REFERAT

REFRAKSI

DISUSUN OLEH

Anggi Wulandari
030.11.030

PEMBIMBING

dr. Azrina Noor, Sp.M

KEPANITERAAN KLINIK ILMU KESEHATAN MATA

RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH BUDHI ASIH
PERIODE 3 April - 6 Mei 2017
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
JAKARTA

DAFTAR ISI
BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................1
BAB II PEMBAHASAN.................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Anatomi Media Refraksi..............................................................................2
2.1.1 Kornea..............................................................................................2
2.1.2 Aqueous Humor...............................................................................4
2.1.3 Lensa................................................................................................5
2.1.4 Viterous Humor................................................................................6
2.2 Fisiologi Penglihatan....................................................................................7
2.2.1 Mekanisme Penglihatan...................................................................7
2.2.2 Tajam Penglihatan............................................................................7
2.2.3 Refraksi............................................................................................9
2.2.4 Akomodasi.......................................................................................9
2.3 Pemeriksaan Kelainan Refraksi...................................................................10
2.3.1 Pemeriksaan Visus Mata...................................................................10
2.3.2 Pemeriksaan Penunjang Refraksi......................................................10
2.3.2.1 Uji Pinhole...........................................................................11
2.3.2.2 Placido (Keratoskop)...........................................................11
2.3.2.3 Retinoskopi..........................................................................12
2.3.3.4 kertometri ............................................................................ 16
2.3.2.5 USG .................................................................................... 17
2.3.2.6 Retinometri ......................................................................... 17
2.4 Kelainan Refaksi..........................................................................................19
2.4.1 Miopia..............................................................................................19
2.4.2 Hipermetropia..................................................................................21
2.4.3 Astigmatisme....................................................................................22
2.4.4. Presbiopia.........................................................................................24
2.4.5 Ambliopia.........................................................................................25
2.4.6 Anisometropia ...................................................................................31
2.5 Pengobatan ........................................................................................................37
Lensa Kontak ..........................................................................................................37
Bedah Refraksi........................................................................................................38
2.5.3.1Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)..................................................39
2.5.3.2 Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK)........................................ 40
2.5.3.3 Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).............................................. 40
BAB III KESIMPULAN............................................................................................... 42
DAFTAR PUSTAKA......................................................................................................... 43