This study examines the impact of Information Technology (IT) skills of Male and Female Secretarial
Teachers in Nigerian Colleges of Education and their ability to utilize the Internet for Effective Lecture
Delivery. 250 Secretarial Teachers drawn from 58 Accredited Nigerian Colleges of Education responded
to the questionnaire that was divided into 4 parts. The questionnaire was used to obtained information
on the respondents Bio-data and computer use background, Teacher Information Technology Skill
Acquisition Competence (TITSC), Teacher Information Technology Skills Usage (TITSU), Teacher
Information Technology Internet Knowledge (TITIK), and The extent of usage of Internet information to
teach the Secretarial courses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Student t-test at 0.05
level of significance. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the Male and
Female Secretarial Teachers in the utilization of their IT skills to access information from the Internet for
classroom delivery. The result further revealed lack of basic IT skills needed to adequately equip the
male and the female Secretarial Teachers with ability to download and upload quality information and
teach students how to do that. Owing to the lack of these IT skills therefore, the teachers were not
capable in accessing Internet by using some Information Technology facilities to get vital information
for effective classroom delivery. it was therefore recommended that, Colleges of Education in Nigeria
should ensure that they encourage all Secretarial Teachers to learn and acquire those IT skills they are
lacking, because the more the Information Technology skills they possess, the greater their ability to
use Internet for effective teaching.
INTRODUCTION
Informal observation reveals that Information Technology Okoli (2007), it is changing the learning experiences of
has had more impact on administrative service and the students by relaxing time and space constraints as well
private sector as they are used for admissions, as providing easier access to information on-line, journals
registrations, fee payment, purchasing than on the and e-books. The Nigerian Colleges of Education in
fundamentals of classroom teaching and learning. In Nigeria have been established to provide professionally
view of this fact, the Information Technology is yet to qualified non-graduate teachers who will teach in the
revolutionize the classroom. According to Gambari and primary and secondary schools of Nigeria. The
Certificate awarded is Nigeria Certificate in Education
(NCE) in various disciplines which cut across Social
Sciences, Languages, Sciences, Vocational and
*Corresponding Author E-mail: shinatundejoe@yahoo.com; Technical Education.
Tel: 234-8036146596 With the inclusion of computer appreciation and com-
Adeshina et al. 633
puter application into Secretarial Education Curriculum replenishment of its teaching stock. In the same vein,
for implementation in the Nigerian Colleges of Education, poor teachers will beget poor students and resultant
acquisition of IT competencies and ability to utilize such effect will be poorer future teachers.
competencies became imperative. Therefore, if Teachers can only pass on skills and ideas to the
secretarial teachers are to graduate students that would learners if they acquire the relevant job experience of
be relevant in the secretarial world of work, they must their trade, and they are at the centre of transmitting such
possess and utilize these skills effectively. However, it is knowledge and strive for developments in their
not clear whether all the secretarial teachers have the disciplines. Olakulehin (2007) expressed an unfortunate
Information Technology skills, hence the need to assess situation in Nigeria where most teachers had minimal or
the level of their IT skills and to see how much of it they no skills in Information Technology, hence this generation
have been able to use to access information from the cannot survive the challenges postulated by the
Internet for effective teaching delivery and production of contemporary social realities with this level of ignorance,
IT compliant products. technophobia and Information paranoia of the teaching
It is important to note that there has to be a force. Effective utilization of Information Technology
relationship between the skill possessions by these skills by the Secretarial Teachers secures relevant
Secretarial Teachers and ability to use for teaching information that would broaden the horizon of students
delivery, before there can be a drive towards having an and enlarge the frontiers of knowledge. It also enables
improved teaching pedagogy. The use of IT to teach the products enter into the electronic secretarial
certainly has an advantage over the traditional method of profession and advance in it with little or no supervision,
depending on outdated books to teach. The more the IT and ultimately get them to compete well with their
skills possessed by Secretarial Teachers, the more the contemporaries globally.
ability to seek for more detailed up-to-date and relevant
information that will promote effective teaching delivery
and vice versa. Objective of the Study
Secretarial teachers should be able to build their
Information Technology capacity and be effective. ICDL The objective of this study is to determine the difference
Africa (2009) admitted that the majority of the teachers between male and female secretarial teachers in the use
and students in Nigeria remained largely unexposed to of Information Technology skills to access information
the new technology up till today and there is a lack of well from the internet for classroom delivery.
defined programme for Information Technology
development or upgrading. More importantly there is a
lack of widely accepted standards by which skills and Research Question
qualifications in the new and rapidly changing field of
Information Technology can be measured. Leverpool What is the difference between male and female
(2002) also agreed by observing that Information secretarial teachers in the use of Information Technology
Technology invasion into the educational system skills to access information from the internet for
particularly in Africa has been particularly slow. classroom delivery?
Leverpool (2002) also posited that, Information
Technology represents an opportunity to those who can
respond to the new paradigm and a threat to those who Research Hypothesis
cannot. Suffice it to say that, a teacher without
Information Technology skills and the ability to use it may The null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of
not be relevant in the modern teaching industry. significance:
The net effect of not using the Internet to teach There is no significant difference between male and
secretarial studies, as observed in this study is that, the female secretarial teachers in the use of Information
quality of output of secretarial education teachers will be Technology skills to access information from the internet
of low standard and this has implications for the for classroom delivery..
secretarial profession and national development. The
quality of the secretarial education graduates would be
low, because of inability of the secretarial teachers to use METHODS
the internet facilities hence, affecting secretarial
profession, as employers would have no confidence in The study is survey design with 250 Secretarial
these types of graduates. They would be seen as (Business Education) Teachers drawn from 58 accredited
incompetent hence the job opportunities would be lost, Nigerian Colleges of Education. No sampling was done
which ultimately would make Nigeria as a nation to suffer. because of the small size of the target population.
Afemikhe (2004) stated that good teachers would beget However, out of the 250 Secretarial Teachers, only 225
good students from which the system can get a Secretarial Teachers responded to the questionnaire that
634 Educ. Res.
was divided into 4 parts. Questionnaire was used to sed using simple percentage and student t-test.
obtained information on the respondents Bio-data and
computer use background, Teacher Information
Technology Skill Acquisition Competence (TITSC), Analyses of Bio Data
Teacher Information Technology Skills Usage (TITSU),
Teacher Information Technology Internet Knowledge Table 1 showed that out of the 225 Secretarial Teachers
(TITIK), and The extent of usage of Internet information that responded to the questionnaire, there were 131
to teach the Secretarial courses. The items were scored males which represented 58.2%, while 94 females
using 4 point scale as follows: Adequately Skilled = 4, responded which represented 41.8%. The result here
Skilled 3, Fairly Skilled = 2, Not Skilled =1; Very Well = 4, shows that there are more male teachers than the female
Well = 3, Fairly Well = 2, Not at all = 1, Very teachers to teach Secretarial Education in the Nigerian
Knowledgeable = 4, Knowledgeable = 3, Fairly Colleges of Education. There is need to encourage the
Knowledgeable = 2, Not Knowledgeable = 1; Very Often participation of more female teachers to teach Secretarial
= 4, Often = 3, Occasionally = 2, Never = 1; Very Much = Studies in Colleges of Education, because it will lead to
4, Much = 3, Little = 2, Not at all = 1. The STITB the achievement of the national objective of an egalitarian
Instrument was validated through pilot study in Kaduna society as contained in the National Policy on Education.
and Zaria Polytechnics using graduates of Secretarial (FGN, 2004)
Business Education and whose colleges also run similar Table 2 shows that in the next nine (9) years from
secretarial programmes as in the Nigerian Colleges of here when Nigeria would have become one of the 20
Education. The reliability coefficient of 0.90 was developed economies, only 11 lecturers out of the current
obtained. The research instruments were administered respondents would have been out of the system by
by the researcher on 250 Secretarial Teachers with the reason of retirement from their respective places of
assistance of 12 field assistants, however, only 225 employment. These 11 lecturers fall within the clusters of
participants returned the instrument duly completed. ages 55-59 (9) (4.0%) and 59 and above (2) (0.9%). The
remaining 212 lecturers that would carry on with
Secretarial Education Teacher service delivery into the
RESULTS 20:20:20 vision and beyond would still impact positively,
with the ICT skills they possess, on the students currently
Tables 1 through 10 show the results. Data were analy-
Adeshina et al. 635
in the programme and potential students. Nigeria are not only equipped with qualified Teachers
Table 3 showed that showed that the Colleges of who had rose to become senior academics, but their
Education in Nigeria are equipped with qualified post years of teaching experience attested for them. These
graduate teachers to teach the secretarial Education. lecturers that have at least four years of teaching
This will go a long way to offset any deficiencies in experience sum up to 87.1%, who by regulation have
curriculum, in textbooks and in equipment. their appointments confirmed.
Table 4 revealed that the Colleges of Education in Table 6 showed something very impressive on the
Nigeria are equipped with qualified teachers that are also part of these teachers. The result indicated that many of
well advanced in their teaching experiences as could be them that had no computer literacy made personal effort
seen in their respective ranks. The Colleges of to acquire the skills. This effort supports or agreed with
Education are not bottom heavy as there are 52.4% the recommendations of Ugwuanyi and Eze (2009), that,
Senior Academics that can mentor the other 47.6% for a teachers are expected to make personal efforts to have
positive teaching learning processes. their own personal computers and engage private
Table 5 showed that the Colleges of Education in teachers where possible. This will make them become
636 Educ. Res.
Gender N x SD Remark
Male 131 2.58 0.67 Skilled
Female 94 2.63 0.62 Skilled
Source: Field Survey, 2011
useful in the IT compliant classroom, as they will be able female Secretarial Teachers have acquired that are
to teach effectively, giving quality information obtained lacking in the Male secretarial teachers.
from the internet. The result in Table 9 showed that the male and female
Table 7 reveals the respondents computer secretarial teachers well utilized their ICT skills to access
accessibility. The result was commendable as they had information from the Internet for classroom delivery;
access. It is important to note that there are some however, the mean score for the Male teachers at 2.62
Colleges of Education that collaborate with computer was higher than the Females Secretarial Teachers in
sales depot and Information Technology service their IT skill usage to access information from the
providers. This partly explains for the improved internet. There was a difference of 0.08 in their mean
accessibility of teachers to computer. The learning of ratings. Although Table 8 showed that the female were
Information Technology skills will only be meaningful to more IT skilled than the male, nevertheless, Table 9
the extent that equipment for teaching are available and indicated that the male utilized their IT skills more than
functional. the female teachers to access information from the
Table 8 showed that the male and female secretarial Internet for classroom delivery. The result revealed that
teachers were IT skilled, gender has not affected the the IT skills possessed by these teachers have an effect
secretarial teachers from being IT competent; however, in their usage, as was seen that, they were able to put
the mean score for female teachers in their IT into use what skills they possessed to access information
competence was higher with 2.63 than the mean score from the Internet. There is a relationship between skill
for male teachers at 2.58. There was a difference of 0.05 possession and usage before it translates to effective
in their mean rating. This difference puts the female at a teaching. The implication of this result is that the male
comparative advantage over the male in being IT secretarial teachers will be more effective in their ability
competent. It shows there are some IT skills that the to use Internet for classroom teaching than the female
Adeshina et al. 637
Gender N x SD Remark
Male 131 2.62 0.77 Well used
Female 94 2.54 0.76 Well used
Source: Field Survey, 2011
secretarial teachers, as those IT skills that are not put to software, ability to use voice recognition system and
use cannot access any quality information from the ability to operate other different technologies and
Internet. appreciate their benefits. This is all because they are
From Table 10, it was observed that the t-critical deficient in the acquisition of the relevant and requisite IT
(1.96) is greater than the t-cal (0.781). The difference skills that will help them to operate in these skillful areas.
observed was therefore not significant. Meaning that, the The findings of this research concerning the
difference between the means of the two groups is not comparative advantage the male teachers have over the
different, given the variability. There was no significant female teachers in their ability to use IT for classroom
difference between the Male and Female Secretarial delivery obtains support from what Nolan, Harden and
Teachers in the utilization of their IT skills to access Malsbury (1976) as cited by Oladebo (1987) said that no
information from the Internet for classroom delivery. The curriculum however well written they may be, however
Null Hypothesis is therefore retained, because there is a costly it may be, will compensate for a poor business
positive result. These results suggest that the IT skills teacher. On the other hand, good business teachers will
that male and female secretarial teachers possess do more than offset deficiencies in curriculum, in textbooks
have some effect on their ability to access information and in equipment. This assertion attests to the important
from the Internet for classroom delivery. Specifically, role the secretarial (business) education teacher plays in
these results suggest that when more IT skills are the development of a viable secretarial (Business)
possessed by the Secretarial Teachers, their capacity is education programme. With professionally sound and
increased to access information from the Internet for motivated secretarial (Business) education teachers,
classroom delivery. many deficiencies in the curriculum and the instructional
facilities could be corrected.
The study revealed that, secretarial teachers
DISCUSSION possessed some degree of IT skills; nevertheless they
were deficient in some very key requisite and important
There were more of Male Teachers than Female IT skill area thereby making it difficult for these secretarial
Teachers to teach Secretarial Education in the Colleges teachers to get quality information from the Internet that
of Education in Nigeria, and it was found out that the will support them in giving quality and effective
Female Teachers were more IT skillful than the Male instructional delivery. This in turn will produce competent
Teachers, yet the Colleges of Education have more Male self reliant products that will also become effective and
teachers than the female teachers. Although, 42% productive in classroom delivery.
female teachers is very good. Secretarial Teachers Ikelegbe (2007) supported this assertion that,
showed that they were skilled and competent in all areas education in Nigeria today cannot be relevant without
of Information Technology (IT) except in the following: effective preparation of new generation of pupils and
ability to operate data base, ability to extract relevant students to effectively acquire competencies in the use
information using integrated software packages, ability to and operation of the new Information Technology (IT) in
extract information using electronic mails and application their professional practices. It is suffice to say therefore,
638 Educ. Res.