Table of Contents

Distribution List.i
List of Effective Pagesii
Amendment List.iii
CHAPTER 0 ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL ............................................................ 0-1
0.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 0-1
0.2 Purpose .............................................................................................................. . 0-1
0.3 Applicability.......................................................................................................... 0-1
0.4 Format ................................................................................................................ . 0-1
0.5 Structure ............................................................................................................. . 0-2
0.6 Other Manuals ..................................................................................................... 0-2
0.7 Document Owner and Authoriser ......................................................................... 0-3
0.8 System of Amendment and Revision ................................................................... 0-3
Method of Amendment................................................................................................ 0-3
Source of Amendments............................................................................................... 0-4
Amendment Proposals................................................................................................ 0-4
Revision Symbol ......................................................................................................... 0-5
Flying Staff Instructions............................................................................................... 0-5
Distribution.................................................................................................................. 0-5
0.9 Definitions and Abbreviations............................................................................... 0-5

CHAPTER 1 ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................. 1-1

1.1 Organisation Structure ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.1 Air Operator Certificate ................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.2 Type of Operation ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.3 Validity .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 AIROD Organisation Chart................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Post Holders ........................................................................................................ 1-2
1.4 Responsibilities and Duties of Operations Management ...................................... 1-3
1.4.1 Accountable Manager ................................................................................... 1-3
1.4.2 Flight Operations Manager............................................................................ 1-4
1.4.3 Quality Assurance Manager .......................................................................... 1-5
1.4.4 Chief Pilot Operations ................................................................................... 1-5
1.4.5 Chief Pilot Training........................................................................................ 1-6
1.4.6 Type Rating Instructor................................................................................... 1-7
1.4.7 Ground Operations Manager..........................................................................1-8

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 1.4.7.1 Duties and Responsibilities....1-8
1.4.8 Flight Operations Officer ...............................................................................1-8
1.4.9 Ground Operations Administrator................................................................ 1-10
1.4.10 Authority, Duties and Responsibilities of Aircraft Commander.......................1-10
1.4.10.1 Responsibilities ........................................................................................... 1-10
1.4.11 Additional Responsibilities, Obligations and Duties ..................................... 1-11
1.5 Duties and Responsibilities of Crew member ............................................. 1-12
1.5.1 Co-Pilot ....................................................................................................... 1-13
1.6 Duties and responsibilities of other crew members ..................................... 1-13

CHAPTER 2 OPERATIONAL CONTROL .......................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Supervision of Operations.................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Additional Instructions and Information ................................................................ 2-2
2.2.1 Flying Staff Instruction (FSI).......................................................................... 2-2
2.2.2 Administrative Notice .................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Accident Prevention and Flight Safety Programme .............................................. 2-2
2.3.1 General......................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.2 Safety Steering Committee (SSC) Accident / Incident Prevention .............. 2-2
2.4 Operational Control System ................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.2 Responsibility for Operational Control ........................................................... 2-3
2.4.3 Flight Dispatch .............................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.4 Pilot Self Dispatch......................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.5 Conflict Resolution Policy.............................................................................. 2-5
2.4.6 Dispatch Centres and Facilities..................................................................... 2-6
2.4.7 Operations Support Services and Equipment................................................ 2-6
2.4.8 Flight Authorization and Release .................................................................. 2-8
2.4.9 Flight Following System ................................................................................ 2-9
APPENDIX 1............................................................................................................ .12-13

CHAPTER 3 QUALITY SYSTEM....................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 General................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Quality Policy ................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Quality Objective.................................................................................................. 3-2
3.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3.1 Operational Inspection (Quality Inspection)................................................... 3-2
3.3.2 Audit (Quality Audit) ...................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.3 Accountable Manager ................................................................................... 3-2

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 3.3.4 Quality Assurance......................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 Operational Standards ......................................................................................... 3-3

3.4.1 General......................................................................................................... 3-3
3.5 Quality Assurance and Safety Organization ......................................................... 3-3
3.5.1 The Quality Assurance Manager................................................................... 3-3
3.6 Procedures to ensure Compliance to the Operational Standards ......................... 3-4
3.7 Quality Assurance Program ................................................................................. 3-4
3.7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3-4
3.7.2 Sub-contractor .............................................................................................. 3-4
3.7.3 Reporting Procedures, Follow up and Corrective Actions ............................. 3-4
3.7.4 Recording System ........................................................................................ 3-5
3.8 Safety Document Control ..................................................................................... 3-5
3.8.1 General......................................................................................................... 3-5
3.9 Flight Safety Program .......................................................................................... 3-6
3.9.1 Management Plan......................................................................................... 3-6
3.9.1.1 Executive Commitment.............................................................................. 3-6
3.9.1.2 Safety Policies, Standard and Procedures................................................... 3-7
3.9.1.3 Responsibility and Accountability.......................................................................3-8
3.9.1.4 Recruiting, Retention, Development of Safety Personnel....................................3-8

3.9.2 Responsibilities and Authority............................................................................3-9

3.9.3 Training for Flight Safety .......................................................................................3-9
3.9.4 Incident Management..................................................................................3-10
3.9.5 Safety Activity and Safety Committee...............................................................3-12
3.9.6 Safety Education...............................................................................................3-15

CHAPTER 4 CREW COMPOSITION ................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Crew Composition.. ............................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Minimum Flight Crew Requirement ............................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Designation of Commander ......................................................................... 4-1
4.1.3 Chain of Command ....................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.4 Flight Crew Incapacitation............................................................................. 4-2
4.1.5 Flight Crew Operation on More Than One Type or Variant ........................... 4-4
4.1.6 Flight Crew Experience.................................................................................. 4-5
4.1.7 Non-Company Flight Crew............................................................................ 4-5
4.1.8 Seat Allocation for DCA Examiner during Test Flight..4-6

CHAPTER 5 QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 5-1

5.1 Description of Requirements .................................................................................5-1
5.1.1 Flight Crew ................................................................................................... 5-1
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 5.1.2 Aircraft Commander...................................................................................... 5-3
5.2 Flight Crew Licences............................................................................................ 5-6
5.2.1 Description of Licenses ................................................................................. 5-6
5.2.2 Inspection of Licenses .................................................................................. 5-6
5.2.3 Validity of Licenses / License Monitoring....................................................... 5-7
5.2.4 Personal Flying Log Book ............................................................................. 5-7
5.2.5 Commander Requirements. ....................................................................... 5-7
5.2.6 Co-pilot.......................................................................................................... 5-7
5.2.7 Occupation of Right Seat ........................................................................... 5-7
5.2.8 Ferry, Positioning, Maintenance and Training Flights..................................... 5-9
5.2.9 Flight Operations Officers.............................................................................. 5-9

CHAPTER 6 CREW HEALTH PRECAUTIONS ................................................................. 6-1

6.1 Statutory Requirements ....................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Illness .................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.3 Medication .......................................................................................................... . 6-1
6.3.1 Antibiotics ..................................................................................................... 6-2
6.3.2 Tranquillisers ................................................................................................ 6-2
6.3.3 Stimulants ..................................................................................................... 6-2
6.3.4 Anti-histamines ............................................................................................. 6-2
6.3.5 Blood Pressure Drugs................................................................................... 6-3
6.3.6 Analgesics .................................................................................................... 6-3
6.3.7 Other Treatments.......................................................................................... 6-3
6.4 Alcohol ................................................................................................................ . 6-3
6.4.1 Minimum Period after Consumption Prior to Duty ......................................... 6-4
6.4.2 Testing.......................................................................................................... 6-4
6.5 Narcotics and Drugs ............................................................................................ 6-4
6.6 Immunisation ....................................................................................................... 6-5
6.7 Blood Donation .................................................................................................... 6-6
6.8 Deep Sea Diving .................................................................................................. 6-6
6.9 Tiredness ............................................................................................................ . 6-6
6.9.1 Sleep and Rest ............................................................................................. 6-6
6.9.2 Fatigue.......................................................................................................... 6-6
6.10 Surgical Procedures............................................................................................. 6-6
6.11 Anaesthetics ........................................................................................................ 6-6
6.12 Food poisoning .................................................................................................... 6-7
6.13 Corrective Lenses ................................................................................................ 6-7
6.14 Medevac Personal Protection .............................................................................. 6-7

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 6.15 Infectious Diseases.............................................................................................. 6-7
6.15.1 Food and Waterborne ................................................................................... 6-7
6.15.2 Vector Borne................................................................................................. 6-8
6.15.3 Animal Transfer ............................................................................................ 6-8
6.15.4 Sexually Transmitted Diseases ..................................................................... 6-8
6.15.5 Blood Borne .................................................................................................. 6-8
6.15.6 Airborne ........................................................................................................ 6-8
6.15.7 Soil ............................................................................................................... 6-8
6.16 Dengue and Malaria............................................................................................. 6-8
6.16.1 The Disease ................................................................................................. 6-9
6.16.2 How to Prevent Insect Bites .......................................................................... 6-9
6.16.3 Diagnosis .................................................................................................... 6-10
6.17 Cabin Rate of Descent ....................................................................................... 6-10

CHAPTER 7 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS ........................................................................ 7-1

7.1 Responsibility....................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.1 The Company ............................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2 Crew Members ............................................................................................. 7-1
7.1.3 Definitions ..................................................................................................... 7-2
7.2 Maximum FDP & Daily Flying Times .................................................................... 7-4
7.2.1 Maximum FDP .............................................................................................. 7-5
7.3 Additional Limits on Flying ................................................................................... 7-5
7.3.1 Late Finishes/Early Starts ............................................................................. 7-5
7.3.2 Interrupted Rest ............................................................................................ 7-5
7.4 Mixed Duties ........................................................................................................ 7-6
7.4.1 Mixed Simulator and Aircraft Flying............................................................... 7-6
7.4.2 Mixed Single Pilot/Two Pilot Operations........................................................ 7-6
7.5 Travelling Time .................................................................................................... 7-6
7.6 Positioning .......................................................................................................... . 7-7
7.7 Standby Duty ....................................................................................................... 7-7
7.8 Additional Limits on Helicopter Flying................................................................... 7-8
7.8.1 Repetitive Short Sectors ............................................................................... 7-8
7.9 Extension of Flying Duty Period by Split Duty ...................................................... 7-8
7.10 Rest Periods ........................................................................................................ 7-9
7.11 Aircraft Commanders Discretion to Extend a Flying Duty Period ....................... 7-10
7.12 Aircraft Commanders Discretion to Reduce Rest Period ................................... 7-10
7.13 Reporting Exercise of Discretion ........................................................................ 7-11
7.14 Duty Cycle and Time Off .................................................................................... 7-11
7.15 Days Off............................................................................................................ . 7-11

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 7.16 Maximum Flight Times ....................................................................................... 7-12
7.17 Maximum Duty Times ........................................................................................ 7-12
7.18 Calculation of Cumulative of Duty Hours ............................................................ 7-12
7.19 Record of Duty Periods ...................................................................................... 7-13
7.19.1 Retention of Records .................................................................................. 7-13
7.20 Instructions for Completing Record of Flying and Duty Hours ............................ 7-13
7.20.1 General Notes............................................................................................. 7-14

CHAPTER 8 OPERATING PROCEDURES....................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Flight Preparation Instructions.............................................................................. 8-1
8.1.1 Routes and areas of operation ...................................................................... 8-2
8.1.2 Minimum Flight Altitudes ............................................................................... 8-2
8.1.3 Criteria for Determining the Usability of Aerodromes..................................... 8-6
8.1.4 Performance ................................................................................................. 8-8
8.1.5 Aerodrome Operating Minima ....................................................................... 8-8
8.1.6 VFR En-Route Operating Minima................................................................ 8-13
8.2 Presentation and Application of Airport/Heliport and Enroute Operating Minima 8-16
8.2.1 Presentation ............................................................................................... 8-16
8.2.2 Application .................................................................................................. 8-16
8.3 Interpretation of Meteorological Information ....................................................... 8-16
8.3.1 Routine Actual Weather Reports (METAR) ................................................. 8-17
8.3.2 Aerodrome and Heliport Weather Forecasts (TAF) ..................................... 8-19
8.3.3 Use of PROB, BECMG and TEMPO ........................................................... 8-21
8.4 Fuel and Oil Carried........................................................................................... 8-21
8.4.1 Policy and Procedures for In-flight Fuel Management (VFR/IFR as applicable)
8-22
8.4.2 Fuel for IFR AND VFR (Day or Night) ......................................................... 8-23
8.4.3 Mass and Centre of Gravity ........................................................................ 8-25
8.5 Flight Plan.......................................................................................................... 8-28
8.5.1 ATS Flight Plan ........................................................................................... 8-28
8.5.2 Flights without ATS Flight Plans.................................................................. 8-28
8.5.3 Requirements for a Flight Plan.................................................................... 8-31
8.5.4 Deviation from a Flight Plan ........................................................................ 8-31
8.6 Operational Flight Plan ...................................................................................... 8-31
8.6.1 Form for Operational Flight Plan ................................................................. 8-33
8.7 Helicopter Defects.............................................................................................. 8-35
8.7.1 Helicopters without an MEL ........................................................................ 8-35
8.7.2 Helicopters with an MEL ............................................................................. 8-35
8.7.3 When Away from a Company Base ............................................................ 8-35

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 8.7.4 Flash Cards ................................................................................................ 8-35
8.7.5 Technical Logbook Entry Following a Flight Test ........................................ 8-35
8.8 Documentation, Forms and Additional Information............................................. 8-36
8.8.1 Documents to Be Carried............................................................................ 8-36
8.8.2 Manuals to Be Carried ................................................................................ 8-36
8.8.3 Additional Information and Forms to Be Carried.......................................... 8-37
8.8.4 Information to Be Retained On the Ground ................................................. 8-37
8.8.5 Production of Documentation and Records ................................................. 8-38
8.8.6 Preservation of Documentation ................................................................... 8-38
8.9 Emergency and Survival Equipment to be Carried ............................................. 8-38
8.9.1 Safety Features Card.................................................................................. 8-39
8.9.2 Fire Extinguisher ......................................................................................... 8-39
8.9.3 First Aid Kit ................................................................................................. 8-39
8.9.4 Emergency Locator Transmitter .................................................................. 8-40
8.9.5 Life Jackets................................................................................................. 8-41
8.9.6 Life Rafts .................................................................................................... 8-41
8.9.7 Land Survival Equipment ............................................................................ 8-41
8.9.8 Inspection of Emergency and Survival Equipment ...................................... 8-41
8.10 Performance Requirements ............................................................................... 8-42
8.10.1 Explanation of Classes ............................................................................... 8-43
8.10.2 General Performance Requirements........................................................... 8-44
8.10.3 Take-Off Performance Requirements ......................................................... 8-44
8.10.4 En-route Performance Requirements.......................................................... 8-45
8.10.5 Landing Requirements ................................................................................ 8-45
8.10.6 Allowance for Fuel Jettison Capability......................................................... 8-45
8.10.7 Exceptions to Performance Requirements .................................................. 8-46
8.10.8 Interpretation of Performance Criteria ......................................................... 8-46
8.11 Ground Handling Procedures............................................................................. 8-47
8.11.1 Fuelling Procedures .................................................................................... 8-47
8.11.2 Refuelling with Rotors Turning .................................................................... 8-49
8.11.3 Refuelling with Engines Running and Rotors Stopped ................................ 8-49
8.11.4 Passenger and Cargo Handling Procedures Related to Safety ................... 8-49
8.11.5 Aircraft Start-Up .......................................................................................... 8-51
8.12 Flight Procedures............................................................................................... 8-52
8.12.1 VFR / IFR Policy ......................................................................................... 8-52
8.12.2 Navigation Procedures................................................................................ 8-53
8.12.3 Aircraft Navigation Systems ........................................................................ 8-56

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 8.13 Altimeter Setting Procedures ............................................................................. 8-57

8.13.1 Definitions ................................................................................................... 8-57

8.13.2 Serviceability Checks.................................................................................. 8-58
8.13.3 Setting Procedures ..................................................................................... 8-58
8.13.4 Transition altitude and transition level ......................................................... 8-61
8.13.5 Cockpit Procedures..................................................................................... 8-62
8.13.6 Altimeter Changes and Cross Checking Table............................................ 8-64
8.13.7 Temperature Error ...................................................................................... 8-65
8.13.8 Use of QFE ................................................................................................. 8-65
8.13.9 Approach - Identification of Descent Minimum ............................................ 8-65
8.14 Audio Voice Alerting Device (AVAD) .................................................................. 8-65
8.14.1 Unexpected AVAD Warnings ...................................................................... 8-66
8.15 Enhance Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) ..................................... 8-67
8.16 Policy and Procedures for the Use of TCAS/ ACAS ........................................... 8-67
8.16.1 General....................................................................................................... 8-67
8.16.2 TCAS II Modes ........................................................................................... 8-67
8.16.3 Procedures ................................................................................................. 8-68
8.16.4 ATC Phraseology........................................................................................ 8-69
8.17 Crew Members at their Stations ......................................................................... 8-69
8.17.1 Flight Crew (Sterile Cockpit) ....................................................................... 8-69
8.17.2 Use of Crew/Passenger Safety Belts/Harnesses ........................................ 8-70
8.17.3 Admission to Cockpit .................................................................................. 8-71
8.17.4 Incapacitation of Flight Crew Members ....................................................... 8-72
8.17.5 Cabin Safety Requirements ........................................................................ 8-75
8.17.6 Medical Kits ................................................................................................ 8-77
8.17.7 Carry-On Baggage Control ......................................................................... 8-80
8.18 Standard Operating Procedures......................................................................... 8-80
8.18.1 General....................................................................................................... 8-80
8.18.2 Power Checks............................................................................................. 8-81
8.18.3 Use of Checklists ........................................................................................ 8-82
8.18.4 Checklist Handling ...................................................................................... 8-83
8.18.5 Emergency Checklists ................................................................................ 8-84
8.18.6 Transfer of Control ...................................................................................... 8-84
8.18.7 Guarding control ......................................................................................... 8-84
8.18.8 Collective Guarding..................................................................................... 8-85
8.18.9 Crossing a Hold Line................................................................................... 8-86
8.18.10 Taxy way Lights ...................................................................................... 8-86

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 8.18.11 Take-off Procedures................................................................................ 8-86
8.18.12 Hover Checks.......................................................................................... 8-87
8.18.13 Use of Landing Light ............................................................................... 8-87
8.18.14 Attitude.................................................................................................... 8-87
8.18.15 Take-off Power ........................................................................................ 8-87
8.18.16 Calls during the Take-off Phase .............................................................. 8-87
8.18.17 After Take-off and Climb Procedures....................................................... 8-88
8.18.18 Altimeters ................................................................................................ 8-88
8.18.19 En-Route Procedures .............................................................................. 8-88
8.18.20 In-Flight Procedures ................................................................................ 8-89
8.18.21 Descend and Approach Procedures ........................................................ 8-92
8.18.22 Landing Procedures ................................................................................ 8-92
8.19 All Weather Operations ...................................................................................... 8-97
8.19.1 Pre-Flight Preparation ................................................................................. 8-97
8.19.2 Before take-off ............................................................................................ 8-97
8.19.3 Take-off and Climb...................................................................................... 8-98
8.19.4 En- Route ................................................................................................... 8-98
8.19.5 Descend and Approach .............................................................................. 8-99
8.19.6 Use of GPS under IFR .............................................................................. 8-102
8.19.7 Non-precision and Category I ................................................................... 8-105
8.20 Adverse and Potentially Hazardous Condition ................................................. 8-109
8.20.1 Adverse Weather ...................................................................................... 8-109
8.20.2 Hazardous Condition ................................................................................ 8-112
8.20.3 Risk Area .................................................................................................. 8-116
8.20.4 Diversion and Deviation Flight .................................................................. 8-117
8.21 Use of MEL ...................................................................................................... 8-118
8.21.1 Extension of MEL Item .............................................................................. 8-119
8.21.2 Documenting MEL Release ...................................................................... 8-119
8.22 Non-Commercial Flights................................................................................... 8-119
8.22.1 Passenger on Non-Commercial Flights..................................................... 8-119
8.22.2 Training Flights ......................................................................................... 8-119
8.22.3 Positioning Flights..................................................................................... 8-119
8.22.4 Maintenance Test Flights .......................................................................... 8-120
8.22.5 Flight with Invalid Certificate of Airworthiness ........................................... 8-120
8.22.6 Ground Running of Helicopters ................................................................. 8-120
8.23 Oxygen Requirements ..................................................................................... 8-121
8.24 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and Flight Data Recorder (FDR) Procedures... 8-121

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 CHAPTER 9 DANGEROUS GOODS AND WEAPONS ..................................................... 9-1
9.1 General................................................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Definitions ..................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Policy on the Transport of Dangerous Goods....................................................... 9-4
9.2.1 General......................................................................................................... 9-4
9.2.2 Dangerous Goods Exempted ........................................................................ 9-4
9.2.3 Dangerous Goods Forbidden ........................................................................ 9-7
9.2.4 State Variations ............................................................................................ 9-8
9.2.5 Classification................................................................................................. 9-8
9.3 Guidance on the Requirements for Acceptance, Handling and Stowage.............. 9-9
9.4 Procedures for Responding to Emergency Situations .......................................... 9-9
9.4.1 In-Flight Emergency with Dangerous Goods On-board ................................. 9-9
9.4.2 Company Responsibilities........................................................................... 9-10
9.5 Duties of Pilot in Command Involved with Dangerous Goods............................. 9-10
9.5.1 Pilot in Command Duties ............................................................................ 9-10
9.5.2 Training....................................................................................................... 9-10
9.6 Instructions on the Carriage of Employees of the Company ............................... 9-11
9.6.1 General....................................................................................................... 9-11
9.6.2 Company Policy .......................................................................................... 9-11

CHAP 10 SECURITY 10-1

10.1 General Security Procedures ............................................................................. 10-1
10.1.1 Airport Rules ............................................................................................... 10-1
10.1.2 Bomb Warning General............................................................................ 10-1
10.1.3 Anti Hi-Jack Procedures ............................................................................. 10-3
10.1.4 Reporting .................................................................................................... 10-4
10.1.5 Ground Operations Security Procedures..................................................... 10-4
10.1.6 Aviation Authority Flight Operations Inspectors........................................... 10-5
10.1.7 Crew Baggage ............................................................................................ 10-5
10.1.8 Stowaways and Bogus Crew Members....................................................... 10-5
10.1.9 Passengers Failing to Board after Check-in ................................................ 10-5
10.1.10 Admission to Cockpit ............................................................................... 10-5
10.1.11 Flight Crew Security ................................................................................ 10-5
10.2 Unlawful Interference (Hijack) ............................................................................ 10-6
10.2.1 Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft The Commanders Authority ......................... 10-6
10.3 Bomb Threat ...................................................................................................... 10-7

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 10.3.1 Search Procedures ..................................................................................... 10-8
10.3.2 Action by Aircraft Crew in Flight ................................................................ 10-11
10.3.3 Action if Bomb Found on Aircraft............................................................... 10-11
10.4 Reporting Security Incidents ............................................................................ 10-13

CHAPTER 11 HANDLING OCCURRENCES..11-1

11.1 Accidents/Incidents ............................................................................................ 11-1
11.1.1 Report Form ............................................................................................... 11-1
11.1.2 Reporting .................................................................................................... 11-1
11.1.3 Definitions ................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Overdue or Missing Aircraft................................................................................ 11-5
11.2.1 Alert Plan .................................................................................................... 11-6
11.3 Aircraft Accident................................................................................................. 11-7
11.3.1 Responsibility for Initiating Post Accident Procedures................................. 11-8
11.3.2 Personnel to be notified .............................................................................. 11-8
11.3.3 Subsequent Actions .................................................................................... 11-9
11.4 Accident / Incident Report Form....................................................................... 11-11
11.4.1 Mandatory Occurrence Report (MOR) ...................................................... 11-11
11.4.2 Company Occurrence Report ................................................................... 11-13

CHAPTER 12 RULES OF THE AIR..12-1

12.1 Applicability........................................................................................................ 12-1
12.2 Protection of Persons and Property ................................................................... 12-1
12.2.1 Negligent or Reckless Operation of Aircraft ................................................ 12-1
12.2.2 Minimum Heights ........................................................................................ 12-1
12.2.3 Formation Flight .......................................................................................... 12-1
12.2.4 Prohibited Areas and Restricted Areas ....................................................... 12-1
12.3 Avoidance of Collisions ...................................................................................... 12-2
12.3.1 Proximity ..................................................................................................... 12-2
12.3.2 Right of Way............................................................................................... 12-2
12.4 Visual Flight Rules ............................................................................................. 12-4
12.4.1 VMC Visibility and Distance from Cloud ...................................................... 12-4
12.4.2 Night ........................................................................................................... 12-4
12.4.3 Minimum Heights ........................................................................................ 12-5
12.4.4 Cruising Altitudes ........................................................................................ 12-5
12.4.5 Compliance with Air Traffic Control ............................................................. 12-5
12.4.6 Communications Watch .............................................................................. 12-6

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 12.4.7 Change from VFR to IFR ............................................................................ 12-6
12.5 Instrument Flight Rules ...................................................................................... 12-6
12.5.1 Aircraft Equipment ...................................................................................... 12-6
12.5.2 Minimum Levels .......................................................................................... 12-6
12.5.3 Change from IFR Flight to VFR Flight ......................................................... 12-7
12.5.4 Rules within Controlled Airspace................................................................. 12-7
12.5.5 Rules outside Controlled Airspace .............................................................. 12-8
12.6 Communication Procedures ............................................................................... 12-9
12.7 Signals.............................................................................................................. . 12-9
12.7.1 Signals to Warn Helicopters from Entering Unauthorised Areas ................. 12-9
12.7.2 Distress and Urgency Signals ..................................................................... 12-9
12.7.3 Search and Rescue Signals ...................................................................... 12-10
12.7.4 Procedure when Intercepting a Distress Transmission.............................. 12-11
12.8 Interception Procedures ................................................................................... 12-11
12.8.1 Interception signals ................................................................................... 12-12

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