BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
Direncanakan :
Panjang bentang kuda-kuda = 19.5 m
Sudut kemiringan atap = 30o
Penutup atap = Genteng seng
Berat atap = 10 kg/m2
Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 4,00 m
Plafond + penggantung = 18 kg/m2
Mutu baja yang digunakan = Bj 37
Tegangan dasar izin ( ) = 1600 kg/cm2
Modulus elastisitas baja = 2,1 x 106 kg/cm2
2. Batang atas
h1 2.60
A1 A12= 3.00 m
cos cos 30
h3 2.03
A2 A11 = cos cos 30 2.34m
3. Batang diagonal
2 2
D1 D10 = B2 V1 (3) 2 (1.50) 2 3,35 m
B7 2.06
B8 2.06
B9 2.06
B10 2.06
D1 3.36
D2 3.36
D3 3.36
D4 3.36
D5 3.36
D6 3.36
D7 3.36
D8 3.36
D9 3.36
D10 3.36
V1 1.50
V2 1.50
V3 1.50
V4 1.50
V5 1.50
V6 1.50
V7 1.50
V8 1.50
V9 1.50
V10 1.50
V11 1.50
H1 3.00
H2 3.00
40
BAB II
PERENCANAAN GORDING
Direncanakan:
Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 4,00 m
Jarak antar gording = 1.13 m
Jenis atap = Genteng seng
Berat atap = 10 kg/m2
Mutu baja = Bj 37
Tegangan dasar izin ( ) = 1600 kg/cm2
Modulus elastisitas baja (E) = 2,1 x 106 kg/cm2
y x
qx
30
qy
q
5q y L4 5(7.925)(10 2 )(400) 4
fy = = 0.660cm
384 EI y 384(2,1.10 6 )(21.0)
42
Py L3 50(400) 3
fy = = 1.511cm
48 EI y 48(2,1.10 6 )( 21.0)
Momen akibat beban terpusat > momen akibat beban terbagi rata,
maka tegangan yang timbul ditentukan oleh beban terpusat.
43
Fy = 0
b. Angin hisap
Koef angin hisap = -0,4
qx = koef angin x tek. angin x jarak gording
= - 0,4 x 40 x 1,13
= - 18,08 kg/m
qy = 0
Mx = 1/8 qxL2 = 1/8 (-18,08) (4)2 = 36.16 kgm (-)
My = 0
Dx = qx L = (-18,08) (4) = 36.16 kg (-)
44
Dy = 0
Lendutan yang timbul
5q x L4 5(18,08(10 2 )( 400) 4
fx = = 0.353cm
384 EI x 384( 2,1.10 6 )(89.7)
fy = 0
Tabel 2.1 Momen dan bidang geser akibat variasi dan kombinasi beban
Momen Beban Beban Beban Kombinasi Beban
dan Mati Hidup Angin
Gaya Geser tekan Primer Sekunder
(1) (2) (3) (4) (2) + (3) (2)+(3)+(4)
Mx (kg.m) 27.452 86.6 18,08 114.052 132.132
My (kg.m) 15.85 50 0 65.85 65.85
Dx (kg) 27.452 43.3 18.08 70.752 88.832
Dy (kg) 15.85 25 0 40.85 40.85
1. Pembebanan primer
M tot Mx My 11405.2 6585
lt ytb = = Wx Wy = = 1382.068 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
W 17.9 6.68
............ (aman)
2. Pembebanan sekunder
M tot Mx My 13213.2 6585
lt ytb = = Wx Wy = = 1483.073 kg/cm2 < 1,30 x = 2080 kg/cm2
W 17.9 6.68
............. (aman)
F2
F4
Profil LLC 100 x 50 x 20 x 2.6
Cx
A = 100 mm = 10 cm
F1
B = 50 mm = 5 cm
A
x
C = 20 mm = 2 cm
t = 2.6 mm = 2.6 cm
t
Cx = 0 cm
F5 C
Cy = 1,86 cm F3
B
Cy
y1 = (5) = 2,5cm
y2 = 5 ( x 0,26) = 4,87 cm
y3 = 5 ( x 2) = 4 cm
Sx = (F1 . y1) + (F2 . y2) + (F3 . y3)
= (2,0 x 1,3) + (1,16 x 4,87) + (0,52 x 4)
=10,329 cm3
bx = 0,26 cm
b. Terhadap sumbu y y
F1 = 0,26 x 10 = 2,6 cm2
F2 = F3 = 0,26 x (2,5 0,26) = 0,582 cm2
x1 = 1,86 (0,26 / 2) = 1,73 cm
x2 = x3 = (1,86 0,26) = 0,8 cm
Beban Primer
D x .S x D y .S y
ytb = +
b x .I x b y .I y
............ (aman)
47
Beban Sekunder
D x .S x D y .S y
ytb = +
bx .I x b y .I y
........... (aman)
BAB III
PERHITUNGAN PEMBEBANAN
25,5 3 20,5
= 65,343 kg
24
Batang L - M
1.5 1.5
MM =0
v =0
= 25,8 kg
50
Batang M - N
1.17 1.17
MN =0
v =0
RNM = (51,6 x 2) 60,372
= 42,828 kg
Titik A = B = ( B1+H1) x 3 x 18
= (2,34+2,60) x 3 x 18
= 133,38 kg
Titik C = K = (B1 + B2) x 3 x 18
51
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 18
= 126,36 kg
Titik D = J = (B2 + B3) x 3 x 18
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 18
= 126,36 kg
Titik E = I = (B3 + B4) x 3 x 18
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 18
= 126,36 kg
Titik F = H = (B4 + B5) x 3 x 18
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 18
= 126,36 kg
Titik G = (B5 + B6) x 3 x 18
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 18
= 126,36 kg
= ( (3) x 3 x 16
= 72 kg
Titik M = W = (A1 + A2) x 3 x 16
= (3+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 128,18 kg
Titik N = V = (A2 + A3) x 3 x 16
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 112,32 kg
Titik O = U = (A3 + A4) x 3 x 16
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 112,32 kg
Titik P = T = (A4 + A5) x 3 x 16
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 112,32 kg
Titik Q = S = (A5 + A6) x 3 x 16
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 112,32 kg
Titik R = (A6 + A7) x 3 x 16
= (2,34+2,34) x 3 x 16
= 112,32 kg
Tabel 3. 1 Pembebanan
berat
TITIK berat
BERAT penutup berat beban pembulata
BUHU air jumlah
SENDIRI atap+gordi plafond hidup n
L hujan
ng
A 7.13625 195.848 54 110.72 100 467.704 470
B 7.13625 195.848 54 110.72 100 467.704 470
C 7.13625 108 100 215.136 220
D
E 7.13625 108 100 215.136 220
F
G 7.13625 108 100 215.136 220
H
I 7.13625 120.096 110.72 100 337.952 350
J
K 7.13625 120.096 110.72 100 337.952 350
L
M
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
Y
W
X 7.13625 107.073 110.72 100 324.930 330
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 (3+4) (3+5) -6 -7
A1 1.73 -1690 -143.95 95.94 -1833.95 -1594.06 -1833.95
A2 1.73 -1690 -175.96 159.99 -1865.96 -1530.01 -1865.96
-2000
A3 1.73 -1690 64.13 -48.16 -1625.87 -1738.16 -1738.16
A4 1.73 -1690 128.15 -80.17 -1561.85 -1770.17 -1770.17
B1 1.5 1463 166.23 110.82 1629.23 1573.82 1629.23
B2 1.5 1463 166.23 110.82 1629.23 1573.82 1629.23
1700
B3 1.5 1463 166.23 110.82 1629.23 1573.82 1629.23
B4 1.5 1463 166.23 110.82 1629.23 1573.82 1629.23
D1 1.73 -576 63.96 -127.92 -512.04 -703.92 -703.92
D2 1.73 -576 127.94 -63.96 -448.06 -639.96 -639.96 -750
V1 0.87 -220 0 0 -220 -220 -220 -220
V2 1.73 -795 0.085 -223.84 -794.915 -1018.84 -1018.84 -1100
V3 0.87 -220 0 0 -220 -220 216 -220
BAB IV
PENDIMENSIAN BATANG
57
kaki ().
4.1 Ketentuan dan Rumus yang digunakan
(Berdasarkan PPBBI 1983 hal 20 22)
Kontrol tegangan
Pmaks
ytb =
2F
Kelangsingan batang tarik
L
x = i maks , maks 240 (konstruksi aman)
x
L
i = maks
imin
Lk
1 = i
Iy1 = 2 [Iy + F (e + )2 ]
2
I y1
iy =
2F
iy = ( y ) 2 m 2 (1 ) 2
a = (e + )
Momen pada plat kopel
59
M = T . C
IP Il
>10 (PPBBI 1983 hal 21)
a Ll
w
Lk = L = 1.73 m = 173 cm d
Kontrol
Lk 173
x 81,904 < 140 ......................................... (aman)
ix 1.05
Lk 173
1 124,47 > 50 ...................... ..(perlu plat kopel)
i 0.68
Lk 173
L1 43,5cm
n 4
L1 43,5
1 50.00 cm = 50 ...................... (aman)
i 0.87
0,5 2
Iy1 = 2 [Iy + F (e + )2 ] = 2 [7.83 + 4,3 (1,28 + ) ] = 27.20 cm4
2 2
I y1 27,20
iy 1,778 cm
2F 2 x 2,67
Lk 173
y 97,27
iy 1,778
m 2
iy ( y ) 2 (1 ) 2 (97,27) 2 (50) 2 109,37 <140.............( AMAN)
2 2
Syarat :
1,2 1 = 1,2 x 50.00 = 60.00
x 1,2 1 81.90 > 60.00 ..............................................................(aman)
iy 1,2 1 109.37 > 60.00 ................................................................(aman)
81.90(1.632 1.632)
x (81.90 ) 1,632 1.643
82.00 x1.632
x = 81,90 diperoleh = 1,643
Kontrol tegangan :
P 1.643 2000
ytb 456,393kg / cm 2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
2 Fn 2 4,3
Jarak baut :
1,5d = 1,5 x 1 = 1,5 cm
3d = 3 x 1 = 3 cm
23
baja = 1600 kg/cm 2
baut = 1600 kg/cm2
15 30 15
3T 3T 3 608,39
ytb 327,09kg / cm 21
2F 2t h 2 0,3 6
ytb = 327,09 kg/cm2 < 0,58. = 0,58 x 1600 kg/cm2 = 928 kg/cm2
............(Aman)
Gaya yang bekerja pada baut
T 608,39
Kv 304,20 arah vertikal
n 2
M .y 1414,51 (1,5)
Kh 299,52kg arah horizontal
x y
2 2
2 2 (1,5) 2
23
15 30 15
X
Kontrol kekuatan baut :
Terhadap geser
= 0,6 PPBBI 1984 hal 68
Pgsr = d2 n 0,6 n = jumlah bidang geseran
= x 1 x 1 x 0,6 x 1600
Pgsr = 1882,241 kg > R = 426,9 kg ......................(Aman)
Terhadap tumpuan
tu = 1,5 (untuk S1 2d) PPBBI 1983 hal 68
tu = 1,2 (untuk 1,5d S1 2d)
Ptu = d x t x 1,2 x t = tebal plat
= 1 x 0,6 x 1,2 x 1600
Ptu = 1820,16 kg > R = 426,9 kg (Aman)
63
Jadi ukuran plat kopel b = 9,3 cm, h = 6 cm, t = 0,3 cm aman untuk
digunakan.
45
3
48
93
Lk 150
ix 0,625 cm
240 r 1
w
Dipilih profil 30.30.3 d
F = 1.74 cm2 v
b
i = 0,57 cm w
45
e = 0.84 cm x x
r
I = 0.57 cm4 e d
r 1
Ix = Iy = 1.41 cm4 e
w = 2.12 cm b
y
64
ix = iy = 0,90 cm
Kontrol
Lx 150
x 166.67 max 240 .....................................(aman)
ix 0.9
Lk 150
1 263.16 max 240 .....................................(aman)
i 0.57
P 1700
ytb 488,506kg / cm 2 1600 kg / cm 2 .......(aman)
2F 2 1,74
b. Batang V1 dan V3
Gaya design P = 220 kg (tekan)
Lk = L = 0.86 m = 86 cm
max = 140 Untuk batang tekan ( PPBBI 1983 )
Lk 86
i = imin = = =0.61 cm
maks 140
Lk 86
Jumlah Lapangan, n 2,73 3 lapangan
Lmax 34
Lk 173
L1 62.5cm
n 3
L1 62.5
1 50.00 cm = 50 ...................... (aman)
i 0.68
0,5 2
Iy1 = 2 [Iy + F (e + )2 ] = 2 [2.96 + 2.67 (1.00 + ) ] = 11.594 cm4
2 2
I y1 11.594
iy 1.473 cm
2F 2 2.67
Lk 86
y 58.37
iy 1.473
m 2
iy ( y ) 2 (1 ) 2 (58.37) 2 (50) 2 76.85 <140.............( AMAN)
2 2
Syarat :
1,2 1 = 1,2 x 50.00 = 60.00
x 1,2 1 81.90 > 60.00 ..............................................................(aman)
iy 1,2 1 76.85 > 60.00 ................................................................(aman)
ytb = 23.936 kg/cm2 < 0,58. = 0,58 x 1600 kg/cm2 = 928 kg/cm2
............(Aman)
67
5.2626
A3 1 4 173 3.38 0.9
45.45.4 97x6x3 6
5.2626
A4 1 4 173 3.38 0.9
45.45.4 97x6x3 6
B1 30.30.3 1 - - 150 1.36 0.9 1.836
B2 30.30.3 1 - - 150 1.36 0.9 1.836
B3 30.30.3 1 - - 150 1.36 0.9 1.836
B4 30.30.3 1 - - 150 1.36 0.9 1.836
5.2626
D1 1 4 173 3.38 0.9
45.45.4 97x6x3 6
5.2626
D2 1 4 173 3.38 0.9
45.45.4 97x6x3 6
V1 35.35.4 1 3 75x6x3 86 2.1 0.9 1.6254
5.2626
V2 1 4 173 3.38 0.9
45.45.4 97x6x3 6
V3 35.35.4 1 3 75x6x3 86 2.1 0.9 1.6254
47.433
Jumlah 34 19.83
42
BAB V
ZETTING
1
f max L (PPBBI, 1983)
180
dimana :
L = panjang bentang kuda-kuda
panjan
Beban E
Batan g F
S (ton) Luar (kg/cm2 SF(cm)
g batan (kg) )
(cm2)
g (cm)
1 2 3 3
0.1497
A1 173 -1 -2000 210000 11 8
0.1497
A2 173 -1 -2000 210000 11 8
0.1497
A3 173 -1 -2000 210000 11 8
0.1497
A4 173 -1 -2000 210000 11 8
0.8660 0.6043
H1 150 3 1700 210000 1.74 7
0.8660 0.6043
H2 150 3 1700 210000 1.74 7
0.8660 0.6043
H3 150 3 1700 210000 1.74 7
0.8660 0.6043
H4 150 3 1700 210000 1.74 7
V1 173 0 -220 210000 2.67 0
0.0561
V2 173 -1 -750 210000 11 7
V3 86 0 -220 210000 2.67 0
DI 173 0 -750 210000 11 0
D2 86 0 -750 210000 11 0
3.0727
penurunan (< 3,33) 9
BAB VI
PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN
tr = 0,7
Tegangan tumpu yang diizinkan :
tu = 1,5 ( untuk S1 2d )
tu = 1,2 ( untuk 1,5d S1 2d )
dimana :
S1 = Jarak dari sumbu baut yang paling luar ke tepi bagian yang
disambung
Pgsr > Ptu, maka perhitungan jumlah baut didasarkan pada harga Ptu dengan rumus :
P
n=
Ptu
dimana:
n = jumlah baut
P = Beban / gaya yang bekerja
Ptu = Kekuatan baut terhadap geser
Batang B1 (Tarik)
PB1 tr = 1700 kg
1700
n = 376,8 = 4,5 5 baut 1 cm
Batang V1 (Tekan)
PV1 tk = 220 kg
220
n = 376,8 = 0,5 2 baut 3/4"
Batang V2 (Tekan)
PV2tk = 1100 kg
1100
n = 376,8 = 2,9 3 baut 3/4"
Batang D1 = D2 (Tekan)
PD1 tk = 750 kg
750
n = 376,8 = 1,9 2 baut 3/4"
Batang D1 (Tekan)
PD1 tk = 750 kg
74
n = 2 baut 3/4"
PV1 tk 220 kg
n = 2 Baut 3/4"
Batang V2 (Tekan)
PV2 tr= 1100 kg
n = 3 baut 3/4"
75
BAB VII
PERHITUNGAN KUBIKASI
76