. Having velocity without direction is impossible.

v = 10m/s

1L

B
A
QUESTIONS
1. What is the definitions of quantity?
2. Please fill in the table below!

No TERM Quantity? True or Not True

a Mass Yes
b Volume Yes
c Area No
d Weight Yes
e Atoms number Yes
f Force Yes
g Height Yes
h Color No
i Taste Yes
j Sound volume No
3. Is it true that quantity has two kinds, SI and non SI?
4. Suppose that two quantities A and B have different
dimensions. Determine which of the following arithmetic
operations could be physically meaningful: (a) A-B (b) A/B (c)
B+A (d) AB.
5. What are use of units?
6. Mention the differences between basic units and derived
units!
7. Why are units very important for us?
8. Fill in the table below.
 No UNITS SI or Non SI mks or cgs
a mil
b km
c cm3
d gram
e ons
f decigram
g second
h milisecond
i yard
j liter

No QUANTITIES Basic or Not Units Scalar or Vector

a Length
b Mass
c Density
d Force
e Electric Charge
f Flowrate of Water
g Velocity
h Energy
i Power
j Year
 3. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
The word dimension has a special meaning in physics. It
usually denotes the physical nature of a quantity. Whether a
distance is measured in the length unit feet or the length unit
meters, it is still.
For example we will find the dimension for volume (V).

V length width thickness

m3 m m m
= [L] x [L] x [L}
= [L]3

So the dimension of volume is [L]3.

No Quantity Units Dimension

1 Area m2 [L]2
2 Speed m/s [L][T]-1
3 Acceleration m/s2 [L][T]-2
4 Density kg/m3 [M][L]-3
5 Force kg m/s2 [M][L][T]-1
Example
Suppose we are told that the acceleration a of a particle
moving with uniform speed v in a circle of radius r is
proportional to some power of r, say rn, and some power of v,
say vm. How can we determine the values of n and m?

Solution
Let us take a to be a kr n v m
where k is a dimensionless constant of proportionality.
Knowing the dimensions of a, r, and v, we see that the
dimensional equation must be
L n L m
L( )
T2 T
L Ln m
T2 Tm
This dimensional equation is balanced under the
conditions
n+m=1 m=2
So, n = -1

Then we can write the acceleration expression as

a kr n v m
1
a k r v2
v2
a k (in the next discussion about uniform circular
r motion we will see this formula)
Exercise:

Please find the dimension of:

a. Gravity (g) f. electrical force.

b. Heat energy g. Power
c. Pressure h. Electrical charge
d. Electrical resistance i. Capacitance of Capacitor
e. Spring constant (k) j. electron mass.
 About the Author
Name : Mohammad Faizun, S.T., M.Eng.
Education : B.Eng., Gadjah Mada University (2003-2007)
: M.Eng., University of Malaya (2009-2011).
Job : a. Production Engineer, Bekaert Stanwick (2007-
2009)
b. Head of Manufacture System Laboratory,
Islamic University of Indonesia (2011- now)
c. Lecturer at Mechanical Engineering Dep. Islamic
University of Indonesia (2011- now)
Expertise : Robotics, Electronics, Microcontroller, PLC,
Computer Vision and Image Processing, and C++
Programming.