TO-INFINITIVE

A. Bentuk to-infinitive
1. Bentuk positif
a. Kata kerja
1). Bentuk aktif (= me / ber )
Contoh:
to do (= mengerjakan);
to be doing (= sedang mengerjakan);
do
to have done (V3) (= telah mengerjakan);
to have been doing (= telah mengerjakan) (dalam rentang waktu dari waktu).
2). Bentuk pasif
Contoh:
to be done (V3) (= dikerjakan);
do
to have been done (V3) (= telah dikerjakan).
b. Kata sifat
Contoh:
late to be late (= terlambat).

c. Frasa benda
Contoh:
an engineer to be a engineer (= menjadi seorang insinyur).

d. Keterangan tempat
Contoh:
here to be here (= berada di sini).

e. Frasa preposisi
Contoh:
be with you to be with you (= bersama dengan kamu).

2. Bentuk negatif
Contoh:
not do not to do (= tidak mengerjakan);

not be late not to be late (= tidak terlambat).

B. Penggunaan to-infinitive
1. Sebagai subyek
Contoh:
To make mistakes is easy. (= Membuat kesalahan-kesalahan mudah) (Older English)
S P
 It is easy to make mistakes. (= Mudahlah membuat kesalahan-kesalahan) (Modern English)
Catatan: dalam kalimat di atas, It tidak menggantikan kata benda tunggal dan tidak diterjemakan hal ini, hal itu, ini, itu,
dan sebagainya. It merupakan subyek sementara (preparatory subject) untuk memberi tekanan makna kata
antara It dan to-infinitive, yaitu is easy (= mudahlah ), dan to make mistakes merupakan subyek
yang sebenarnya (the real / actual subject).
(For me) to do that is impossible.
To do that is impossible (for me).
It is (im)possible (= (tidak) mungkin) (for me / you / him / her / us / them) to do that.
It is (un)likely (= (tidak) mungkin) (for them) to postpone the meeting.
It is (un)necessary (= (tidak) perlu) (for us) to create (= menciptakan) web pages for a personal website.
It took him (= Ia membutuhkan waktu) ten months to conduct (= melakukan) such research.
It takes me ten minutes to get to (my) work.
It will take you ten hours to get there.
It takes time to write programs in high level languages.

2. Sebagai pelengkap subyek

Contoh:
Their ambition is to obtain (= memperoleh) good jobs. (Sebagai unsur pelengkap subyek Their ambition)
The role of the operating system is to communicate directlywith the hardware.
One of the key functions of the operating system is to establisha user interface.
One of the important functions of the computer is to process large amounts of data quickly.

3. Sebagai obyek kata kerja tertentu

Contoh:
I want to upgrade my computer. (Sebagai unsur obyek kata kerja want)
You seem (= agaknya) to be enjoying the film.
The survey appears (= nampaknya) to have revealed (= telah mengungkapkan) some interesting facts.
He seems to be happy. (= Ia agaknya berbahagia)
Catatan: dalam kalimat He seems happy, yang bentuknya berbeda tetapi maknanya sama dengan kalimat di atas, kata
happy bukan infinitive tetapi pelengkap subyek He.
She wants to be a systems analyst.
They promised to be here at six oclock.
He happened (= kebetulan) to be out when I called him.
She tends (= cenderung) to talk too much.
How old were you when you learned to operate a computer?
He agreed to lend me Rp1000000.
 She refused to comment on his involvement.
He forgot to bring me the PC magazine.
I always remember to back up important files.
There were a lot of traffic-jams this morning, but we managed (= (di sini) berhasil) to get to (my) work on time.
The operating system failed to boot although she had tried to start up the computer several times.
He is lazy. He needs to work harder.
If you want to link your PC with a mainframe, you will need to install a network.
We are planning to install LAN (Local Area Network).
They would like (= ingin (lebih halus dari want)) to see the manager.
Quite few (= sangat sedikit) of the companies can afford (= mampu) to purchase a mainframe.
I never thought to see you here.
I prefer not to start early.
I tried to get in touch with (= mengadakan kontak dengan) the manager this morning, but I missed him again.
My cheap PC seems to be (just) as good as (= sama (saja) baiknya dengan) Johns expensive one.
The professional programmer wants to create and sell a program for use in language learning.

4. Sebagai pelengkap obyek

Contoh:
She asked me to fix her PC.
They advised me to accept the offer of the job.
The Help facility enables users to get advice on most problems.
Windows allows you to display two different folders at the same time.
Voice recognition software helps disabled users (to) access computers.
The college lecturer wanted his students to learn the principles of programming.
They would like us to co-operate with them.

5. Untuk menerangkan kata sifat

Contoh:
We are very sorry not to be able to give you a definite reply (= jawaban yang pasti) in respect of (= berkenaan
dengan) the matter.
He was surprised to learn how much he had spent. (= Betapa banyak uang yang telah ia habiskan)

6. Untuk menerangkan kata enough dan too

Contoh:
Do you think he is good enough to become our manager?
This question is too difficult (for me) to answer (= untuk dijawab).
7. Untuk menerangkan kata benda
Contoh:
I have a lot of work to do (= untuk dikerjakan).
We have some important business to take care of (= untuk diurus).
.All user requests to access a database are handled by the database management system.
I dont have the courage to ask (= minta) my employer for a raise in pay (= kenaikan gaji).
The power to help others depends on the power to help oneself.
The next question to consider (to be considered) was the crucial one.
I need a box to hold my CDs.
I dont have enough money to buy a notebook computer.

8. Untuk mengungkapkan tujuan

Contoh:
They went to Bandung to do business.
He came to Surabaya to look for a job.
He uploaded a website to advertise his travel company.
He moved to Jakarta (in order / so as) to have a better opportunity to find a good position.
She subscribes to many different PC magazines and reads them all to keep up with the development
of computer technology.

9. Setelah question words

Contoh:
The problem is where to get the money.
He consulted his stockbroker on how to invest his money.
The computer operator showed me how to insert graphics into a document.
The office manager will explain to the new secretary where to work and what to do.