0.7
e-p diagram with compresion pressure, p (MPa) Static penetration Standard pentration
100 150 200 Xuyn tnh, Mpa Xuyn chun, N
1.139 1.099 1.067 0.84 5
0.987 0.947 0.915 1.08 6
0.735 0.718 0.704 6.3 22
0.72 0.703 0.689 20.1 45
Q (T)
12.50
7.9
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION
B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio s =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =
Ir = Es/[2(1+s)q'tan'] Ir =
n=
=
Irr = Ir/(1+Ir Irr =
Fqc =
Qp =
b/ By SPT: Qp = kcqcAc
SPT capacity to point bearing capacity translation factor kc =
Qp(SPT) =
2/ Qs calculation (Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
a/ By Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Layer 1 (Loose Sand) with SdL =
Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
' =
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (530') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 530') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(1) =
b/ By SPT:
Allowable load Qall(SPT) = (Qp(SPT) + Qs(SPT))/2,5 =
Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Pilecap's self weight W1 = LWHConcrete =
Number of piles: 2
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 0 -1.05 0 1.1025
2 0 1.05 0 1.1025
Sum 0 2.205
To be conservative, use P=
2/ Reinforcement
a/ Bottom reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax = 0
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 9 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along y direction, Mmax = (P1)0,7m Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 25 As,pro =
Number of bars 12
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ Top reinforcement
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 9 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Maximum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 12 As,req =
Number of bars 4 As,pro =
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
C/ SHEAR CHECKING
1/ One way shear
a/ In y direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ bxd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
2/ Two way shear
Critical perimeter exceeds the short edge => no need to check
3/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 5
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 7
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
As,min = As,min =
{(0,005_, _0,5^2@25
^2,
0,5^2_1^2@0,0025_,
Use, 10 bars_ 1
with ) mm, As,min As,prov 0,08Ac
= 18
^2 As,prov=
2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=
B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =
2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =
Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =
0.38
45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21
1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7
500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
53.6 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.5 eq 3.30
457 kN/m2
54.86 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0086 eq 12.14
37.3
eq 12.10
0.48 eq 12.17
9255 kN
0.3 TCVN
10304:2014
20100 kN
6030 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
7Ed Braja Das
2.2 m
5.5
0.90
0.07
37.77
63.52
111 kN/m2
13 kN
10 m
9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN
0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN
6.50 m
37.5
0.39
0.49
358.13
487.48
846 kN/m2
308 kN
678 kN
3311 kN
2.20 m
f
14
18
105
134
2471 kN
3973.08 kN
3400.55 kN
3401 kN
2
3.3 m
1.2 m
0.94
1.5 m
25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2
5675 kN
689 250
250
149 kN
5824 kN
P (kN)
2584 Adequate
3240 Adequate
3240 kN
0.025 m
102 mm
90 mm
0.025 m
3240 kN
0.85
2827 kN
891
3585
235 mm2
117 mm2
565 Adequate
326 mm
1346 mm2
673 mm2
792 Adequate
217 mm
e 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
3240 kN
1924 mm2
350 mm
306 mm
10
18 mm
1
0.8
0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015
512.66
314.57
512.66 kNm
3240 kN
7402 kN
0 kNm
350 mm
700 mm
330051 mm2
6116 kN
473 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 48
157 39
157 15
137 13
55 14
-157 -48
350 mm
462 mm
206121 mm2
3723 kN
607 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 48
157 39
157 15
14 1
-110 -27
-157 -48
350 mm
350 mm
143751 mm2
2444 kN
513 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
157 39
101 10
-101 -10
-157 -39
-79 -24
350 mm
150 mm
43909 mm2
394 kN
177 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
119 29
-157 -15
-157 -15
-157 -39
-79 -24
300 400 500 600 700
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram
7.10.4.2 ACI
(10.5) ACI
10 mm
79 mm2
650 mm
331831 mm2
384845 mm2
0.0061
78 mm
75 mm
4
12
6695 kN
ADEQUATE
(8.10)
1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
33.67363
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
50.51044 mm (8.3)
63.89122 mm
270 mm
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION
B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio ms =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =
Ir = Es/[2(1+s)q'tan'] Ir =
n=
d=
Irr = Ir/(1+Ir Irr =
Fqc =
Qp =
b/ By SPT: Qp = kcqcAc
SPT capacity to point bearing capacity translation factor kc =
Qp(SPT) =
2/ Qs calculation (Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
a/ By Eq 12.23 & 12.36 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Layer 1 (Loose Sand) with SdL =
Qs = Ds(1-sin')tan' Area of effective vertical stress
Where:
' =
1 - sin' = 1 - sin (530') =
tan' = tan 0,7' = tan(0,7 530') (const in L = 35,6 m) =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer top =
Effective vertical stress at top of layer bottom =
Area of effective vertical stress = ( top + bottom)L/2 =
Qs(1) =
b/ By SPT:
Allowable load Qall(SPT) = (Qp(SPT) + Qs(SPT))/2,5 =
Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Pilecap's self weight W1 = LWHConcrete =
Number of piles: 2
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 0 -0.75 0 0.5625
2 0 0.75 0 0.5625
Sum 0 1.125
To be conservative, use P=
2/ Reinforcement
a/ Bottom reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax = 0
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,min =
Number of bars 7 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along y direction, Mmax = (P1)0,7m Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 25 As,pro =
Number of bars 9
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ Top reinforcement
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,req =
Number of bars 7 As,pro =
Spacing = (L-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Along x direction
Side cover ds =
As,prov > As,min Adequate
Minimum spacing smin =
Use: Diameter 25 As,req =
Number of bars 4 As,pro =
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
C/ SHEAR CHECKING
1/ One way shear
a/ In y direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ bxd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
2/ Two way shear
Critical perimeter exceeds the short edge => no need to check
3/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 4
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 12 As,pro =
Number of bars 5
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 5 loops, spacing is 260mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
As,min = Max( 0,15Nsd/fyd ; 0,003Ac) As,min =
Use, 14 bars with = 18 mm, As,min As,prov 0,08Ac As,prov=
2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=
B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =
2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =
Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =
Lap length
_=_1 _2 _3 _4 _6 _(,)_(,)
The effect of the form of the bars 1 =
The effect of concrete minimum cover 2 =
The effect of confinement by tranverse reinforcement 3 =
The influnce of welded transverse bars 4 =
percentage of lapped bar _6= (_1/25) ^0,5=
Bar diameter =
Desgin stress of the bar sd =
The coefficent rated to quality and position of bar 1 =
the coefficent related to diameter 2 =
fctk, 0,05 =
Thw coefficent of longterm effects ct =
The partial safety factor for concrete c =
The design tensile strength fctd =
Ultimate bond stress fbd =
the required anchorage length lb,rqd =
lbd =
l0,min =
37.5
1.3 m
30 m
28.8 m
0.5
8 kN/m2
0.20
45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21
1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7
500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
47.4 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.4 eq 3.30
519 kN/m2
48.30 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0097 eq 12.14
32.9
eq 12.10
0.45 eq 12.17
5024 kN
0.3 TCVN
10304:2014
20100 kN
6030 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
7Ed Braja Das
2.4 m
5.5
0.90
0.07
41.20
63.52
126 kN/m2
14 kN
10 m
9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN
0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN
9.50 m
37.5
0.39
0.49
358.13
547.18
905 kN/m2
329 kN
701 kN
1908 kN
1.57 m
f
14
18
105
134
2401 kN
2290.11 kN
3372.45 kN
2290 kN
1.668
2.5 m
1 m
1.07
1.3 m
25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2
3820.995 kN
375
150
81 kN
3902 kN
P (kN)
1701 Adequate
2201 Adequate
2201 kN
0.025 m
116 mm
110 mm
0.025 m
2201 kN
0.85
1833 kN
2069
3592
798 mm2
399 mm2
452 Adequate
354 mm
1069 mm2
534 mm2
565 Adequate
266 mm
250 mm
206 mm
14
18 mm
1
0.8
0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015
279.75
188.18
279.75 kNm
2201 kN
4542 kN
0 kNm
250 mm
500 mm
168394 mm2
3577 kN
230 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 32
157 29
157 20
157 7
153 7
-67 -9
250 mm
321 mm
101626 mm2
2298 kN
291 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 32
157 29
157 20
136 6
29 1
-67 -9
250 mm
250 mm
73342 mm2
1561 kN
242 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 16
157 29
157 20
69 3
-69 -3
-79 -10
250 mm
150 mm
36236 mm2
552 kN
148 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 16
157 29
71 9
-135 -6
-157 -7
-79 -10
150 200 250 300 350
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram
7.10.4.2 ACI
(10.5) ACI
10 mm
79 mm2
450 mm
159043 mm2
196350 mm2
0.0089
77 mm
75 mm
(8.11)
1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
44.84232
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
67.26348 mm (8.3)
85.08232 mm
270 mm
I/ BEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATION
A/ SOIL CLASSIFICATION
Assume : Lg = 10.85 m
Bg = 5 m
n1 = 4
n2 = 2
B/ LOADING
1/ Qp calculation
a/ By Eq 12.4 Principles of foundation engineering 7Ed Braja Das
Friction angle ' =
Pile cap depth =
Pile tip depth =
Pile lengh L=
Db =
Cohesion (Layer 5) c' =
Qp = Ap[c'NcFcsFcdFcc + q'(Nq-1)FqsFqdFqc]
Cross-sectional area of pile Ap =
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nq = tan2(45 + '/2)etan' Nq =
Nc = 2(Nq-1)cot' Nc =
Shape Factor
Fcs = 1 + (Nq/Nc) Fcs =
Fqs = 1 + tan' Fqs =
Depth Factor
Fcd = Fqd - (1-Fqd)/(Nctan') (For' > 0) Fcd =
C = 2tan'(1- sin ')2 C=
Fqd = 1 + C tan-1(L/Db) Fqd =
Compressibility Factors
m=
pa =
Drained modulus of elasticity of soil E s = mpa Es =
Poisson's ratio ms =
Shear modulus Gs = Es/[2(1+s)] Gs =
Ir = Gs/(c' +q'tan') Ir =
Icr = 0,5 exp[2,85cot(45-'/2)] (B=L=1) Icr =
Fcc =
Chosen depth H=
2/ Material
Concrete density Concrete =
Concrete compressive strength fc'=
Steel yield strength fy =
B/ DESIGN (Based on ACI)
1/ Design piles load
Vertical load N=
C1 Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Vertical load N=
C2 Moment X-X Mx =
Moment Y-Y My =
Number of piles: 8
Pile x (m) y (m) x2 y2
1 -4.85 2 23.5225 4
2 -2 2 4 4
3 2 2 4 4
4 5 2 25 4
5 -4.85 -2 23.5225 4
6 -2 -2 4 4
7 2 -2 4 4
8 5 -2 25 4
Sum 113.045 32
To be conservative, use P=
Shear
3 4 5
Moment
3 4 5
1
2/ Reinforcement
a/ 1St strip
Bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 32 As,pro =
Number of bars 42
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 10 As,pro =
Number of bars 30
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
b/ 2nd strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 32 As,pro =
Number of bars 40
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along x direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 10 As,pro =
Number of bars 12
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
c/ 3rd strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along ydirection, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
d/ 4th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 30
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
e/ 5th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 34
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
f/ 6th strip
bot reinforcement L=
B=
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along y direction, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Bottom Cover =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 20
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
Top reinforcement
Assume column edge to be fixed support
Along ydirection, Mmax Mmax =
Side cover ds =
Effective depth d d=
As,req = Mmax/(0.9fy0.95d) As,req =
Minimum spacing smin =
As,prov > Max(As,req;As,min) Adequate As,min=
Use: Diameter 28 As,pro =
Number of bars 10
Spacing = (W-2ds-bar diameter)/(No of bars -1) s=
Choosing s=
3/ One way shear
In x direction
Shear force Vu = P Vu =
Modification factor =
Concrete shear capacity Vn =[ byd(f'c)1/2]/6 > Vu Vc =
Vc < Vu => Inadequate
Shear capacity of stirrupts Vs = Avfyd/s Vs =
Total shear capacity Vn = (Vc + Vs) Vn =
Vn > Vu => Adequate
4/ Horizontal Binders
a/ Along x direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 16 As,pro =
Number of bars 21
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
S=
b/ Along y direction
Abinder,req = 25% Abottom,req Abd,req =
For one side of pile cap, Abd,req (one side) = Abd,req/2 Abd,req =
As,prov > As,req Adequate
Use: Diameter 16 As,pro =
Number of bars 14
Spacing S = (H-100-25-bar diameters)/(No of bars -1) S=
S=
c/ Using loops as horizontal binders, number of loops is chosen to be 7 loops, spacing is 190mm
III/ PILE REINFORCEMENT
A/ INPUT DATA
From Equation 5.13 ENV 1992-1-1,
Axial Load = Maximum axial between two piles NEd =
{(0,005_, _0,5^2@25
As,min = As,min =
^2,
0,5^2_1^2@0,0025_,
Use, 10 1^2
_bars with) = 18 mm, A A 0,08A As,prov=
s,min s,prov c
2/ Section properties
Pile radius R=
Distance between center of pile & longitudinal bar r=
Number of longitudinal bars nbars =
Diameter of longitudinal bar =
Concrete stress block parameters =
=
3/ Materials
Ultimate strain of concrete cu2 =
Cylindrical strength of concrete fck =
Partial safety factor for concrete strength c =
Yield streingth of steel bars fyk =
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es =
Partial safety factor for steel strength s =
Ultimate strain of steel steel, ultimate = fyk/(Ess) steel, ultimate=
B/ CHECKING
1/ Loading
Final moment over x axis Mfx = Mx - FyH Mfy =
Final moment over y axis Mfy = My + FxH Mfx =
Bending moment = Maximum values of Mfx and Mfy MEd =
Axial Load = Maximum axial load acting on two piles NEd =
2/ Interaction Diagram
a/ Pure compression point A
NRd = (0,85fck/c)(Agross - Asteel) + fykAsteel NRd =
MRd =
b/ Random point before Balance failure B
Plastic neutral axis xp =
Elastic neutral axis x=
Compression area of concrete stress block Ac =
Axial load capacity NRd =
Moment capacity MRd =
Diameter of spiral ds =
Area of spiral reinforcement as =
Plan view diameter of the spiral loop Dch =
Plan view area inside loop perimeter Ach = Dch2/4 =
Gross area of pile section Ag = D2/4 = R2 Ag =
Spiral reinforcement ratio rs = 0,45(Ag/Ach - 1)c/fy s =
s = Volume of spiral in one loop/Volume of core for a unitlength of S
s = 4as(Dch-ds)/(Dch2S) S = 4as(Dch-ds)/(sDch2) S=
25 mm < S < 75 mm. (7.10.4.3 ACI318). Hence, Sprov =
0.79
45.8 eq 3.20
58.4 eq 3.21
1.37
0.23 eq 12.8
1.36 eq 12.7
500
100 kN/m2
50000
0.3
19231
43.7 eq 3.28
59.8 eq 3.29
0.4 eq 3.30
563 kN/m2
44.54 eq 12.11
0.0019 eq 12.15
0.0105 eq 12.14
30.3
eq 12.10
0.43 eq 12.17
20835 kN
ngineering 7Ed Braja Das)
Ed Braja Das
1.2 m
5.5
0.90
0.07
20.60
63.52
50 kN/m2
6 kN
10 m
9.3
0.84
0.11
63.52
230.29
1469 kN/m2
265 kN
0.4
18
1.88
6.8
92 kN
12.80 m
37.5
0.39
0.49
358.13
612.85
971 kN/m2
353 kN
716 kN
57471 kN
4615.227 kN
4615 kN
7
12.5 m
7.8 m
1.23
2.5 m
25 kN/m3
19 N/mm2
355 N/mm2
5675 kN
622 kNm
388 kNm
3895 kN
343 kNm
214 kNm
6094 kN
36919 kN
2957 kNm
1845 kNm
Eurocode 2 6th Edition
2 m
0 m
0 m
32
113
P (kN)
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4615 Adequate
4280 kN
6
12.8 m
4 m
23950 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.38 m
33098 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
96 mm
95 mm
1290 kNm
0.025 m
2.50 m
204 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
775
2356 mm2 Adequate
136 mm
130
12.8 m
4 m
22150 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.38 m
30611 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
100 mm
100 mm
0 kNm
0.025 m
2.50 m
0 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
775
942 mm2 Adequate
358 mm
350
8.0 m
3.2 m
3350 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
4681 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
347 mm
340 mm
4050 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
5428 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate
347 mm
340
8.0 m
3.2 m
13200 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
18443 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
108 mm
100 mm
2900 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
3887 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate
347 mm
340
8.0 m
3.2 m
14900 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
20818 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
20936 mm2 Adequate
95 mm
95 mm
1050 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
1407 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate
347 mm
340
8.0 m
3.2 m
7200 kNm
0.025 m
0.100 m
2.36 m
10060 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
164 mm
160 mm
1427 kNm
0.025 m
2.46 m
1913 mm2
450 mm 7.6.5 ACI
4956
6158 mm2 Adequate
347 mm
340
10700 kN
0.85
6163 kN
21918
24793
8042 mm2
4021 mm2
4222 Adequate
118 mm
100 mm
5205 mm2
2602 mm2
2815 Adequate
181 mm
180 mm
500 mm
456 mm
10
18 mm
1
0.8
0.0035
30 N/mm2
1.5
355 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2
1.15
0.0015
356.74
553.48
553.48 kNm
4280 kN
14212 kN
0 kNm
500 mm
700 mm
452555 mm2
7949 kN
1744 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 72
157 58
157 22
32 4
-90 -33
-157 -72
500 mm
673 mm
431255 mm2
7555 kN
1734 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
157 72
157 58
157 22
18 3
-109 -40
-157 -72
500 mm
350 mm
180020 mm2
2894 kN
985 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
157 34
-10 0
-157 -46
-157 -82
-79 -48
500 mm
150 mm
53385 mm2
483 kN
257 kNm
Axial force Ms
fsAs (kN) (kNm)
79 24
47 10
-157 -1
-157 -46
-157 -82
-79 -48
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
MRd (kNm)
M-N Interaction Diagram
7.10.4.2 ACI
(10.5) ACI
10 mm
79 mm2
950 mm
708822 mm2
785398 mm2
0.0041
80 mm
75 mm
4
12
13505 kN
ADEQUATE
(8.10)
1
1
1
1 T8.2
5) ^0,5=1.264911 (8.11)
18
21.79786
1 (8.2)
1 (8.2)
2 T3.1
1 3.1.6(2)
1.5 2.4.2.4
1.333333 Mpa 3.1.6(2)
3 MPa (8.2)
32.69679 mm (8.3)
41.35853 mm
270 mm