2007 2
Who should complete
this training?
2007 3
Training Requirements
Initial Training
Required for anyone who has not been previously
authorized to work with radioactive materials at the
University of Northern Iowa.
2007 5
UNIs Radiation License
2007 6
Inspections & Audits
2007 9
Topics
Click on a link to go directly to that section.
2007 12
Cosmic and Atmospheric
Radiation
2007 13
Additional Sources of Radiation
2007 15
X-Rays & Gamma Rays
Transmission Scattering
Absorption
2007 16
X-Ray Production
Electrons rearrange
themselves to fill the vacancy.
2007 17
Gamma Ray Production
2007 18
Shielding X-Rays & Gamma Rays
Remember:
Lead shielding does not automatically reduce exposure by 100%.
2007 19
Penetrating Radiation
-X-Rays & Gamma Rays-
2007 20
Beta Particles
2007 22
Non-Penetrating Radiation
-Beta Particles-
As a unit of dose, 1 rad means that each gram of exposed tissue has
abosorbed 100 ergs of energy.
2007 24
Radiation Equivalent in Man
-REM-
Somatic Effects
Physical effects
May be immediate or delayed
Genetic Effects
Birth defects due to irradiation to reproductive
cells before conception
Teratogenic Effects
Cancer or congenital malformation due to
radiation exposure to fetus in utero
2007 26
Biological Effects
-Threshold-
2007 29
Radioactive Decay Equation
2007 33
Measure Your Radiation Dose
-Dosimeters-
2007 34
Avoid Inaccurate
Dosimeter Readings
2007 35
Maximum Permissible
Dose Limits (MPD)
2007 36
As Low As is Reasonably
Achievable (ALARA)
2007 37
Why Practice ALARA?
2007 39
Three Effective Strategies
-Time-
2007 40
Three Effective Strategies
-Distance-
Be aware of the
limitations of shielding.
Placing radioactive Unshielded Area
2007 43
Radiation
Laboratory Rules
Radiation Safety
-Laboratory Rules-
2007 47
Radiation Safety
-Laboratory Rules-
2007 48
Radiation Safety
-Laboratory Rules-
Lab coat
Face shields when handling highly corrosive liquids, a
potential for explosion exists, or splashes of human blood or
other potentially infectious materials are possible
Eye protection should be worn under a face shield
Remote pipetting devices
Respirator use is generally not necessary in university labs
and is regulated. Contact the Safety Office at 273-5855 for
more information.
NOTE: Open-toed/Open-heel shoes are not acceptable when working
with hazardous material or equipment.
2007 51
Fume Hoods
2007 52
Using Fume Hoods
2007 55
Warning Label & Sign
Requirements
Warning Labels
Estimated activity
Date
2007 58
Warning Signs
2007 60
Testing for
Contamination
Survey Meters
Probe converts
Signal is Meter converts
ionizing radiation
transferred signal to visual
to an electrical
to meter. readout.
signal.
2007 68
Wipe Test
2007 70
Survey Records
2007 71
Contamination Control
2007 74
Receiving Radioactive Material
(continued)
2007 75
Spill & Emergency
Response Plan
Spill & Emergency Response
2. Call 911.
2007 81
Personal Contamination
BODY
Wash the contaminated area with CALL 911 if
mild soap and water until medical care
contamination is removed. Stop is needed.
if abrasion occurs or on advice
from the Radiation Safety
Officer. Notify RSO
of all injuries
EYES ASAP.
Rinse eyes with water for 15 273-6234
minutes.
2007 82
Proper Disposal of
Radioactive Waste
Radioactive Waste Disposal
2007 85
Segregating
Radioactive Waste
2007 86
Radioactive Waste
Classifications
DO NOT:
mix aqueous and organic liquid waste.
mix water and organic liquid waste.
put solid material in liquid radioactive waste containers.
Avoid overfilling containers. Leave about 3 inches at the
top of the container.
Make sure the container cap is tightly secure, fasten the
radioactive label to the container, and secure the
radioactive waste tag under the bottle handle.
2007 88
Animal Carcass Waste
2007 89
Dry Waste
2007 90
Sharps Waste
2007 92
Sealed Sources
2007 93
Radioactive
Waste and Lead Shielding
2007 97
Waste Minimization
2007 98
Radioactive Materials
Records
Radioactive Material
Inventory Management
2007 101
RAM Security
-Lab Visitors-
2007 102
Missing Radioactive
Material
2007 104
Additional Training
Information