Institute of Telecommunications

Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology

Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

EINTE LAB EXERCISES

LAB EXERCISE #5 - SIP PROTOCOL

PREPARATIONS

STUDYING SIP PROTOCOL

The aim of this exercise is to study the basic aspects of the SIP protocol. Before executing the exercise you
should familiarize yourself with SIP protocol specification.

LABORATORY CONFIGURATION
In order to perform the exercise you must create the VoIP system by installing 3CX VoIP Server and 3CX
soft-phones using at least two PC computers. The recommended system configuration is shown on the figure
below. Install the VoIP server and VoIP client on one PC and the second VoIP client on another PC. Optionally
you may install the VoIP clients on dedicated computers using 3 PCs (if available). Install the Wireshark
program on the server PC.

PC 1 PC 2 PC 3
(optional)

VoIP Client 1 VoIP Server (3CX Softswitch) VoIP Client 2

(3CX Softphone) VoIP Client 2 (opt.) (3CX Softphone)
wireshark

The 3CX VoIP software is available for free from the following web page: http://www.3cx.com/. Move to the
download section and then select the Free Edition version. To be able to download the 3CX software you
must fill in a short registration page (see figure below), provide the required information and click the
Submit&Download button.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

After submitting the registration form you will be redirected to the download page. Select the current 3CX
version and download the following components:

VoIP server software Download 3CX Phone System for Windows

VoIP client software (soft-phone) - Download the Windows Client (3CXPhone for Windows)

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING 3CX VOIP SERVER

Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

Run the 3CX setup program and follow the instructions provided by the installation program. Pay special
attention to the system requirements and in particular to the availability of the required port numbers.

After successful installation of the server software, the 3CX setup Wizard will be launched automatically. The
Wizard will guide you through the initial system configuration. you may also setup/modify these settings later
using the 3CX management console.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

Using the configuration Wizard setup the following configuration options of your VoIP system (see the
provided screenshots):

Language setup your desired language version

Public IP select No I dont have a static public IP address if you dont have or dont want to use
your public IP address
Settings select Create new PBX to create new VoIP server instance
Extension Digits select the number of digits for your extension numbers (select any settings you
like).
Mail Server enter your email account settings (optionally). Setting email account will easy the 3CX
client configuration task.
Administrator Login enter the user name and password for the administrator account that will be
used to manage your VoIP server.
Region enter the region settings (select any region you like)
General settings enter the internal operator extension (select any number you like)
Allowed Countries use default settings

At this point, the wizard will create and configure the VoIP system. The following step (registration) can be
skipped.
After installation is completed the login page should be displayed in your browser. The default login page is
https://localhost:5001/management/MainForm.wgx. Login into the 3CX management console and configure two
extensions.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

Configure two extensions for your soft-phones. In the 3CX

management console select the Extension option and then click on
the Add Extension button. Enter the following configuration
options:

Extension Number

Email address

ID

password
If you configure the email address you will be able to send a welcome
message containing client provisioning information (the mail server
must be configured for this option to work).
In order to send configuration email select the extension by clicking
on it and click on the Send welcome message button (right most
button on the menu toolbar above the extension list).
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING 3CX VOIP CLIENT

Install the 3CX client software on two PCs. Run the setup program and follow the provided instructions.

When the client is started for the first

time, the following screen is displayed
informing about the lack of client
configuration. Follow the provided
instructions to configure the client (using
the welcome message).
If you didnt configure the mail server option in the 3CX system you must configure the client manually. Click
on the Settings button (mark by red circle) and on the next screen select the Configure Accounts option.

Click the Add Account button (plus sign on the bottom of the window) and enter the required information
according to the extension configuration done in the 3CX system, namely enter: extension number, extension
ID, password and 3CX server IP address. After configuring the client switch the soft-phone to the 3CX mode.
From this point the soft-phone should register with the 3CX server (verify this under Extension Status in
management console.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

WIRESHARK SNIFFER
WireShark is a free and powerful protocol analyzer available under the GNU license for most popular
operating systems (Windows, Unix, Linux, OS X). It allows observing and recording data units transmitted over
the network interfaces of a computer. The WireShark main window is divided into three parts: frame list (top
panel), frame decode view (middle panel) and frame hex view (bottom panel). You can edit columns displayed
in the frame panel. In order to add new column, for example to add the TCP sequence number, right click on
the parameters of interest and select Apply as Column option. This will add new column to the frame panel,
showing TCP segment send sequence number. You may add parameters as required.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

The link http://www.wireshark.org/docs provides extensive documentation to the program. The basic options
that may come in handy during the exercise are mostly related to packet filtering, for example by IP addresses:

== ip.src 194.29.169.x
== ip.dst 194.29.169.x
Expressions may be combined using Boolean operators. Filtering allows to simplify the view by removing the
information that is not important for current context. However, please be aware that by filtering one may not
see some important messages, such as queries for host address etc.

For further processing you may export data to the text file (or other file format). This may be useful if you
want to perform analysis other then provided by the WireShark or save filtered packets in the separate pcap
file. To export data to a file select the option Export Packet Dissections or Export Specified Packets
form the File menu.

TESTING SIP PROTOCOL

CLIENT REGISTRATION
Using WireShark capture the SIP messages used for registering the user agent (client) in the SIP server. Start
the WireShark capture process and then start the 3CX client. Notice that the 3CX client mustnt run in the
background prior to starting it up.

Explain in the report the registration procedure used by the 3CX system, does it follow the SIP specification?
Draw the SIP message sequence diagram. Include the decoded SIP messages in the report. Explain the meaning
and usage of the SIP headers observed in the decoded messages. Include the relevant screenshots from
WireShark showing the captured packets.

SETTING UP SIP CONNE CTION

Using WireShark capture the SIP messages used for setting and disconnecting SIP session between client 1&2.
Check the following cases:

Called client answers the call

Called client blocks the call
Called client dose not answer the call (ignores alerting signal)
Calling client stops the call before the called client answers
Calling or called client disconnects
Draw the SIP message sequence diagram. Include the decoded SIP messages in the report. Explain the meaning
and usage of the SIP headers observed in the decoded messages. Include the relevant screenshots from
WireShark showing the captured packets.

HOLDING SIP CONNECTION

Using WireShark capture the SIP messages used for holding active SIP connection. Check the following cases:

Hold the connection

Activate back the connection
Draw the SIP message sequence diagram. Include the decoded SIP messages in the report. Explain the meaning
and usage of the SIP headers observed in the decoded messages. Include the relevant screenshots from
WireShark showing the captured packets.
Institute of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Warsaw University of Technology, April 2015

FINAL REPORT

Please prepare a document (in PDF format) containing the description of actions taken during the exercise,
your observations and conclusions. The report should clearly describe your results, analysis methodology etc.

Attach the WireShark dumps (in .pcap format) collected during the exercise to the report. The pcap files
should contain only filtered SIP messages (frames relevant to the exercise that contains the SIP messages).