Robert O. Disque, P.E. Structural Engineer » Nostrand Reinhold Company Yuk J Cincom Tron | London | Melboume‘apyne @ Yor wr LITON EDUeATIONAL PUBLISHING. NC Meee crt Me pa ot tone covered By the saps hereon may Be tangas fey tam erby symm iaone (cha, tg toni swing epg o-ses So agirte va aetaens aL comenn farses Tee To Jill Disque‘he rimay purpose ofthis bok ia to provi he practicing engingor and Ado wih atp-by-stop procedues for the pisete design of stel Hvetres. ‘The basi theory of pls design is rested, but the empha on Wear and tho acta selection of member. A speci shaper on con futons a dot ao inked, Exedy, this isa "howto do Took Fora mor exansive dscussion ofthe rssech and erly the ‘wo volered 4 “Plas Deslgn of Stet Gude and Commantan” fine! yt Anorcen Seer ef Ci Erin and he Wig iverch Counet “desig procedures used inthis book ts, forthe mest part, bed on ‘ule pected by tho Arvariean Inetats of Stel Corsucton in Po 2 ff Spocfeaton tor she Deag Fabscston and Erection of Sue. Nl But for Butings” adopted Febrary 12, 1969. ‘The formas a [hye ?wlting to the design of bracing members conform fo these Josonmended by te ASCE-WRC Guide and Commentary. ‘soc, et equal important purpose of this book sw emehiza he ocsty of scot Rae been the authors expres tht many sous |wol sno ao ovey concord with ease sree whan evaluating ith ol ste member, connection or deta, itoncally, om fo ses Qnalyi hae rested i tol structures which ae safe ad | sssoiiak In many eases However, any ext reationship be snl ei neler no een mo eases, an lati rayse” may evan fad a designerRN pee late ee ta CONTENTS ee eerie rn ne Bain era serene ced eee ae ere ae peas ie ae apace aes ee et ica Pit hrc es etme i - 1, ernenari or sraucTuRAL eTEEL ee nein pote 0. Ss esc er 42 Tensile Strength : 18 conprente See 3 $3 feos sos ikersaiais & 1-7 Lood Factors % 18 Probie 6 22 Rone a Bn 3 © Slee Lction = 7 Splice Design a itu Moma =8. COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD 34 a2 33 ees a5 a6 Interaction Reduced Plastic Moment Me UntnatsStongt of Columns with End Moments Design Procedure {Core Design Crs Probleme SINGLE-STORY BRACED FRAMES 43 4 ‘eign Procedure Frome Sabily—Brecing Design Dait=-PA Memon Problems UNBRACED SINGLE-STORY FRAMES 5A 52 23 ay Sate! or Graphic! Method Machorisn o Virtua! Work Matos Moment Salencing Method Probiem= MULTISTORY BRACED FRAMES ia 62 63 64 65 6s. er ‘Vera racing Sytem PA Eoct soit Eauibsum “Joint Rotation Compaiity ‘Gheckeoars Leading brit Convat Design Procedure Problems CONNECTIONS AND DETAILS ‘Brackets an Eeoentic Connections Beam Spies Wilde! Corns Connections ielied Bau-to-Colunn Connections End Pate Connsotons [sign of Hinge Brecing Probieas st ot 3 ners 12 122 124 cr 1m 334 135 a7 150 58 157 168 va 18 188 ‘Appondis A. AISC Specification forthe Design, Feblstion snd ection of Suc! Steal for Budings, Pa 2 Paste Design Appondix 8. Easic Design Alowable Stess Values for ‘Compression Member, ks Ebete Dasign Euler Sess Values F for Compret- sion Members Apporsds O. Plastic Design Seacton Tables ‘Appenix & Column Oasign Chats ‘AppunixF. Moment-Rtaton Cones 3 Appendix. Nomonet Aon 193 195 209 22 2a 2 za 27 ne1 STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL __ STEEL Aveta stat i a ductle mata nd can be designed onthe base ofits Hic o time srngth.” Ducts tht propery ets mate wah Mubies i 0 undergo large deformations witout rapture, Sueno) Aires have abaysistinivay rela on ducity In mary septs of curl sts dosign wih th ease theory, ‘0 exami the sine sea conection between beam and cot Ws te ditty of the conection material wich prevents aeertd Mirus tom being induced note ern, “Ducty ae vane te fehicion sal tem falure when undergoing wtton cared br te Kinin boon ae ot eso, n contrast to asc design ules dct in an ana ‘in material manner. ”‘This rsa in sever sdventges 1 I bets move accuse the Behevior and ulna eepacty ofthe ts in morro fcr of ae.” ‘aly rests n ghar svete 4 sinplr design procadreivohng tingle tts ony 11 s1ness-sream RELATIONSH ©) design considers ony the elie portion and assumes tet ‘voc wsaulnss gocurs whan the esoulsted seas at roy—<—$<— $< —$<= = ite las aires i, teeter Sentero TEES Te iN DN home Iolo point in sho member tases he inl yield at point A. Plastic Msgr ule do cs upto tha beginning fsa hxcening ot plat 8 (Hig 1-10. Figure 1:1(c is am dead svete ein curve forthe potion of the vo up wo point Bana ito asaumd eree- sin curv in laste design ‘ips stain trom points Ato Bis about 15 times the li in Up 4 polo A and represents the ductity of tho ties Tha ein berdeing Fiori point Bs gnored In plas design andi on ace actor of stey ps resin detonation, V2 Tensite strenern ‘hy whines tons fad thet a sts set an rset under the plate Aor ete product ofthe cose sectional area end the maximum sess ini! bor the oneetof sain hardening, PARA on Where = spotified vod atanath of te mate ks ‘AX nat area of eoss secon in eno, Ayton 1.1 inate why secant in eae constuction can often ‘We ally anored. An exaroe i Fig. 1-28 tonion bar welded gusset Hilo ecounticaty.” ‘Ar ihe working lod P the eves dstibuton ares the bor would be es won in Fig. 1-200). As an overoed is apples, the masini tenon, WA Po/S (A's tha eross-suctinal area and $1 the set in Modul), Ines vil sess, io moter how much mare toed is eprte. the meso tas fo Wong ef, Acoma toad een ba spies, Rowaver, and ying ‘Whos loco ui then soctonie plastic asin Fig. 2(0) Theta ‘ot vhich tho secon te assumed fo este FA. (Thinis conservative snp of hosan hedening that ates place) Thereof ho imate To the woking loa, therfore, 4, To proces is trmed “aves retuton” and i cmenon in ste! ‘Wee och 0s connections, Range, bracket and tiffs ete Ws " "load P that can be suspended by the ta rd a shown in " I the folowing properties:solution “The preuct of the yield stats and aoe te the ulin Toed ot each thamber ane shown nig. 1-3(0). Momber CD hasan ultimate tes Cepoctyof 190 kp, wich cannot be devia beceuse th orcas ni foraontel detion woud not be i equltsian. Thorfore, CD ares ‘nl the hotsonalcomponant jf AD, eslng into teo-bod cag in Fin 1-8). esluton of frees gs P= 4152 Hos STRENGTH OF sTHUCTURAL srEsL Leta fap | 1 € € me ae © ° ‘ Fe 13 . Vo compnessive srnenati not wbjer vo ay typeof bucking or concurent bending mocant the Win compressive load tt tol an rt eto soma ao enon and Wer be dtemined tom £14 AABA ‘ve ‘ebution eon take place ei does in tenion, A common ‘een e\ca spice fora baling esl. Whan erected ra gape on fe sso the beating sues of th column sections However a5 , ied the eufees which worn contact nial reas yd | econ pls. The lod than reitutd to the less Fallue esnootceeur unl the eppied loud veaches sora—— es cic Most compression membors er subject to bucktiig before ther fall STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL srEEL plese erogth FA can bo devsloped. In auch cats the ulin eed Per ip ie deine By: oTe]e]@ >= P= FAP, 2) whee re ‘= alouable working sats of the member by elec ‘esi ues, Ki oss een of cos scion, in? oofclen spocd by AISC a8 17, ‘The allowable working sass, Fi, defines inthe NSC Spscfiation or ‘the Design Fabistion and Becton of Suuetual Stel for Bling ze] — ed Frm: FS. 13) ‘Road 20 fe whore : finwemeruscis | % | 9° | 12 | 10 210 | a0 = enon fd. on $ rt i FS. =8 fector of safety specified by AISC which a c) Rotation tes and transtation free eee eae 1 Soares ower = FEENEY RE omg Hel avoston. ie pamisibe to intrpolete Between conditions by Pe Thy ne Caesarea eons pa omic ah ayia acs wi Iter cnet eesti cin pee ciseciia Kip ets bie deca wna ca Tbe ot upon arcade Ae ee ae 1 the “effective length” factor and ethan a 1,0 in plastic design, “excupt vente olan 8 mamber of an enbracns fame, Inthe c= Ie may be geste han 1.0, depending onthe degre an nat of ty thet ends ofthe cola ‘ Beoitsivn afoul ‘Theto ee several mathods of evaluating K. (Seo Comeatay on \wenined dey a a function of tha largest sonderose ey [AIS Spactieation,AISG Mat) Im plac design it usualy eu 119 tong foran ui of 1980p imate vores load of 1360 kis fx at isenly acct 1 eer to Fg 1-4 ae ehoows the condition coset to foun er to Fag. 1 st rotaton end tanto, "it nab. Uso 8 ke ste, Tho top is ted‘solution Fram Fig, 1-4 coniton ¢comesponls tthe design condtion, Therefore, eK veluo of 12 elec, Tywiaxitt ke_12%19%12 eae From AISC Menus or Append 8, Fy = 2835s. 17 x 2435 x 92.7 = 1980 Kips > 1250 kins. OX. 1-4 BENDING STRENGTH “The utimate bending sventh of sts sction is mensued by ts “pli moment” aur 1-9() shows th stress aston aos secon when ly loaded in bending. ‘The bonding ses fe of sl furs ero within the ‘Sane onge ‘As maroon appled (Fo. 1-8()), 2 lt reached hen the ut ‘ber the section jist begin‘ ed, Thaw bre are now a pot tho sera curve (Fig 1-3). The eelabe isting moment t ti Doint scold the yi moment My > Mans cy whee ‘Fx lel ss ofthe steal bt {§Secton modi of be eon, n? srk be bed = eeu, “Gem, au, ‘o edtionat toad is spo, the veld stots ponte the section {Mo 1-8(0). No stess can incrass beyond the yield sesy, but the ‘ions oes ean sllb sped unl toyed es exists roughout etn Fig. 1-S())._ Thiseonon presents the maxenum manent AN cated he poe roman, ‘A hist stage, the compression and tension foes equal the product if i vod suess andthe aea over hich te ates acts. Thess Toces, ‘ili’ by thet moment arm, equal he pst moment My. Therefore, My=hz 2) whore plastic mous” defined asthe ‘sum of moments ofthe poe aea shove sn below the neal an? ‘The plastic modulus ofa steet section isa function ofits cross-sectional Woreon.. For example, he plate modus of» recangs soe Wig 3-6) tf) _ bee zaafig) ae on ‘Pie ol for ed sae sections ae feted in the ASC Man ho “shape fectr” ith eto fora given shepe ofthe plste modulus Hin tho secon modulus Susedn case dsgn. For exempt, tw soon ln of» rectangle section is (8 and sino Z of the aocion BOA. Wo s5ap0 factors sere bars ‘Pleienoiuilionashapetactorstorvasoussostions ae showin Table, 15STRENGTH OF sraUoTURAL sTeet " Mo elite lowatte sess by 9 foto of 1.7. For instance, an ETO Taste 11 Wiecvouihasansowabo tilt weld sess of 21D kat inplase dese 0 Ws bacones 1.7(210) = 357 kati convents in douigm toatl id asin mate mon Cp ur el onsen ea aa Hh I LHe fie! Fore70% dase tate - ul 570207 ‘e = 1.58 pe par inch Peete bw 1 this bass Table 1-2 is prpared forthe convenianes ofthe roder. ‘ Fa AE me Oa 70% lcs ae used wih ASB czel end mot otter grades Go toe Shesror 8 aa Wilt ses of 60 a i 1a ‘in else design, lat welds eccantie connections can be pro- oroned on the bole of duct vector adlton cf forest. Design pros Fede bs doce in Chapter ‘Tha shape tector of most old -baams and wide ange shepes ban sseuthl Cong ob voebnweon 10880012,” Fot og ao TAHLE 12 PLASM Desi LoAos ron FuueTWeLDe voNe ae ‘ont aretrobes ie Pon mee SS eee srr er tutrative Example — gh oa wie ae Dna © ls forge bar 0 Span 20 1 bean simple ra —_—-ss ee conrenulinestoever0upepriat, Aan onimocs cl i frre AS 7 WustsveExampte ne th mina od that te conection in i 1-7 can ery Sotition Bile fora coses ra ea me ited M, = 440) 207? = 700 ogi 2= 222272 66.12 Holton Tr W885, Fo AISC Manin 2— 668? NMoximu a forth et welds om Table 1-2 te wis 4360104 8)— 758 osm nd oh in la +8 weins 0x63 = 100 kos ad tls rome stoner han bse mt. The fn lt oxime forth in, pate etn compels pean gow wre calcd onthe bes Goseltintbeanected, Wi npuren ony owe ta core stmt 50374121 koe {othe matching bess metal Tho poor lig oes tho rls Condon ithe walng. Taco, the maximum oad ‘es sel speced by AISE orl wlohe tons reine deine bined by muting- 146 Bouts, ‘As wih wil bot tesa in late design aro datsined by mulipying the sleet allowabla sos bythe stor 17. For an A325 bolt with at ‘owl eon of A.D alin toni, the paste design sess 40.0 4.7 "G2 kal, Table 1-3 it plete design sosees for sear Fy end tnsion Fetor bolts and sini fastaness Table 1-4 gue plese design loads for bots as ecomenance In design. -Aa07 and A325 bolis are most come ‘nly used with A sal, wile the A4SO Bolte used with higher rade ‘2 wel se wih AB8. 2 “The tenaon tae must be rod te bolo vet is also subjaced 1 shear Intceton equations for this purpose based on allowele sts ‘Scene specited by AIS. To conver the formulas to plastid, ‘hoymuct bo factored by 1.7 Tele -Sshows these pls sign tere tston equation for bering type jit nvetrative Example ‘Determine the mssimun ond P that he eonncton in Fig. 1-8 ean cary ‘Assume 50a steal AAO bls and treed axcluos rm he shea’ lane ‘Solution Maxi labo fn eer From Tabla 14 131 lips 227 x 4 Meximur fon bote n beating From AISC Mion! (p2g04-7) P1205 x4=200 pt Maxinum foe pste mater ntnsion P49 x500x6% $= 255 ips (Wo dedetion rade for tho batt hats becouse the aes of net sections gece han 85% ofthe ‘poe section. Seo Chapt 7) “The governing canon i the sharia tho bolt, Therefore, the mie ui tend 131 pa. YWHLE 1s plasm besten srRESSES FoR coNNECTOnE-Kst Shaw) DesinnatFasene ‘Tensor Fon: rs Tipe Tre ita Gade 1, pevaen ‘a 20 a5 ita Code 2, he ven ‘ie 40 40 1907 ote e v0 eels este et 026 tos A49 bo won” o Mote eentsdrgn ca os It wr dnga Suns i500 08 tiaee a Say sss tones 026 aes a ge saso toons ete teeat sing Woes wi is Sid a shea 17 toa Factors [espuaions in ple doign sre made in tne of the specie yt ‘ons Fs Tha ign working ond mu by 9 "ied foetor" 19 Avorn te equied Utne capacity ofa nb or component under Mpls theory. Actually, sin hardening prevents flue even oer Ws ttre oad ‘ho load factor spaced by AISC ar: (io ~ Live Laed plus Osad Load = 1.7 ‘Ge I= Lie Load put Dead Lead In conjunction with wind or earth cuske forces = 13. ‘ho lod faciorof 17s eguvalnt to the eaety factor which hes istre “ully existed for simp Beare unde elastic design rules. Tis can be Aomonsuoted 35 aos, nol desig (0 Fig. 1-8), the design o aloweble moment is Memes as) fonwe Fetewhore Femllowsble banding sass = FS Sm tho secon mest ofthe sein = 2/142 ‘Substituting Sole WTR TTR Since y= 6,2 ples TEX ATE My 1.08 4,2 178, “Te, tho wotking load, ean be incense by a ecto of 1.5 bane ‘ati iit of usefulness i reaches and by 1.7 before th laren teachad.” Using the snplebsam tha eterion, the lad factor or Both ‘laste and plate docignis the same forthe "rea" eamyng each. In Case I the lad factor i approximately aqualert to the one-hit Incrass In allowsbe sess long aocepted in latte design. The can be een by comparing the two ratios for both methods. Fo aloeble sess esign In plete design 1-8 PROBLEMS Problem 1-4 Select stoo te wo of 38.0 lye strerath to cany 8 working fod of TDkips Urea lod factor Fof 1.7. Sotution i From E914 fs =f 13%70_ sarin AnETXDO.. 994 92 rd, Aes = 2.88 in? Prost modular = Ss STRENGTH OF SrAUCTURAL srEEL w * fonula for computing the plete modulus of» build-up ghee ‘Aaa of ses black = bt, Plstie modus fy(@-1) nt tok 5 2 Fe. 110Uso 30% 09,2 318:n? (hack Shear (See Chater 2) V=s0Kips 50 “(aq aae 0555, = 055(35)= 198 tei >3251s OX, Solution From Ea. 12 ‘ 25 = 1883 16, Solving forthe loa factor From Aopen 8, Prodiom 1-5 Wee 1.68 cases) mine he ie modu eke son, ne R12 a Boro tn shops ocr See Problem 1-4 ‘Choose suet sto memibor vith 0 a ald fora antlers ‘Assume uly braced so thatthe ul plete moment ean nF 11 seine, Creare aaae Factred lod = 1.7(80) ~ 85 ioe M, ered = 85(18) = 1278 kip Z requires = 27 I= ArPuto uasmiC DESH wv eTEEL ‘smmtueTH oF srayetunaL sree. x From AISC Menus section modu of» cou seston = 0.75 201m Shape tector 2 238.69 The vale errs betwen ad 1.3 is used in this ase. me let lonah = Ae = (1.39(18)(12) = 234 in, TW Wi2x65,4=1911,,—302, Probtom 1-6 i Ke 234 7” 02-7? ‘Péign column AB for sach of he conions shown in Figs. 1-13(a) i J N-A9QQ}. Usb oad tocar ef 1.7 and ASD st om Appendis 8, F, = 16.69 kat Setweion Pum 1708, ‘Tha column Fi. 1-198) braced and tw orotate op an bottom, Por~ (1.7\59.11(05:69) = 611 kpe > B10 kgs ‘onesponds to condo (4) In Fi. 1-4. Use aK velo 1.0, Haxos ‘ectv length — Ke = (1.0)(18)(12) = 180 fo. increase rm 1.019 1.3 not result in an neoose sition sania ee E18 a0 : fakeonan Set G fw & dP/R Perm STAR, Pe-= (1.7)89.11)01748) = 668 > 1.76000 Use wi2x65: ‘The colun in Fig 1-13(0) Ie unbraced but pally vesrsined et top. Is ted at the Bim, Thi eondon les somewhere ‘ondton () and (0) in Fig. 1-4, dapending on ta ela wi 10 ips Oe . 42 CONTINUOUS BEAMS 2.4 FAILURE MECHANISM he wlimote fod that» coninuous beam can cry le dteened bythe {sue mechanism ofthe Bean. Tis conoopt can best be lisse hy ‘raminig tho leading history ofefaed end bear See Fi. 21 With sy fired exc bes the argoat momenta tho end and esha WL. In Fig. 2-12) ord W's appid and scully lige tous, ice int etding Fin th outer fat ot tho ston ate ance of boom, These end moments ars ow MF, where $s the sochon duis of the soction, ‘Addi‘onal lsd, toting W" in Fig. 2-1(), ean bo added unt the end ‘moments became cmpltel plat. Thevalue ofthis end moment ithe Disc moment ofthe ection fy = Fz Understood Wn Fig. 21 (0), thosacton athe conte ofthe baum ‘oy sll be completely lass. The and ansments however st se poate Hinges and have te capabityof underacng sional tain oF teton whinoutareducton in momen eisteee, The eet is thats ge wh constant moment capaci, Is formed inthe beam. "No datane) ‘moment can be devceped tthe ens Mor foad totaling W" can sil be appli tothe Beam a in Fg. 2-1(). asic design theory efnes te end of sretrl ussfulneas fo be kag the lood W" produces psctchingein tha center resulting ina thes tna ‘mechanism. "At this ial stage, the postve sod negetve morte oe cual an tot ]WL. The req pee moment thon ale a of ths or tt wi rp leehe Avolcliapse doesnot ae pleco even aftr «mechanism hae formed ‘orth pase theory. Beease of sia hardening ofthe ste los Ientins and detesons ean take pace without additonal lad ss ‘iy of steal wo reer load wich isthe easance of pls aeons #2 plastic MomeNT DIAGRAM ‘owe 2-1.) shows the plastic moment aigram ota xe end bear. ypc the magnitude ofthe moments corseponding tothe thes hinge Jets condidon an, three tha ulate one In oxdro determin tho peste moment dapram ofa continous bem, We et assumed that past Hngos form ato to supports ee pnts lovin negative momant, The spe then eesenalasnpla Goss ui content ep moments Assuing the end moments tobe ze, the spe beam moment gram Iesiovn. Mis nowa mater of eeing end moments to thdgran wich ‘i produca a marie postive moment, within te span which esqus! Wworlessthantheend moments. Ineftct th bass ine fia single beam Wns is adusted to produce tis condition. It then bocomee ery ‘ope arte prolam fo esate the maximum pose moment ich Ie tho testo ofthe the Hinge. When tis done, the tee noe ov osm dined and the reagniudo of the plastic moments con be™ AEPUED PLASTIC DESiON We sree. Mustreive Exams Figure 2-2) i propped canifever. Draw the posi moment eiagom ‘nd cateulete Sotution For beams wth concentated lads sales tells us thatthe maximum Bestvemorent must eur undo one of he conceited esd Onts bas, the flue mochanism assumed ae Fig. 2-2(0) The hinges st. ‘ond Bareplasic hinges, whilothangeat ieeuppon Cee aati, Tie slo team moment (SBN) dlagam is shown in Fg, 2-2(6) and Uh iol moments computed son O125)6908 at Mh ste monet dag hon nF 223), Tha base eof Hy Si cigar was aut 2 hat 4, point Ais the sn 2 ot one. By smitortionatee My 281M, a9 My 101 Sipe 9 LOCAL BUCKLING-pLASTIC DESIGN secTIONS. Avie bucking of a compression eemant ofa bear sation can prevent te hinge trom toring and votatng propery.” Loca! bucking. a listed in Fig. 2-20), keaused by large compression sesses spi ‘olive tin lament Inner to prevent he possi of eal bucting in plastic desig, tho o °slendemcss ofthe web and fans ofthe seston ee fined. Based on ‘ost, AISC poets res for wi-fi shapes oe tells Mini Reo ot Boum Deh ¢ to Ws Sestons confoming to theca tesvevons ere termed “plastic design sections." ‘Others ee ot pamited in plese design ‘Won ex ond i present in 8 Beem, the dt toi rosteted turer se folloue Bco2 2-4 LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING Unless adequately braced the compresion flange of bending momber hess tendency to move tral. This resus ine genta lol osone! bucking ofthe entie member, ze iNustatad in Fig. 2-8(b), To prevent by this bck ee porto the formntion of mechan, erat tome at the oeaton of ho et ingest form. Indien wl bac re quired wn enain dts rom these fst Nos Hill oy canrtstadegustaly with genaal lacing ofthe memtoe Alc rovides rls forthe action of braces adjncon tthe fiat Nines Tile wo to casas: "unto moment” and“ moment gieient” Toe Inet tins! bucking phenomenon is diferent for exch case Design procure isto assume eter cae and ten chock the moment Wit othe point wher a rece woud be equi unde the saumps on tho ogina asumption (unter moment er moment gaan) fe cect a braces proved at thet paint W nya braves provided Tivo aerate conditon Tho AISC ws forthe maximum neraly unsupperted dstencs fe, rn ‘Wo a ing form ae cos Moment gent ff <0. teem [PE + 25] ey a Unto moment > 0 tonal] a {con be seen tat the shove rls ric he fot hat a elatively steep Imoront gon hea eifring fet parting stongrdlaanen to he hance race.” ren though braces are ot gue eaont to thes hinge to fom th maximo detanes Between braces must sil confor to ease delgn Is These roles ave summarized on page 5-70 of tha AISC Manca of Sot Consus. For eddionat design vaquierent a slestc hinge Ioeatons es Chapter. Wustestive Example sion the beam and daturine tho rein equroments othe Hstative Fomplein Secon 22 (i. 22), Use Ade sel oct mach te a pit catacaeoBe Hap maneSolution sot x12, : zat saz Uso Wi6x31, 2 5403 A latrl brie ie routed adgeet tothe fst plastic hinge to fom at point Assune «condor of moment gracient. om 24 978, on S85] aa ‘A10.75 for in. tom point A, Hp = 05, s0 the assuptin of mimant reciente comect. “A member framing Int the Beam atthe conceited Toe at point @ (38 i,m A) could serve athe ronuted brace decent to the plastic bingo at polt A. fo brace ls tequled adjecent fo the ‘tut hinges pint C 25 SHEAR ‘The presen of a shear aa plastic hinge may prevent the hinge fam {ering and rotating ropaty. ‘Tests Revo demonstrate that the ehast strssiied, hore willbe no probiam. Basa on tats, AISC epocton that cass, es) where 1 —shoar sso ka 1 shear esting from lector lords, Kips ‘ =thleaness of wey in Ith shor strossvoxcosd the vale in Eg 2:3, 8 new ston rust bo chosen orth vsb mut be flafoead. Two types of elrareamet te led coublr pats or agonal sien. In both ese, the nforcs mantis designed to rx th axcoss shan Av tow L055, AivsteativoExanpte ‘ck the shear forthe WH6%31 choson in the Mustatve Exemple in fee 21 (Fig 22). Apia Y= C2ENOD IE 07g ¥y=125—107 = 18 tps Polat A with ¥=107 kips govems 107 vm epl tceey 247 bl 055(36.0) = 198 tal < 24.7 i = ‘The shes is exorsive. In this ese, a agonal sfoner Is used 0s Inofrcoment. "The ees-secdona rea regio for he sone ia 217 — 198 sorry A lato Ye % 2. te vad, A= 0.876 in? S00 Fig.2-4 192in2 26 SPLICE LocaTION In vot tak fu asvantoge of mates saving in plas dean spins ‘ould be propel located and desgned To llustte spies loeuon dig, conde Fig. 25, a continuous gidor ‘vith uniform teeing and unto span QOine Bet stn anectd for span 3 vil be peal fr pans Sgn en eaued torso. Tho es sin sp. es GLO) the mechanism dram and Figs 2:6(6) & the Ces noe ogi, ins (Fa 2-) tle necessary to deteine tha bean oh patio rriesangitet se compu he los manent waited. The panera Fe SS 2 pont of axinun moment oS sar mee ne Fi. 2-60), terete : Cae a zo he nov aA sige ean rene foreman a hase men» ke Ll © Dividing bya and soln nos Therefore Ms 12(0418)712~ 0.08562 {ie rauired A, fr span 3s 2/16 00.0025 72, ling toda, shear and moment dag tor onan a Ime dimensions, Ny. an Kad, ie detwmined by ligt eae a ‘fetonce Kefrom the lft suppor and ocuotng tora 820 A000 D9mmm enema © “a » ace @ ' Rare Tantei ah eee ee EY ee area sass Eafe ald poling mwa ad Si ncaceives wlth piectetoieteinn st: as DE ft, moe yn emo 1 cae Seanad se ete eanee ee eee Wectemetaaehe tee a Se eerste Acer plastic moment dept teats fo continuavs beam iseced Inthe end span asin Fig, 2-8 =n 09870722.7 spuice DESiow % A hor slice in plastic design (os wll as laste design) mst be eon ‘dered catty. Wis conservative lo derine slic & devote ne Basdo romant of the ites i ts connecting, Howoree Soren e2nomies result ithe connection canbe desoned st sire cng he ‘connection twat 2 marant eapacky es hen pss, anes Connacloe or shee only re adaquete for lasealy desoery cone ‘nuove gers under he fllrog condone 1. The connocton i exible enough to estibute moments. she connection 007g will be unetie o vette mane impos conrnivous wens % pon itat sence loading and may actualy fl. Connections shown in Fis 2-10(0) and 2-10(b) have prove tsfoton and ae meon ‘manded fortis eon. 2 Lie checkertoord loeding fe nota procs design consideration, “his would be the eae for most oot construc I Hold connections are used. they must 82 designed with sufilon ‘moment cepecty to insur that acaqusta moment edtrbilon ca ole less, When ve load ehockatboerd lead = not ile, ie moment apeky maybe safely esumed et ona-thid ofthe plate memento ie When ive lad checkrboard eadng is a pesiy, such a8 on wate hows lao, gt connection re usualy used In Uae cave the coe: ‘ion should be designed tress the get momento wiih Fie sbjon Usual pois fs to design the conngctione for he plac onent Salt beam connestd tthe nt commen practic, ese connactone may also be sf checkerboard Isang. IT tie fe done, howovee, ty eadiee banaiog strength ofthe beams undrsrvce conditions mist be checked By clos Fora more detailed ciscuston cf spies in play designed on \inuus Bams, 90 Reterenaee and 82.8 BUILT-UP menpERS ‘uit-up members canbe weed in plasti desgn along they conform to the rstetions ensins ocal buckling (See. 2-3). Uneynmmetical man ters while not an efclont us of mae salvo permite, ‘swith smal members, th stant of en uneyrincal section le meacuted by its plastic modulus. In this case, however, the plas etl ani doas not coincide wih the conta of gay ofthe seein ‘must be computed about tha ano which divides the ttl sea of he secon Into two eaval pais. The plate moduls then compuod by adding tho products ofthese two areas tines tel repacve moment ems te te asicreutal aie A ‘The connectors for bll-up members (wal, bolts orate) ar dexor ‘on the bss ofthe hozonal shear sarod withthe ultima los. vl en were ‘y= horrontal unl shear tobe rsa bythe connects, Kes pe in Y= verialehear at ulimste lor, kp A/= ren betweon the oxtermost ber ofthe tion and the he where the shestig resis bang corp, in.” ‘7—daance between the cone’ of gravy of ase A’ and the canter of ‘avi of the section ‘= moment of nea of the eres ection about ite conte of grvity int In etect a, 24 deteminos tha hotona shoot estance ecirement 4tthestage when the cutorost far ofthe ection host seach yl ',._ Tha sos dtibtion eros tha sation angular At the sue when th section is completely patie ond the sess datibuton see {angular the halons shear woulé hooray be ese Iiuetrtive Bxampte ‘A contoucus WI8:80 ger of A36 eel supp 9 lod of & kies pet {ot on tro spans, 14 8, 221 ond 14, Two adie! conceniad loads 10 ips cach added, resting nth oacngcsgram ini. 2-11 Design a covrplate forth tp flange to aeeormedate the scaltionel losde. Botton ‘nolo Beam Moment for 22-8 span 17x O22)? 8171 dee) am Ps orate som 7521765 ie 388%12 _yoegins 2ravind = 782121355 voimoaa2=t22 10. ot 1382 ie 26 in 8 nc coverplat le ied asin Fig, 212. By ding the mea ie section equal the plate neva ss oun od he ease ot (ey ofthe seetion fe calculated by the pencil f mechan splat ecules fe computed Gs 128 in which Te gestor than he 1255 in rauled othe stn le OX Tho memont fins is computed a 1108 in From Ee, 24 y= 82QNENT2) 39 nein, 1705 "he inno weld fot 3 plate ‘ein ile 474 Kips. 328 psn, OK.vice ' : F \ =i | — —_ a ort tel DEFLECTIONS” ‘Sine pls dcion econesnad pray with continous tt leat tleeons for flor beams ot ges ar story of concern. This because ofthe exiionea of ahd moments which reduce deletion a micepan we “The generally accepted erterion for er gts is thatthe ve oad des ‘ection sould not exesed 1/360 ofthe span, "Tis is to povent recta aplsaodesling. A dale! cen usally ett ines inthe egerd ‘omputing the fio lead deacon bese! on wir sme Beem ston a ‘sith concerative atitary end real such ee fen? For those rare aste whos detalles deflection nels may be eared, toenniguesafe avaiable Soothe ASCE-WRC Consmantay on Pls Design ‘Gro ard bears supporting tat ontmey be of speci eoncam because ofthe posse of“ ponaing "during orator, ‘il low spot in part spn may ealet vate causing an disc defloction in tht epon. Thi, eur, wl ous adjacent sane to ‘bow upward eausing more watero flow tothe "pended "span. Faure tthe rot vat Fondng flue offs roofs ean bo proventad by edhaing to corala rus fretting ofthe vero oot elements. Thave ule ar pushed in See. 1.133 of the AISC Speeeation forthe Deign, Fabsestion 2nd Eroton of Setural Stee for Bullinge 210 PaosLems Probie 24 avr 213{a) fe an Aa6 gner with ve lands of 20 bps, 60 kipe end AO ps chown, Draw thle load pst shear and moment agar Design the gee ' Solution ‘\tho-hings machanem is seeured french san en the coespond tng required piste moments ar ealelsted. "The glider te dorgned tor ‘Mo raest ofthese equed plastic moments For Span t 2130)(10) “Te paste moment canta fora beam pnnad at one end nd re at he eer eas that My 43M, = 1278 My= 85 kins ‘Simple béam moment = 2 1275 fkipe For Span 2 Sine bear ment = PVE) 320928) 469.2 tips Fore beom fied at Both ends For Span 3 Simple beam nena = PE = $IEDOO) 179 ape 70 M585 tine I nngost quite pase moments 85 f-kpeinspane tend 3. The sealing mechanism agra i ehown in i. 2-13() and the fel plete war snd moment dagtam a Fig, 2130) end 2-136), 2a e512 ; 228512 _ opin‘Alowobleshonr tess Wob oto rege nen ¥ 88 ant wimoxse We = 1598029) 782 hand 640 Vie W16 x38 { Dotormine Bracing Requirements Fst detarnine bracing detanco eden to th pasichings in span 4 From the peste moment dagram (Fg. 2-13(8), 05 M, ie 18 In or Doin. Fore comditon of moment gradient thssore oe ems] contstaa) otha o 786 loco at conor of pan under 30 ips conceit lose spaced 5 ft Span 2 extenaly laste with end moments of 85 -Kps. Bren ules fr eleee deen govern, (See Chepar 7) contrs+109 tt) ofl) a1 wens £10002), Oe eas From AISC Menus, oge 6-70, when Zi exceeds 63/5, wine BIC S3VG=83 E61 <9 3)2 io rags § SAD) —1e7 ksi 28 wa socod on the bala of eed only. adequacy Iusthecheckedfor We load and dead lord. Tis coil be done by saw ing now plastic moment diagram fr th comlined leading in pan CD. wove fr design purposes ls sufientiy acute ints ene nae thot the factor! den lat of 0.364 hips on san C0 i abst 0.2% o he Bc lod of 200 kins. ‘The fished plats module of 440 n> 15%, grater than the 9.4 in. required fr thos foad othe ection assured fox. @ whee ae on tl baad a ; eh“The lond on exch column i etculaed essuning a staple baam mech. au ooh op, Pn BEML 17 coo) ram sts-129 224 210204196 Ponto r0.2cane 4813 38 1743 ips Po= 100 +1.7(026)(4) — tee 20.2 ips Thy wex20, , 120 £842 op From the Agana Fem 212i P. os eis essumed inthis problem thatthe X-bracing tif enough to adequ- tel eatin the me. Captor 4 glazes bating design and the. trecing for hie problem ie designed in Problom 4. Probiem 2-3 ‘Te vitor loaded gir in Fig. 2-15()kscontrous over cert pane, Determine the rat ofthe length of thendszan to th ltr spans so that ‘the pase moments seal eu 2-AS(e) and 2-15) am expression for er shear or nexium ‘moment en be ven a ae ‘The maximum postive moment inthe end epan‘ethe plastic moment nd Me Is equal othe negate of 2 e214] wife) ea - mbit an sing knossay fina! moment eigram a shown in Fi, 2-18(2).BENDING AND AXTAL 341 INTERACTION Since pasts design ie concerned pinay with coniouous etre, he ‘mombe:susvlirhaveconcurentil loge andbending moments. The for, en interaction formula using fotord vertical loads and moments (hosed on factored loads) fused fr design. lmxaaton equations may be efzed ar not theoretical epesenting the "toe" behavir of emembor subjected to combined bending cn aot load. “However euch oquaons have een sed for many yoo a the Unites States, Cansda and abroad and have proved tobe stetatry for ‘design purposes. Te theory ofan Interaction equation eto divide the vltinetesanath ‘of member into two pars: Thaleshend oo represen tat parion ot ‘he total section stength vad oralioa. Therghi-handaiorpesen the potion remaining to rat th concent moment dod together, theoe wo rates cannot exced the fva sant of the member or oni, ‘he interaction equation ured in plots design Py GoM Etats en where slid factored xi! on, Kes AF AF, tine oncurent pamisible moment rsuling from factored. loads, fekipe 1820AFckipe whee ise ae the alonable Euler stessspcitce by és ecualunbaead length fn the plane of bending, in 4, radius of gyaton inthe plane of beading, = effective lngth ecto plane of being, is nover cual neces to calculate." Tablas included Jn the AISC Manual and the Appsndis othe purpose ‘raximum moment tat can be rsised by the member in the ABeonc of xia lod kp For columns braced in he ask deton : Mam Me Fer columns unbresed In the wask distin, lta tions! ‘ocklng may be eel (oo See. 2-2). In this cose, 07 VE) ay, uy Men lir YE] mcm, am 4 cost whch depend en wha tw mob pt of ¢ broad or obacd term an sendy ehsdon ns aes tho amber eed by tanmss eine pe ‘orors Thaw hes poebl cose So Fen 9 Gu 7 Mombuinonunbend an svchost 2-1) een oae us 2, Stine 3 toed tana sje to end womens cotyashseABinFg.3.10)" C2 00-04 g burt ing than 0. Thal 9 fe apts ea fn mando! in Sesion $3 ore3, Brom counnsina Dace fan nected ttn leg, Wt mo sane Sel etciee (Ga Se) co= O86, tl rootin Seat {S100}, c= 10 A more var me ore Rorbe wed hutsadder fing, See Note Cates |’ pee no plone goign bees hase spdio lie Tn tne, Ey ohcare race ueeis aes ee A Fg. 31. Value of estan Ce {ase 2le netics cso foc columns nae buns and deson ‘is have been developed for he eolaion. Therefore ts ay ‘erisconcemed withthe theory and design proce for th ease 82 REDUCED PLASTIC MOMENT, tie Figure 3-2() shows the posi sear setiution in ston under axa! ood end mement. The magsitodo of each ean be steed by eiting the sess ogre nto equivalent parte: ips, 2-2(H md ®-2(¢-— Te am ‘bo oean tht th canter portion (Fig. 3-2()) represent th oa ace and the ous potions (Fig. 2-2()) ropresnt he tnsion sed compression {ores ofthe bending mono, BEHDING AND AKAL LOAD © © ‘By spying the see pattem in Fig. 3-20 the average cross ection of ‘the wide flange shipes, the allowing sxpresion ie bland © Massel: =2) es) were Ma teduced plastic moran do to ax oad in ¢ “shot cour” pares ‘M,= paste momant of the sston = FZ, t-kipe —fectred el led onthe ston ibe al loud causing yl onthe crocs scton = F,A, pe We PAP sass than 016, Mg oa fly bo taken a 3-3 ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF COLUMNS WITH END MOMENTS Because bung columns are not always “shor” the colo, may fil oor My can be developed. ‘The to peste moves ae a a Plane Bening (18) a Lateral Tosionl Bucking (LTB) Both IPB snd LTB are dependent on th folowing porate: 1. Yl sess ofthe mately. 2 Slendemoas iy 1? & Ail ood ato Py, 4 Magnitoge of the er moments I= upper moment 2M, = toner moment5, Dhection of the end moments represented by @ tho tla ofthe Puma smal orate! moment The rato g Husa in Pg. 3-%."Thee sre tveo condition of end ‘moment ioe 1. Fa 9-8) efor g = —1, The and moments actin posto dac- Hons resulting slog cuvetire. "The fe the lest tovorbie 2 Figure 3-9(6) i for g +1. the end momonts act inthe same sSreton resutng In tovoro curate, ‘The w the mes favorable cenaton 3 Figue3-S(e)iterg=0. Theoleno end moment atone end ofthe In-piane bonding (IPB) takes piace sbout the svong. x: ais, tnd Yesults when the columa fs sufieaty raced shout the west yy ata ‘4s the cola fs bon, an adonal moment fe gencted Pe (p33), © © © Wis widod moments dependent on Zi. @ and the spied toa, P. ts ‘lot nto inreton equation (Eq 31} reectod In hota Loto torsional buckling (L78) takes pce when thers i instant veg abou the weak yy ais snr in notre to the aa or Hol tucking of beams; Lo, Iara! movement oth engi followed oy 1 ural toronat buckling ofthe entre rome.” hs elect nth eter fon equation i vectd by My (Ea, 22), olin Design Chars forthe soliton ofboth IPB eh LTB fo eotumns lv end momons ar included inthe Append, Because thse chars Ao bvondon 24, tisusualy nat ncseear to stully compute cotoen ort wth thet equation. DEsiaW PROCEDURE ‘ono basis ofthe previous dscuson columns with nd moments about 1 major ax3e ae dergned es flowes len 1. Tha ond moment eto @ is caleuotod ot ‘hr forthe @ vale owas slotea ten 2. Assume «cone secon. Caste PIP), andl and athe chats chosen in Sap 1. The M/A aie for i8B and Bo Ive hl he lwer valu chosen. ‘ep 3. The Mitte rao chosen in St 2 i vod in eoniuncton with Mo reed plate mament equation (6a, 2) o dotemine the alowsoie ment Mt the apples moment onthe olny pester than, 9 Ine section i te. Column Design # COLUMN DESIGN CHARTS The Column Design Chart ysd in the design procedure (Se. 2-4) ro Hed onan verge ratio rr, = 1.7. Thie ie sufciontyeccuate for he von ot wade-fongs secon, "io tel! sess ptm” used in doveleping the Charts is fr wide finvae shes. However, tho sft s smal so the chon may Be set ‘so for eter shapes euch as tubes. In ths rept shout be noted No fr symmotiea shapes such a bee and box shopen LTB dows ot ovlv: ony th PB Charts need be wedFor stose otter thon ASG, the chars may be wed by coleuatag 6 cauialent slendemes aoe lowe’ (Dean (rama oa ‘Sever! genralisons can bo made regarding ealum design, $1, LT6 wat stwaye goven 2 Wm +1178 al uncly govern 3. Wg =A, TB or IPB may govern “The design srocedue decuted inthis chaper must be tein ‘sirsctues over ons story. Compatibity of Join. rotaon may then ba Importer, This ie dlscused in Chapter 6. tis imgonant to note that fr most columns in actual buns, may ‘not be necasiry fo consul the Column Design Chars. For example, ‘A26 soo! bent in double curvatr, PP, <9 and fr 40 (he eau ase) thor Is. approsablo rection in My and th ean ea be esigned oct with. 3.. IMustratve Example Design wide-Mange column 15 tong, 60 kl stat witha momen tthe top andthe bottom of 1000 t-kipein th came ction. Verte! loos 2000 ps. Colun is braced top sna btn, Sotution ‘Stop 1. ‘Stop 2 ‘Asuna Wi4x 248 M,—19208-4ne 20kips 486882 FP o500 (9a 2282270 ma 270fB—s1082 02 Bos Fro Calum Design Chart for g = +10 i thy tour f= Co om te 89 Me 80 ~PM 5 ee) 10220 fine 10 Mye =1022.9%eKipe OK 3.0 PROBLEMS Probiom 3.4 ist consurant end moment (@'=0) can 2 6 > 8 x ¥ square tube cay vith vrs! eed of 100 ipa? The unbracosfongth 7 fin and the eli ABE. (See Fig. 9-4) M00 outed front ead eg fy = 278(blotete reduced psec moment he 2 Sanae= 601(05)(6.5) = 165 in? Zo! 20.1109) 0.8) a Z=208 ind pote 3(280 Myo = 298889) 624 tips px. TAR ay, 100. "p, SeCTo.Tay = 0274 fom Cota Devon Chat fore, = 1.9 M10 tg) = 024 tips Probtem 2:2 Derive the fonmuta fo the educa pale modulus Bot eo lus Mg Yor 8 tel ba, Solution Equation 1, = Fae Eautton 2, My. =F Ee eee Fore Moment ‘an eee oe Fa a8 ane nd oho Fibige — Hon 2 ge Feta 229 ea Fae Song Eas. ¥ and? smutancouty and subeuting for Fy and My ain Fiona, 22 = Probiem 2:2 sion» wide-longe column, 11 tong. 98 tet with a moment et the Jp snd bottom ef 100 f-kps; momante ar inthe oppoat dacton Yelling in sigle curate Vera! load Is 1000\tpe. Colt Is Ici op aod botom in both cst. Use alee tector of 3 Ty W415, y= 856 ie, 1679 ip Since ¢-=—1.0, UT wl govern 4-00 _ Saree P _c.ay(i000) A From Column Design Char, Me = 0.8 M = 05tae -M ~ (08)(858)(.18)(02) ~ 194 fk M=184 > (1.8)(100) ~ 190 kips owiax 158“ Arruco mine pesion site comome OBNo%G AND asia LOAD Peobom 3-4 a. eck he alu sta i Polo 29 by mets E.21, fev Dosion fin toom moment Seog 86) Sotuion Tnewiaxt6o ap alae = 1200 ips = 190 ftp = 280 Ma nied 140) = 70s 17002) a7 in 208; Zr = Me 702) 5375 From the Appendix F, — 18.73 ksi and F; = 338.62 ksi Use W636, Z = 64.0in> Pent BA nats Par = 1710873)665) = 1600 ion Wott 48 tm locaton fet Hinge fom. 2 M_=17__, ~Fc0s529) ~ 0200 pe ee ma ~[ior-¥u Ma 0181.07 -006) Use waxt89 Probiom 2.6 Design the ain ara coum in Fg. 3-6) locations of th eoncontated onda,” Uso 3 k ony, su 3 ater brace at jl sta ade oad factor‘A condon of from the hinge ‘he WI6.38 prowdos eps mo marin is considered adequn forthe, ‘ArrUND PLActIC DEsien wi svete pars Column Design Ty wiaxds Ty wiaxso acing ade se 1 ove tat acid. Tis ee ond of poo ot weed Fe +25] = 1.52(632) ~ o6in, P1160 +80) = 170 Kips M170 ties 2 10 E22 oate, Memus0m(s—f) = 194 kine Moc ~198(194)(0842) ~ 148 < 170 Moc = 118(218)(0.89) = 175 > 170 From Colum Design Chats with ~0, Use wax forIPB, Mie =1.0 fort TB, Mtg. 1.0 Mm Hye = 975 tp £_120 £- 220-61 ox. ‘moment gaan cx resin 8 support atadtance¢ Ne My= 218 ips 4 SINGLE-STORY BRACED FRAMES Frames single-story or mulistoy ae classed either brad oF un- Ivacte. “The eset dfrene ic that a braced frame i eablized by tiagons! bring come ether bulng element sven» shear wal Wve an unbreced fame rs on its own bending stfness for tabi. oman coaneetins and fl continuity ar equed for unraced emer. ‘Moment eoanecuons mayor may not be aiiaed wth brace ems, The design of single-story braced frames fe described In ths chop, nvocad mgle-soy amas ate dsb in Chapter 6 and braced lt tory tome Chapa 6 Design procedure for inbraed misty ares have not been com etal veloped an so ste not incloded ints boc, 4 DESIGN PROCEDURE ‘single story traced fame ean fl in one of to ways, 1."An invidlelement such as 9 bea, cslums connection moy si Beam and ealuna desig te ented Chapter, 2nd @; connae ons ae cussed in Chapter 7. 2, The amo 8 aun ay move lately and become unstable, The ‘ison of eingonal racing fo prvent hee exlined i ths chaptr. “Tho ist tp inthe doegn of gl story bac ramos fo detoine Iw callapse mechanism ofthe gid o es under vera losde only “.7). This done by computing the requled pase moment for span. Tho span with the lve! ecuod plas marent ete et 1ecora © mechanism ond sontos the Sogn.‘tng with his maxinum plastic moment te-body agen of nite stucture andthe inghtal nember ar then eau oh 82-0100 cos Dentoe Ment Ue 10x88 Cetin Dein FO panasai(8)~ootee Tre connaton ath cali th dame ob ces ‘thet no moment is induced into the column, Use Eq, 1.2, ai mnexs0 Neo, e=680in PaF,A=(1847)6.80) Column Design 6 Pa 19s Altnough o sma column might be pose, veo M620, Problem 4.8 asige the retors, columns and bracing forthe braced frame in i 4-2 Lextsthownertaccred. Assume aera condnssy arate ‘ASO tee," Assume the PA moment rete eta ens ioe Solution fot a Brood fare unde varia ond, each ater assumed total ata {hse-hings mechanism. "The dotminant (GUM) memati Re ‘SBM == (20)(0)= 240 fins Tho pltle momentrequited ls o-taif,oF 120 fips, Sit, tho ste moment for Bo Hht-and rater alu to be BO teks, Thothustin herafetecompitd. (See Fig 4-7().) ‘Thorenctons th pk om the ats ae 0 kif" the lt and £0 bs for te an Tho ot of 10 lps sapped a th peak and, bythe rsolton of ores, ‘hs thas determined ge 81.7 Ke ao-bodydagranssrenow cain forasch column, (SeoFig.4-7(0)) For th aft column, the veel lad of 175 hips eto sum ofthe 60 pa rom the fer ee-bodydigrem and th vereal component of 5 ks rom tho thrust nthe tr, “he vores lod of 95 Kips on the ght cola th sum of 40 ips rom the ater reaction and 65 tes rm the thos 5 ‘The halon! component of te thrusts 733 kpsspoiedhozntaly to cach enim, Tho plastic moments of 120 ckpe and 80 teks vod by the cota length of 18 fesse sdtonal shee of kip end 13 tips, 2 shown, “The fore esh te rod canbe computed. ortho lf column, rans an() 100 Forth it ake = 03345333) ~ 882 tps ‘Tho left afer is designed fran My of 120 -kpe and an axel oad P 18.17 ipa Ty W236 My 185 0-kDe Fy Paz, set ae sels -Al 3.18)(0.76) = 0.89 Sinc the ater is asured fly braced Inthe weak or y-y ans, only ln-Plane Bending ie» consideration. £22902AP tort mist nave bo aided to tho moment of 120 tts, The {FB morneat dopa th eza ofthe bracing chosan. For 3 free Of {895 tip, the minimum trocing area rout be a8 i000 fe 270 a From fq, 4.2 ¥ ee set 1.910539 FER enjcon ers eases The P0 mamnt is Pa t550 0429) = 68 4 Ke ‘This smouns to oy 8% ofthe eolumn moment of 120 ft-kie but ok ‘ston wl be aed inti ae ‘The lesond column le designed, therefore, for an of 126.5 tips anda Pot tees Ty wiexao My =173 Whips, Fj=425 Kine, go are F, ~~ 8(084)~0755 ge 0:785(173) = 190 fips 2.,5)(12) Pai ied £_05)09) og Fromthe tn-Pisne Bening Column Design Chit MMs 1.0. Howe ver fom the Latest Toelenal Buckling’ Chat Yath Ble, 0.0 ond Figo 88 Mlb gem 078, = 078(090) = 10121285 NG, ‘SmMGLESTORY BAACED FRaMes * tw wi xas M, =196 kine PAI hips P_153 efekes ae Moe 138(1 ~0382)(195) =157 kip ¢_ 092 “. ‘om tho LTB Column Design Chats 91012) _ 9 - tom M=0ms))~122> 1208 ss wiaxas ‘inked wel be we fo dsiging th ah an luna For simolity and symmety, most eecignara would vse the WI2'48 for oth colin,S UNBRACED SINGLE-STORY FRAMES ‘As wit raced aes, an unraceesirglo-story frame ean fin ono 1. The tom may become vstele under veel fads only, 2. A sufieent number of plastic hinges mey develos reting in ‘eine mechanism he fic allre mage above i conte by designing the cok with ‘aktectorgeatesthan 1.0,” Foraono-baybnt howover he acta! ce f 9 K ootor ws has I intone on the selection ot cola see ‘This can be sen by examining the htactonequaton pet Moe Po OFM, S10 ‘The factor involved any in computing Po he axl nd port ‘ofthe equstion. th unbresad sngle-tory oman, eral lads ne occa mal omperedto Lending matron Thtsore, asl chang ln hag Bl feck on th na eau ‘The sac fue mode dirs tm that a bred fare oly i ho ares of camplesy. The a methonism In an unbrscta ro os lvere rely sepaont There are thee useful end populr ebthods of detemsning the fare ‘mechanism 4. Steal or grphica! mato 2. Mechanism oF vital work metho, 3. Momeat balancing method HA STATICAL OR GRAPHICAL METHOD [le stocalmethodtsan extension of he procadutedesritetn Chapter 2° fy solving coninuods beams. tis vary esl fr solving ames (ae. unui or gated) with one rdundont.” Itcan bo uscd nual wera foncentied or untormlyeeibutd loads ‘he stotizal method i bated onthe lowe bound thor of pli eon, is thor states thatthe lod conesponsing to a given momant dagen which tho moment nowhere excseds te pls toment conse oe oo, wl olvoys be les than, er a most eal othe ns hint los ‘ho step-by-step design procadue forthe staal! nethod ls Mesvatcd for Kame eth horizontal acing ony. (See Fi, $1) (ten 1. The frome is made stticly detent by removing the Nnootatradundent eacton at point (Fg 6-1(0)) ‘ep 2. The determinant agra fen (Fi. 6-146). ‘Step 8. Alloed a tamoves fom the ame and th redundant for Xie le at point B (Fig. 6-14), Stop 4 The moment dlegram reeuting fom fore Xn tne OFX bs ‘own (Fg 5100). Stop 6. The moment dogram tom Stop 2 snd 4 are combined. Tho Ioment igre resulting tam free X (Stop 8) is odused unl, come bbe with he determinant roment «zfs numberof plat sg To ‘auto ameohanism resus (Fg-5-1(9). The lese moment Mea nr In dtemined My= X= Hn/2 en tis final ples mament agra Ie propery eonstvced there wil be osmoments in th tame wich excoed Step 6. A tae-body diagram of tha fem is drawn andthe rexcone Ahotmined (Fg, 10@)). X= 2. A sini pocadrai used to dotaming hepatic moment iagram of @ ome eth vata! eae, euch as in Fig 820, Step 1. The fame is made satcallyeetominant (Fig. 5-240) Step 2. ‘The éotaminant moran ciara ie dawn (9. §-2())ema [ctl elit‘Step 3. The ln ate rrvoved snd tho radundaat free X is pplied to the sete (Fg 5.240). ‘Step 4, Themomen'dlgiamesotingtomercexisdmun Fg 5-2(8) ‘Stop 8. “Tho 10 moment dograms ae combined ai force lade 4 provide sient hinges to eauza 9 machanan (Fin, 5-2(0). The plastic moment Mf eaeuatd rb aay, ae é a wate tea ‘Step 6. The tee-body digrem of the treme i drawn (Fig. 6-20). xaPbhe, Wnt» sit variation, thesia method can be vay use in solving gebled fares with one redundant. The procoduo le grphis! ond ‘Stusteted in i. 8-3. ‘Step 1. The ame & made statically deteninant (Fi. 8-306). ‘Step 2. The determinant moment diogram is drown to ele, tn this ‘226 themaimum determinant moments ?¢72 (ig 8-2) ‘Step 3. The lode are romoved an he redundant force X sap to th srusture (Fg. 5 3¢8). ‘The ifeence baton s ectngue arn and «gee fae inthe next step—thegroptis! determination af the horizontal ere % ‘Step 4. ‘The moment dagrm reeuting fom fore X is drawn to scale (ia. 8-3). "The momenta the eave eX and th moment te pele EXUDE). "Wean be wocoghied that those two moments havea Gert, ie sionshipte eachother Tis can be deterinod by oxtending iste fo point F Where It intact tho extension ef is potion ofthe moment gram. By snr tangles this istnce x AOA aie Me 63 at 63) Sep 6. Tre manent aagram fom Steps 2 and 4 ate com hed Fi 0). The mament resting fom fetes X fs adlustod by rang line F6 abou pin Fant the moran at the peak (pint 6) equals the Inowont ete eave (pint). Plas hingss at thse two pons ease 8 harism, From he Gal plac momantsigram, the pase moment is inccsled at pot or @ Step € The He-body dag ofthe fama drown (Fg. 6-8) liv snr manner, the ditone x ray be found fr an ureymenetical luna aging. 4. In thi ene ett 6 inendon oq 8 nF. 5.0 6s) “The grapes procedure Ie especialy suited for gabled frames with siehes ase Chopar 7) the posk sor the evo. Inti ease, tho ie £@ een bs aut o prada ingest hentersocion of tha Rauneh nd the prmatio manor Ths plstie moment fr which the prismatic conor laf be desoned, thereto, le rogues, racing in asionacomin §2 MECHANISM OR VIRTUAL WorK METHOD {ve mochonlsm orth vital wos method is reconmandedodeanin the lapse mechonsm and th plastic moment siagrem for more complex \ndoteminant amar fr shoo with tite Dan one redundan The method is more ganar an bared on the upper bound theory of Hose design which sates that the l6ad conssponding tothe weaned ‘sod of cols wl alrays be grestor han, of bet equa tthe te itinste oad. The dsin procera therefor ito esse a mechonism nd comput the eonesponting plastic manent. R my be necetoy to seoune several diferent mechanisms in orar tobe sue Tet the one oh "hs Irgst que My fae boon te, In assuming tal mechanisms fer single-story frames, Ie imporont ‘eoanie tht thor ae four dstne yes. Sue Fig 5-6 4, Boam Mecham, This fs ha same typeof rechonlm discussed Chapter 2.1 resus when thee le « Hh proportion of vers! to sora ad 2. Sway Mecham, Ths i somotimas fered to a «pana mech ism ae caused by lrga lateral fores apie wo the top to aro, 5. Combination Mechanisn, This e& combination ofthe bra type 4. Gable Mechanism. This is «special ease ofthe Combination tpe vd applies to gabe rome ony. Desig procedure const of determining the lngetM, for each of tho vo» (or four) mechanigm tom. The largest of thove tn she pst homent for which the fre shouldbe designed. "Tho lap by-sep a sie fol (9 1. Assure a space copie mochonisey ect ‘Step 2. Caeuat the amount of nena vite wok which is defined es ‘ho um ofall he produt of tho ple amon end the creeping intel vival angle charges. "The intemal vata sgl changes is ‘2mputed by designating any one angle ge 8 aed caleulang a thes I ‘wim of Gand thegeoretty athe. Stop 3. Calculate te amount of extemal vital work which sdf osu ofa the esta oads ines th vital ditancethosgh wich May move st th colepsa mechanism, This distance fe estedted oy izing that tis th product ofthe angle © an the ditance om ne Stop 4. quate intial oextomal wes The engl @concls out and ‘i com be solves fin tame of he loads sc the dims ofthe fama, Step 5. Sulnt coltopeo mechonis ate tied ‘so tat the delgnet ‘sts that the one with he largest hae Leun found ‘This dane by diawing the plese moment clogra foreach ti! mochenim t ese No thee are no moments ger than the pls moment. Fg, 5-7 Is an Hluatbe example of the vival work mathod. The ‘me coud fl by one of thee pose anisms, The problem ito atin tn ye o‘cemmin which one fet. withthe ingest requied M.A hae ‘echoniss ar ued and My is cuted tones ‘Mechoniem \—Beem Type (Fig 5-(0)) xtcmal work» Po Imo wot (64 8) oral work = Inemal work roommate ‘Mechanism 2Svay Type (Fo, 8-2(6)) External work = 105 Aeterna work = 14,0 Me ‘Bcetna work Iisa work Hoh —214,8, “ ped Mecharler Combination Typo (Fa, 5-7(0)) i ‘Bxomal work = Hh + P80 Se fo+o()} suo Herero of] ay, 0 ™ un veal te] The actus eitpee meehsrism wl bo the ane with the fn equ Mg.” Thi example shows thet tw depend on te vale oe of loads (tA, 9 8) and the dvansione and shape o he tama {es here ae no ther mechani poss, the denote tg vex Ay bas been detent ached freme the vial work aguatins menos xy wen by etolshing We “eaniet of rotation.” “This defined a te pol ate Which sock ig leit of he femes ‘ends to rota fe the paste inate form and mechanism xcs. Tho atap-by stop procedte fs Ba stacey an extra IMusteative Example Doterrsine the equtod M forthe combination type mechanism fr the rman Fg 6-860. Sten 1 Assume space ops mechanism (Fig. 5:0) Scop 2 Exablih the location of he center rotston, Thais dane by ‘onatueing a is ough ie gee (ature nd ols) of each a sntof ts macladan, nis cx. T's drawn east nae nd Cand another nels own hvough 6 and, Tho lnteracton oi two tne tO the center fvotaton ‘Step 3. Deterina the angles tough which etch paste tings las to: we in exlausting intemal viel wore Ratarina to Fe. -8(0) chosen nthe angle at. The tan CC; therfore @ tines te di nce batwoon 4 nd or AG: 8, eauie te dan CC" aed by detanes CO er e-SE_24e C0" ¢0 ‘The oiaon ofthe hinge a Fie now detains, With repeat fo point © F also rotates though angle 8. Distance AF testre eal 1) OF, 8 equals cstance FF" evded by distance OF. Fe _ OF GE oFI » The orton ofeach plastic moment ean now bo dterned with eepet Fouation ot Rotation a Fouaion 61 6= 65 Step 4. Caled the smount of intemal work 2M, 8 AC, OFAC , OF vw nfa-222 SEAS , OF Step & Calculate the smount of exams! work, Each exams oe Uli by he distance though whiz it moves. The detaneo ela tems of @ ep 8. Eval Interna 6 extol werk Gove fo fn tems af he lknds ar the dimensions of he rome, I shoul be not thet the ‘sansions esa in calelating the angle ‘cheng ean be determined by simple geomet, "iis attended tot Woy be seed rapt ‘Step 7. Draw tha plstie momontcgram using Mf caeuaed in step 6 itorosronomomanisnthettame pats hen Mths conwetmexnsner ‘wos essomed in Step Ihara ate any moment greta thon Mi hs Ineans hat a efeentmeekstim mut be sumed andthe proves as Poca to determine te emetic moment fy For the fame used inthis eran, the falls meckenses shown in Fig 5-9 oo also poe. In thee exes it wand nt be etary t0 ‘tabsh cola of etation. Designating tho vies angle ehenge © as ‘Shown, adract slulon i possible. The machanism ying the gest i, sth one for which th tame must be des nos Unitomiy Jondad taiss can also bo sobad with the vit work rood, Su iy be ave como TORR a, el me chansis cannot 1 assua Docae posible rig oeatons catnot bs prov lose, ‘One ways zn ulfrmiyIosde ares wil the vitst work math 'stosubsiluieconcentatesTodefortheunifsmloacs.-‘almesharems ‘mayen be sssumed end” tested" 0 sb here as any moments gat then the las moments ‘A cect reise ants maybe made with he id of ifr eats ‘Ak, design ods ats avaiable for the slvion af uti Tadd far (Plasie Design in Seat” AISC, 196). ‘The vital wok mwthod using diffe! calculus i stated lathe {tame iF 10. Taliaton oF Ws Hinge unknown a is dulled ab clstaoes tom point ———ETho extemal wok of th waiter na icaloulbad in two pats. To the lot of to hing, th ota oad we ond moves though an evcieged lance of © (4772) Theexternal woof telethon portion therfore ie soft) ilo In sierra, the exter! wor ofthe uniflora the ight of tho hinge is caleulted w= GY ‘ecm atic wh30e? | W820) wae Ue ee et “ota extemal wor 8 ‘The intemal work th sum ofthe product of thet plate moments and the ang dough wich ech eats Ton ond nk fe avating intra! wok to exten work yds ree oe ae For sway of pane mechenism, f= 0 and Eq, 66 becomes Ea. 64 For a batm ot combination mechirism, the value off eteminod ‘which would faut in mean Afg0" Therefor, My Im eae Bi Sard ims hed ate eta eH, _Bat? noe 4 Subottting in Ea. 5.6 iW fe te ©HD in Fy, 87, the equation for» bean meshaniem for uif loecad! beam vss, Me Malle spntunee ARR Vee any aaa the via nk method. ‘The veiloug gliders o “pine a iba ade, Howat compen te oon fa Bent wh mara conels wa hes Fortney tr! wind and si De lead far of 3, racy governs Thales # beanie mech wh “ha soliion by te Wit ork thod of ipl spen tomes eds is box Sead with an oars. (Gee Fg: Schl) uch eae, Wi fet nocease tha lave stent ates 's done by wena tho dteminent moment To ah a =i. 20 99-0 wae eH Senet 030g : an Ss le nar pn aa | Eyer Blof fae $0 - 0507 ‘Step 4. Compxte oral Work (Fg. 6-12¢0) tmmmfe Ld rose os $s 1470440 all % ‘Sten 8. Compute so extemal work (i. 5-11(6)) aes EW. 20(30 8) 4 2(305) #17120 0) +17(205) + 18125 Ew.a17850St99 Eat. 49 EE ad abe for My 40040, -=17058 “1, = 00 1s) $209 7. Cut the paste rman or aan CE My~ 061280) 216 ios ‘$09 8. Ueto te como nae monet costo fe dcrom (i. £11(¢). Tie one yng romwnecbo ep Ne etn. To sole verte and hotrotncton tr Se Inaance, moment taker iho hae clr Te an Reactors Von we eobedsmatoeout 39026 204-0 ~$#0 — 2080) — 20160) — 2544+ 90% v= "73 pe Hox 38 tipe Ina snr more arate kn fh ara thot oft pti igs non CE =300~215 +0120) +926) <0 4218399 — 1720) — 17640) + 460) +2425) =0 y= th kis By 120 koe The tew-oty coven ie cold by sinless. soe be ater ths pros to fame era) eed ss pen ftomes. The column CD, hfe le onsiered ibe Wr cour: oe ‘or the let ame and ono fr the rat em ‘Step 8. Draws psitiomomant diagram a show in Fig B11 hore are no ora ite hath gor tan the lose so ional mechasirms mus be ated 5-3 MOMENT BaLANeNe ‘The moment balsncing msthad i uel or efing the design of a fare et for orginal design canbe Wd to goad advantage tor ary type oh fteme and fr any type of oasing. Basically, tm proces of adsting (orbolencig) the moments in a frame to confam to the morse capacy factual aafabiesocons Helen a minanure weight of el ‘The sepby-tp prosedure ie utated by Fi. Se12 nnaceD swGLEsrony FRates us “Stop 1. There ple momntforthedtemsinant beam mechanism |e computes (Fg. 61200).‘Stop 2. _Abcomissolectedfort,.‘The eta plastiemement fish bythe section, My(0cam), willbe ater than tho reqled pase wo byan enount ‘Au = M, (oa) — hy ‘Step 3. iri eed wo the M, tthe contr of he bear ad sae fiom the ends (Fp. 8-12). iteror moments re posilve whee ‘roducetnson on tha bottom ars; end maton re potive when ‘ute clochwiss rotation on tha end of the member, “The relting (soe omen at the enter now exaty equa the (oom) fumishea by tha member selected. "Th not mement atthe ot 'M, (CL) is now tes than the ong, rout 1 offet the end hinge hee been tangled tothe column and Colin re socied for he emir plese moment, Was = My BM Thus, “moment balancing” hae tsi in » Wohi column than of ily selected. Insofar as gravy loading (F— 17) eanconed esign I como, ‘Stop 4. The ame designod in Sta trough 3 must ow bo chock for combined gravity and wind fads (F=1-3)._"The toauled plate "moment forthe beam under gravy loads ony in tha eos ie ceo I, = ba ‘Step & The “sway moment” is now ealultod. This i the moment out the boo of the fame eausod by nara (wn or sean) feade oa Jn Fin. 612{0) the sway momont ie Maway 1.30 the ate aed were oir itbutd he sway moment Would be Monty ‘Step 6. Tho sway moms My aes in Step Sis applied to tho Srytue. maybe cibuind bate tho let and oh coors a ene ‘rononton so long atthe 1Wo eoluron memenisequl fees fsa} Mt Me My The dashed line in Fg. 13 is he gravity moment diagram for = 1.3 ‘The std ino i Fig 5-18 shows the swoy moment coger, The d= ‘bution tothe columns can wary fem the ful moment aa to the hat Fie 98Cola (6:10) 20th al momenton Yet esa (ri 8-06 Fue 6-10), (senso pes Seer tg irene wna ae eerie ea 54 PROBLEMS Problem 6 Dating the efaps machi aed plc ant dota fo {frame in Fig. 5-143). Use the statieat math shown includes load factor of 1.3, eae Soution ‘Step Remove the redundant horaonta reationenecomputereetons ‘See Fig. 5140, Step 2. Draw the deeminant moment dean. The pot of zee 28 x73. 1835 tom the taht column ‘The maximum manent conpated as Maa 2751028) ~ 48 (15) 28200 Step 3. only force Xo sight support (Fig 5-14(c) wit al other loads S003, spon (Fig 8-14(0) with al othr Seep 4. Draw manent agra for Stop 3 in tame ofX. The womens Dt and € ual 20 ps ‘Step 6. Combine arent oarems for Stops 2and 4 (Fi. 5-14(@)). “onteeseon hat plstiehingss can be pede at the pointe themes Soteminane moment and at the top of the right column. "The paste ‘oment is eomputed as My (25208) = 126 hp Since thor a no momen lage than the plastic memont, the cal- ‘ulated Mfr the parteuler mechanism i ore ‘Step 6. The fin e-body eigram s shown in Fl 6:14(e), The only ‘thr mechanism possiiyf the bexm type sbown a Fg. 5-14(). Far {hs the elelted Ml 16.7 fps. Tatoo, the 125 ipmoront Problem 6-2 Detemine the ealapse mehonism nd plastic moment gram in Problem 6-1 by the vital Wok mated ‘Stop 1._Assuiie a mechani ofthe combination typs shove in Fi. 5-18, "Thoplase hinge inthe beam span is located a stance x tom te let suppot ae 8 degrada shown, Sep 2, Imana W295) S292, tent Wom 180 8 0788+ 07506 Step 4 Egtng eral tral wren son fr Myx ~ 057 8754 +75 Downing tn eet 0 ¥en etna dos 89 vil Tote y= 0515167748751.) +75 125s Stops, Sp 9. Polen 3 ye sn ‘chain ht wa 8) ween yf oy 0 eh Problem 6-2 Determine the elapse mochensr and pase moment diagram forthe ‘rama in Fi. 5-16()-. (See p. 114) Use the som-gephiesl method. onde chown ao fctre,© ere ee ; *Solution j Step The ame fe made seal data (Pq. §-16(0)) Bp ‘omoving the htzertel edundane econ. ‘Stop 2. The dtorinant moment re somputed ainetaly et Biba Sey gM Re, oT od © 220 980 1440 1700 1760 1620 1280 740 0 “Thas volus ate plated a tho dashed te in Fig. 5-180). ‘Stop 2. Theloadearoremored andthe edurdant foes Xie pple otha frame (Fa. 5-16) ‘Step 4. The dstonce xis cleulte fom Ea. 6.3, (0020) 55, Fats) ‘Stop 5. Figce §-16(0) ie now ued to determine tho flrs machanem and tho epprosmets paste moment dram. The bass lng, pivoting ‘out point 0, i eum whi wl el in euficiont paste Ngee fot ‘hi, The plentsmoment Misecledta be G401-tpe wt pint Jend 6. 1M, can be checked erthmatealy by ealulatng the fores X. The rnoment et Gender ual and anal My. Pom He. §-16(8) end Fi Bete) My 200%) X= 218 ine M,=21.6(20) = 040 tie OK ‘Stop 6. Thor are no moments nthe moment dag which exceed My 0 the mechonsm in Fig, -16(0 le ssumos we bo some. 620 -31.28 LUNaRAceD elate-stony FRaMus 2 Doiomine the collapse mechani and plastic merentdigram forthe Frome ng. &-17{@),_ Use the vel work method with @ canter of Foon, Losds shown ee festred. Sotuton Sup 1. Assume tho ellepse mechanlam a chown in Fig. 5-17(0). Seep 2 The canter of rotation is exabtshed by constucting @ tne tivugh hinges at and X and a fine tough hinges at Eand 2. Tha Inteweson et point Oe he canter af tation. Step 3. Tho ongl elaionship i as flows: 1 = 0 84(109—¥) Dor 04 (28) =25(20) ox 0, yh ong 2512500 = p10 =3) ~ W093 Stop 4. Celelte intra! Work LW. = M04 M0481) +, vem af 5 $0) 4 My02 Stop er Wo et acco) te Mines ean(eace sles +1 444427 cos f3(200 95) te EW, = 0472 08+ gp (6002 87.1x + 0.47242) ‘Step 6. Squstng Ital and External Werk =49.9e + 5002 oop + 28eMND 114 (2 7059)(%.00) 6300 mi eA rca erie 208, Other posible mechaniomeInetuding beet and panel spe ‘and are found to requ» plosie marant sir tan £00 pa Problem 65 Betemine the eos meehenlm ond plete moment dep for tha frame in Fg. 5-18(a). Lands shown om unfectord; the lateral ocd lt from wind. Use the "moment balenting” meth — Solution Step 1. Select gen for gi loads only; Fes 17. Fora 40-tepan My~ Ye. 7108) (40)? 256 ks so Wat x y= 288 eke Fora 5D-t pan My = Ye 191.8180)? = 298 ks se Wa, a = 402 fipsoe fom fe gh mM eh ore Stop 2. Detwmine Ans Fore 40-0 span Fora 60-41 sp0n 8M 266 ~255-~31 fine ‘AM = 602 858-4 tips I _ __# 2 2 g g tr a ee kak "8 a 4 * * A ~ Ma.5418 continued ‘Stop %. Determine clunn moment. The moment balance I shown in Fig 5-10(5). The required moments ao: For tot olum-224 flips se WIO380, My = 238 ps For cone column 170 flips Use WI8%35, = 200 kine For ight column ~ 394 f-kps| Use W248, My 2 eis ‘tap 4. etarmine moments fr gravity lsd oly: F= 13, Fora 40-t pon My~ # (13)(1.8)40)? = 195 f-ips For 860. span My= Ye (.8)(1.8)(60)2 = 304 foklpe “Th moment blancs is shown in Fl. 5-18),tes geo 402 hn iho 208 Rlip re wed for (ako 402 is) sway moments of | 198"0, end 186 solange iter. This sath pe shown in ig. 8:13(0), whore the sion cr omen iad eal einen the od ge the center column is balan fo rea ata ona fort azo IMomet tales fen made othe 40- span, Te “#106, 0, ond 108 The ox svalatteswey ramen me 20106) + 20190) = 427 ttre 260 ks OK. tg soto se omen of 27pm eg Ks no futher ineignton gure" ered 700 6 MULTISTORY BRACED FRAMES slot design ron tac tae conde bo ot of theca seco tamer sacked vows. Each elemertann ‘Stun ring be dco fr stongth sr gv lod ory {P17 and conde gaya tr eos = 13). ‘atonal, fos st of ea ads ry be impo nm cy buns for neo ban be folowing vexsone 7 to ule ave nay rcs ola obo she "Pd eet "entibadin Chaps oy Scone tyne, Tala {tral bang ths fet ost ba condor oe encod Sa blding roves ery an icesve aroun the oFeopants May caste ne mover pd bacon use, Torte # Ingato on ie ‘Suit mover daft ay Be mpore. even ugh to Buln Sihorto ctrl sound. Da cots! asseed nSeton W8 ‘cad mutstorybuldng orev Seslned eth wo ES TA suppor bent ane wih 9 vnc! acing stm wt slotline bers, Kessuned fatal inden: shear ae ceaad {helo ytom wich cava thar oar to ashes alr Bac bah 2A tour bon hx whines ete Bong yeon THE cyst coise te ind end the PA seas forte Bae bent 9 Wal ‘Sm pone Sr wih den ov ergo ai ‘An utuppored bens ot eset ete by the ASG Sa fieaten. ths oxo, eaily 8 copandert bay onthe ennasites ofthe fe itll. A method forthe plastic datgn of sn une Suppor ben! by con putt has bran proposed fn Rateanee 6 6-1 VERTICAL BRACING SYSTEM ‘The vertical brocig system within the bgead bont my be # shear wall ‘extn th one hight of tho bulging or one of several pes of cach ‘easing. The most popular eye show in Fi. 6-1, art X bschgh XK bracing andthe Worn truss, The dorign i essen lai sod ‘eacted in See, 67. ‘he X bracing sys has the sdventage that of tthe embed ae in tension and, as rsul tho eonaectons se leery sapien hea da Fsadvanago of 2 eedundant terbar and reautes tonscenbiy meg ‘aol hon ether af system or Waren tse Both he bracing syien an the Wore uss regi lee mater than Xtiscing, Alo, they may hove the achitostrl advantage of paring doors end other epings at mid epen, Ths i especiy ener oa tach % bracing an rode the grr span, wich my provide scones. Howoves ater contbuie paral tdi conten, In buisnge ro ‘itis imporant. igh ger maybe a dssdvantage tn such ene lone ‘and uneecnomis coluntsroy tesa 62 Pa Errécr Unreal toads (rnd ocelemi)a8eh stay na mutton bung wit ‘move ltsrlly 2 distance 8 wih respect to the story below The cea tbat spies t the top of tho column, terete evar scarute ea ‘xi of the column, See Fg. 6-2(9). “An addional momen, PA i ‘ated hich must bo rested by a eombioation of shot Gand nda At (as. €2() ond 6-200} d= an 420 (6) Ina braced malsory biting, ite ccumed hat ello he Pd momentis ‘existed by the sicy shea momont Oh, In esrerce, fe aoounen es ro, This valid or the usual case wher the varoal Sing een lees quite sit conpred toto fame ‘nan unbsced multory bulging tho PA momant is osumed to be ‘essed by sore combination of Oh and Wh,_‘Thisileence beac a ‘wo ssrumptions isthe baie dteoneabetiaen& beced ahd wate — Se 1 ornaraiy accepted design rl fo Ut ‘hsromianotcanesred wih let theeere vu ona resing sem wish bie eve spades asl ved barony 10 the vet bung Braced amen ime socd uly tie Tuy sro, beeen” onthe ‘mestory shes Bent torsupeon rn to ton bythe for stem 4nd - scl ote Yad Hos epcoon pe ina hypotot rede sano sn ‘Desi pos to tho veteal use esti ;eae yf ee ease : ‘P= the sum ofl verte lode athe patil level which dopend on the te for suppor, hips. led lector Ff 13 esd nts eto pari evel wt eterence 1 ha val bso, in ‘Acnetbod for computing the dt any lees dseribod in Sort 63 Jor EoUILIORIUM Column design roquies the soneldseion of lat equim, An slevtion of ypical foot iden athre-bay mulstry buling sshoun In Fig 6:3(8). The eeneponcing mectansn and plate manent da ‘ras are chown in Fig. 6-900) and Fi. 6-3), Each giter designed as thvc-hings mechanism, Tho plastic moments of the gkders ate designated ae Me, ME, and Mz. Tho ‘magnitude dapends on tho spon nd easing Fios-body lagamsot aint A 8, C and D are shown in Fig. 6-4 “Tie moment in thoi we the uppot en tower columns mus re together f tho not gtd momont Tora tpeal entetor clu such as A civ a maw svg oa) hate d= depth of the cola, es 08 | |4 Bis yeas yak Eek Fo Fora ype nec ch on 8 mma fr 9 eu fb 5) ies tt eM “00 moment sopacy of tho upper eolum mortent expec ofthe lower column Foc pratiminay column election, is sseumed that thea der moment ie ett eqally botweon the upper sna lower eal. My= Me = M2 69) ‘onthis bei pretininary colur sos are ssoctd fom the Column Design Chae, 6-4 JOINT ROTATION comPaTIBILTY In utr bulings, uppr and tower clans remington ott together Therefore ti essen o check he preliminary eal sete: ‘ion tos thatthe momont for which the column vrs dalgnad occur et 5 comman rotation ale 9, Moment Retntion Curves fortis purpoue ave bean develope an re ntuded in the Appar. “ho bis ofthe Moment Rotation Cone ie the M-P-®cune, Figure 6-6) inthe -P-8 cue fora pel wide-fongeshape.Wiploted by computing ine gngie of stain, 8, (Hg. 8-60) or vaio values of momort ‘Mond app lod PMomest-Rotation The fetors wich 1. Ves erat of 2 Pity rato 3 Stenderess ai ° ne (ie 0 cr) a any mana cally integrating the Af-P-$ curves, , i elf, ior 44, End moment to Bosal. thre ae nd moment ti @ re 1008 of MN ‘Seog, 6-7. 8 the magnitude and shape of ho hf, ~ Bure dopanding nthe ? 7 wow o 1 oypue & oe = ° 10 ie Neo © Fg.6-7 Types! mamentotationcrtes—Wide flange setiors Tiel alta sesnaionas this M, is maintained Slo ta seon ch Fata emt through geal enle ae inated yt on sect fecuveCoss 2. 9=0, Fi, 6-70, Tho ful ys may bo tached or vey pet 2, hve very if any, plata The ciate hy twine though any tgefiant otton, Cee 3, 910.7, 0-10) ‘Theta 4, i prolly ot eaehed and thercis vty heaton coped “he we ofthe Moment-Rotatlon Cures maybe irate by consid ing joint 8, Fig. 6-4." From ta, 65 Mm MO, Proliminany column stes are selected by exsuming tht My ‘explain in See. 6-3 ‘The appropiate Mamsnt-Rotaon Curves ef then conuled, if ‘ho upper and ier columns reach thar meximum moms at oman ‘he aigial clu stein is ovate bacuee the conSined mover ‘ual the eppied moment, This would be the casein Fin 6S ‘whete both column “pua o 6y feached is manu piv a 9 lsat we However, the eure "Meant be en nse oni otra LS oe ee Mu setdn seleted forte lar estonia would not havo reachad its Iasinm momentenpecy ent atethe uporcktn had "panked” and cy ah ap te i ene Septet a In Fig. 0-9, * i a , ° epee becee eae aaa c z “ eeei Upper clan wesehed Man at 8, (6-0) an te colar st 95 (Fi. @8(0)). Tos Combined ee shoo nga sho th the maximum int moment not ausiei ee Intstathisroatonmglety.Toamomnt ty tne ieee 10.othe momen of Me conbland saa The Marent tation Caves inated nine Append og Syl, Fae 110, wo te cures oreo nh sehen ‘ual stendones at Je should be aphasia esting ati, not cetary 1 cont elf the Colann Deng chan oi Sa etalon Cares. 'for Insane, inlog ABE se, wih ei ei . tect of soeondery moments fromthe vedic bracing system. 2 Later! torsional buckling foe. “Stop 8, Compute the dita he top ofthe vere bracing sytem for hovworil loose: FT le cone wih the forces exes In ‘Sep 6 The ltr Woo applied tothe rss should Into al Sod 40.2 kins Use weto, ‘Al columns ia the suture sr designed in a sinter manner, The "moment on columns on ine 2 computed as flows! 2M =H, = 118 4 (98) (1.2)(08) — €25—((9)(1.21(05) Me= 294 tens ‘The moment on columns online Cis computed a¢ follows: = My 118+ (95)(9)(1.7)(05) — 1392 fips Me= 69.8 t-kins Table 0 shows the dsign of al columns for F— 17. ‘Sioco all olurns een verse cunstura (0 MI AePin kee VP Kos anti design sale of bolt = 1.7(802) ~ 15:33 Kos From £9.73 For the welded connccton in Fig, 7-1(b) Je computed at nh ys aor sons bertalet) spies dota) Sr A 7 pin th inthe testa M71 the hoon components tee voll ca aPan bot ‘Noe: Asa est of ets, AISC sugges tht he morc sm oniveted or bolt esontic connections may be reduced. "Tho eaone for is ate he ‘fect of retinal restanoe and the pale ydstbution et Tastes Siressed st highload. Therefore, the acta moma sit, mey be cones, ted ta an festive moment sm by ating th emp imal es (24) an vt ee re aes) Seteowe Ute concn ne mam Pati 7-2 BEAM sPLICES ‘Atypical beam spose own in lg 7-30), Ae explane in Chapter 2 Ic is ot always necestry to design the connection fr the full ee ‘momento the bom, For design the assumption ie mad tht a te hear wart Vis cad bythe ve ad that to moment resisted ety by the fargo pot. Tk Fe conearatveto compte the Mange force ae M/s ‘The step-by-step procedure fellows, Relr tthe hea-body gram in ig. 7-30), 4 “1 Determine the dopth of ho shear lato dy The resistance 10 seep hanes ie gen by E4.2% Therefor, v Am aESF, het othe lt A ins be eodet fH nce pn dy. taming be om Riot ess edt oe ‘ol hfs unless th fet resi eas thn BBR ofthe gros ex In this {Shs cite te os neces FO fhe ren We du\Stap 2. Design the wed fetono:s. Fora toed cameetion thi i ides te numer ad ie ofthe bale for wel, it th eng ofthe ies, Fot the cose of one rv of ote Ve mrAry ‘whee equate the number af bots and AF, equals the oasis elowabl haa foe, ps othe case of mote then one row of bli an fra welded connect the eccenticyon the connactorgloup (welds o bol) maybe porta ‘Thectoo the connccion should bo designe ave tacks (60 Sac. 71] wwith 2 vrtza load V and @ moment eqial tothe product of Vaid th ‘Stop &.Detering th si ofthe Mange plate. From Fig. 7-9(), force tobe rested Is dy. Tho area of tho epice pat, hee, Is Aa gt the ‘As exllnd in Sep 4, no dadeton for holes atleast 85% of the gross aoa. ‘Step 4. Design she lange plete connectors. The force tobe essed by ‘he bok oe weld raquo the net ea a ang the connoeton ia bolted, the loed on each bot iF whate the tora mivor of bos in ho connection the connesin i welded the load pr inch of eld Fn where os ‘he ol length of weld nthe connacton. "econ le usualy not valved in tho flange connoston. tuetratve Example Design» bolted spies in span 2 fr the W166 gieder In Probie 2-4 (Fig, 2-1), Use 9 design moment of 50% of M. The eonnesin shown in Fis. 7-20) ‘Solution ‘Step 1. The sesso bean F923 rod though tho wsb e204 hips, From 204 ; Aan B= iggy 1080 Use PLIOx Am 19 nF Siop 2. Assume fl ameter A325 bolts in bewing-type connection wit tends not exuded trom shear bas. A. _ 26 vote For shear, n= 720i = 28 fect, 0— y= bata Use hao in. bots ‘Stop The lorcet ba waretored hough the Honge is a0 12 rape he eo the late eed Ania 20m Use PLB inex $n, A=300 Int Net Ares (asus 2-n ots) [e-20/1}=212in2>200In2 OK. “stop 4 Assume din, dlametar ASZ5 bls n a felon-type connection Inflaoge. Fox shear Use 6 bot, 2098 Fes sie i bots would probably be used for oth web ané flange 78 WELDED CORNER CONNECTIONS edd cers cnmetan can boo soe tps (Se Fi 7-4). They Wet es coered one sgh covederemns, Cove a ieiercecion sa ied on heures Fe tere convo ud rece te sa fhe ain ae ‘Even though haunches may be more costly to fabri Gavceont ‘Maunehed connections (euned ot nc, conor very ofion ee {Gpews) lo ney have advantages sees.hit is aN aS Pet. ee ore ge ‘The fiat of» unc on tho esonomy of he main pimatic members| ‘on be seen it ip. 7-8. The ginder al comns can be designed for mute plete mowers then wien asain comer connection tua Tn is ese, tha gis woul be daigned fon Mo P8 test tho latger A478. "The amount of reduction nM, would dope onthe lave Inogntudo of £ and. The connection must be desghed fr tha moment Ino heuch whch repeinay ogee eae fo “The acie design of @ welded eomat connection ofan type shown Ho re euite prmarly of deterring te eonneton flange thickness 5 the illrerrequremente, The design is exon « probier of Ene tales. The step-by-ta procdut flows. ‘stop 1. Determine the tenired plastic modulus of the connecion Hee sone by computing the spplied moran tthe saliow end ad 8 Tene el a (he. 7-4) of ench connection, Wf the connection ee ene to sctong, ite conskdned adequta in between, soo vw endef hauniched connection, the required esi a etcsiad egal tothe ofthorain mente. Forthe deer ae Mt laste moment fe Selemined ta the plas mame ‘Tagrom, Tis ean be stated from Fig. 76. aa,‘ho mauled plate modulus 2, ofthe eras seein ofthe deep & Me q Heue-0 “ ‘Stop 2. Detomine he dimensions ofthe ross section o th connaclo ‘This done by equating the ried plate modulus found in Stop 1 te equation ofthe plaste modclur ofthe connection ase built-up arboih the shallow and dog atti. co) where ‘b/= with of tho fange ofthe connection usualy made equal ta tha ‘with of th fange of he san pte member : thickness of te fang et he connection. L ‘= theknes ofthe connaction web usually made equate the thicken of the web of the main psmaie meer, in «1 depth of the connection whee the required psc modulus wes ‘omouted i Step 1. Fr the shalow sacon, dis takon a the depth of th prismatic bea. For the deep sncon ds taken a8 Shown in Fig. 7, ‘he only unknown in Eq 7.8 ie the theknes ofthe cosneton flange {eahich eon be ead sled for. ‘Acurved connection sa special case bacsute to locaton ete eal deep section deponds on the aeteal moment gradient and the ate of ‘umvature. "However, for procs! cares Mtl sully mot necoutty ‘compute the preci locaton. lan be asumed to Be at the pont vce the ale P= 42 inerects the comoresian lenge (ace Figs 7-4) em 74(0). Ina sight connacion the tension flange ad te comprsision ange rosin equal fre so thi sickness canbe mace the some sh equ the value at found by £8.76, ‘na cave or tanetdl conection the compression flange isnt nal tothe plsic modulus secon. Thaortealiy, must et lege foes ‘han does the tension fangs. Thetfre,f the engle between the come pression fangs andthe msin member lang © (Fig. 7-4), the boa of he Ecmpreson lange should be ae on i aieeend ate nee She sateen eae ae wismatic beam. Usul practi o make these silleners the some thick oss asthe flanges of tho Boom, even though minimum site plates woud HE err eevee cue oes Fament ny ue the spied moment My "Foro anita comneton tho rar rei em Myare spied to he pal web Ee show nthe fe-body diagram in i. 7.8 Tote ‘Thaforee Tisesited by webshear along line AB. Sincethe shear ld strngth © 85 Fede, the web thickness O88 a ele pi ofdagrl sire wos. The stones arta torts olor ove ested bye we. “elec esand be be 055A 4,4e “Te tot ovo fo berated is My “The fore ested bythe ile Fis AF 08 where, te are of the poi af toners or equlam Ma BF dd, + AF, cs 8 oa & “The agi! stone are Af torn tom Ea, 7.8 he eqn check deeb above Wan ete oh the ‘types ctleonrasions shown in Fig. 7-8. With @ caved of tapers« Fae cetmeson te 7-43 (0) a 0). pe check made sts Iomontthet patti enon faneteescoud bscanesbnato arg tines AB an AC, which radoces the components af fsa fos 6 carted by the diagonal stiffeners at A. Because of the ost sty of es buktg this assed nt to bo tho cas te eomprcaon Menge eres Monge re fange force eau cheok for a tight tapered connection is hen in fig 7. By tesoltion of ftess (Fig. 7-7()) tho since fovea Found br Fe Ch sn (45° 8) 4-030 48" 8) os whore =F, x ares of one of the compression fangs, Kps EE Sea ofthe ear comprossion face, Kips (Fm Fan of hepa of fone, Kips Euston 7a lo sed to determine stlfneraauement fore curved quater oped coneeeion. "Tho angle 8 fr these cases shown in Fr. 74 anal storie chould be welded to the web and bot flanges. ininum sed lt welds usully eis, ‘stop 4. Choc tral buckling of the compression Nongs DE and EF; A S20 Sete animate ofthe ea (unbssee) length sven by KLy= nb lz % where K-=octve length fetoratsuned to bo 08 re fea length for tral busking of compression Hangin tera of compression Hangs. R= yi ses of eomprossion fangs. kt Exel ein Padang mods 60 kl Fox A98 sta this becomes 535 710) auston 7.10 was obteined by the tangent medulus concert, Nie ara ssw thet the compression ange fly stressed 1, eee or sin trafangourteeches sual hardening, hatho ands Batt ee mend eolunn beton points of tera! suppor. Ta as in of teal support would be D, End 12 cond Le Fe ota svopon forth empresion flange must be provided. This can one sore pealiength transverse stoners. However it would ano acto economical io rcoons he arn othe compression noe psc ee ih ael sens in th lange woud be cacusiod and {abut fr Fy te obtain 2 ager eit enh.Step & Inde ats of curved heoneics, a cheek mus be made for ess btinga pietonenon where tbs ada componcnis of force nthe tuna eameetesin flanges band the flanges toward the web, Ties sen damonstated tat hs wl os bea protien if fat oa sete A equal the dis of curate ofthe compression fg n ‘algn the welded tapered connection shown in Fig. 7-8, Both he beam fd te ealunm are WI8X. Use AB se ‘i pe. Be pel rece roid = 2185) + 400 ane a len |‘Step 2 Dotamnine the mensions of the erss seston by comp theplsicmadulisottheeonmaeton at point. Thepanelweb tel ‘gle ado equal otha web ofthe WIR, edad —1y + le. 27s (an7 1) 4 SUA =29 Equsting 2 to 2sequted, the rslon lange thickness ie computed y= 082in, ‘Siac the angl of tar 8 sles than 20 th rere compen Mange hickoas oqukemon ie also 82, Fer eonnetion fags, uso PL 8 i. Bin ‘Stop 3. Chock for shot and sioner requitements ‘compression flange of the W155 ic © 980(85)3 = 267.8 kpe “Te fore F, which the sienare mst eit found by Bo, 7:8. Fem 20! sn (05? —~ 12") F,=2(087 80545) = 291.9 kipe “The ected ere af the pir of sian ie The foro i ABB, Es Use PL dint in, A802 ‘Stop 4. Chak otra ching. ‘on fang ie ound by Fay 7.0, Lom 53185) bee 450in>385in, OK “The iia tength of he compres: 7-4 WELDED BEAW-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS “here ae theo ty of walded beam-t0-calumin connection, es shown in Fi. 7-8. Ine” wp” connection Fp. 7-0), the unbalance ofthe {to Beam moment est ently bythe single clu, In "ide connection (Fig. 7-90), tho bear moment le buted beweon the ‘column ahove and bolo. nen "teor” eennsction (7 7 9(0), A Ll L the unbalonge of the two bears oman i lc dsributed between the ‘columns above ad belo. “Tho design of weed boon -o-eokimn coansetions consists primal of temining weather of nt sffenes are requied.Stflenee may bo recded to enor the web ofthe ange of te column. Horizontal ver ‘ial orto fone may be used (Fig. 7-10), “A ee-body cingro ofthe etumn et tha connaction fe shown in Fi “7-11 the foes oe the sharin tho clr Ff ond Pa, the she i ‘osod onthe cola and om the bean Vy and Vz and the eres om the beam moment 7, and CC “The top bys proces for he deign ofa welded boom-to- column connection follows ‘Step 7. Investigate the adequacy ofthe colran vr ores the boom ompresion force C. The aesumotion made that Ce debuted tho B » w ©ee 4 wal 4 i = & ecm eee col wo oer ti a6 y+ 5H) es chown in Fig. 7-12. This ss btn i ariray but has boon vere by expercce “The eaulbium equation c hem Fett 58) 742) wate Fay id ses ofthe bea kl “Ayo tee ofthe bear fange Fe} ‘Fra = il ses of th clus TE ttcknees of colar wan “Po thisneee of bsom fang {£eohume filet meron 1 ta clu wc Is 00 thin to say Ea 17.12, horizontal sens are desgned to vei he vcase of he Sad AC over hat etd bythe funn we Fhe BO Fi Frat +58) 13) where {AC ~ compression forest be vse byte iene, hips Fo Wl eros of hota, at Buckling ofthe efor must be conde. Beaouse the sino wlded slong i ong othe elu, an erat buckling ara is quite Compl K would be covert to dtemine the bucking lead of the CeoNEoTIONS AND DETALE 19 +r tT pe LULL soe cnptao se sioner Pa 8 a pn-endad column with feng xual ta the dimension titween clurn Manges, Then ACP, Ao, the widh-cknos: rao spciied by AISC mos! not be oxcoodo, Tor clurna with vey thik ange, E713 would bo extemay ean ervtive casa some shee would berated Wy tho Mange. Hower, to ecopted mud of evlating this lenge resitene fe curently aval ob ‘Step 2. Investigate the adequacy ofthe colunn lange to reset being dues the beam tension ores, Figure 7-13 lusratce the problem. The tipsofthe column Mange ate qitetesse compared tothe zone” which js clove fo th eolumn wab. To pleven pomature flue in this ze, ‘lene ee reuied 204 fan Be aay thickness of he estar fang. in sof tho bon ange, no Equation 7.14 was desived by the yet lina theory using conserve ‘ssumption ono length ofthe plats th bending achonisn nd the festive dimension of bear and eoluns. The devaion is giv in Beleeres 7 ifthe column flange thicknars fy I less than required by Ea. 714, cithorRoszoral or vrteal soars ar roquied. "Moonta stifles Se vsnly made fhe sre theknas as tho Bean Mange.are ‘Stop 3._tovetgnte th adaquscy ofthe column web tote sha {unbalanced moments The problem ur io hst deseibad in Ste "The eapecty ofthe column web to edt shears gven 96 “Theet searinposed urn the column ist below the ton ange of the Beam can Bese fom Fig. 7-11 a8 Hy} Py Fa. Therlre, 38) ng onthe web. Since the bear has reached ‘sb serum to bo fly yee in tonsion or Fo this recon tha we shoul be welded along te enve Tanath except he orton lor othe lange whore out ete sr equa for ‘linge welding. (Tests hove shown th thie pemieible) er wing use, ins belage enough oes te fcioned shear snd fo desl the yield sae ofa scton In ferlon sod comestlon ‘eo the peste moment O88; tade> Me Ts Ta ‘Stop 4 Desan she ite fel plate moment. ‘ious peo of fourvay baum to-elumn connections oe sbown in 1p 7-14 "These may be desgred ang be step-by-step pocads tood tn the acon. Teste ave denonsteiod tht she ei ee ny east thes comers donot preven adequate et cS i Seats oma ee Speman te ©CChack the welde Ina ‘some 436 soe ond £1 sotution 1 bran: ocbolimn eoenecton ta. 1OXX electrodes. * ‘Stop 1. Chick column wab eripliog of W14x30 by a. 7.12 Fur Ft +88) (36.0)(6.79)(089) ve. 98(0.969)(0.89 +5 x 128) Siena nt raquied 92 <88 kins ‘Step 2 Chock column flange tor tension by 4.7.18 49s, 04(6.72)(030) 0.68 0541-068 OK. No sitfengr ome. Step 9. Assuming Hy and fn Fg. 7-1 ae zea, the net seri ho olin can bm assumed tobe the torneo he bear ange capri, om eg. 738 O58 tec, ve [GTS x0383 5.0% 0.205] Ossie (ossa(1219 ve 36.01254—104), ors Ox ‘stop 4. The beum ange welder fll penadation groove ws. The sce pat sop welded toe or, cares reton bolts and serves 85 back-up forthe web groove wild 7-5. END PLATE CONNECTIONS tnd plate connectors re cmmonin plastiodeton. In adion 0 bean- {o-colunn connection, they ar agua sea peak and cave connec ons in igh ome. “Testes datbton in ond plato connections every complex and the connection slighty redundant. Fortisvxson any sian spprcech Irony approximate, ‘These betes eo types of en plat eannetions vse to dvs shetellplstic moment ofthe recton they connect. TypeA (Fig. 7-160) Wav thaplots extnded above the beast accommodste 8 pl of bolt 0 ‘help ea the tenon inthe tp lenge. Type B (Fp, 7-'G(0)) does nt seid flange, the dcign procogue fo" esch ecient. ‘Connesion Type Ae setume to act a= shown in Fig. 737. The momen sweated by fang compression ad tension forcrs., The cam: ‘roan fre rest by bearing epithe column web and the tesion| icted by he four fop bot acting as 2 tee connection. Tho Beton bls ate used combination with the op bale o resist the shor, ‘The bolt above tho top ange in eannocton Type A ere sitec! to “prin ation whieh, sein ther reckel-typ comacins increases hs force the bat vcpwing exon” i Mustted i Fp. 7-18. Inkl the load Tip ds~ ‘nut ere amen she bos as Fig 7-17. As adonal tad lid foros evelpe athe ie of the lange. For equiibsum the {etl bok ore 1/2 i ieoased 1 7/240 ‘Procue evaustion of te prying effect in @ patil connection f very ‘complica, he folowing empties! formule ae sigpestd for desian purpeet (20 Fg. 7-19).han poets s jedi ee eS on ne feet ee eres _emematnacestn nae coset scapes gogamarar ecg re mae ae ee w a o—|— fo RF mr [tOmbtes? —180re)9 A i Paes] a ea For connections vsing M20 bls 5 pf 0080)? — 14m) ie one emer oan cm aiPa. 739 Combining od eoving (748) tn ore consi petit for hinge to orm atthe bol ine prior to se Ninge fonpatn a the face ofthe web, 90 fy chou bo check for this tose Note thet no éeducion fe made fo} the bolt hoes. Tests have Shown that the proronea of bolt oles doos not reduce My because stain Inning enobles the fonges torent 9 condnuousl foreasig lod From Fig. 7-20(0) menor oss) wo (E ea) “The sep-by-ston procedure forho design of Typ en plate connee- sion flows. ‘Step 1 Design the weting ofthe baom fnge to the end pte. The ‘ange foro Is computed iter ie or groove wells ae sed For groove weld fore Te as- sumed to be dovlopd i ull penevaton is used. Filet wling is de + Signed forfore sing lngth eau tthe pasishary ofthe ange pole. merece aes meen seh seminars gh bah paces pera a eee ton force is computed fom Ea. 7-16." 7-17. Fora connection win fourbot tho wes est, the fal force on each Bot Fis r Aaa 2 ‘Step 4 Chock sar and tension om tho bots, Tie e done by heap‘Stop 6, Chock plate thickness using editions! pring ection ‘This ie done by Eas. 7.18 e720. ‘Step 6. Design the wob walling. Tiss done as desabed in ‘Section 7-4, ‘Seep 7. Choo sitfaner wqulonenie. Equtions 7.12, 7.89 ond may be used but ar overly eonsowativo If is eomared to bs on thickness fre coun tage, Therefore, rary engineer conse bt cur ofthe catums flange dcknate and tha ond pl thick Iustreive Example Dosign 2 Type A ene piste connsetion o develo the plete am ol Wiow%5, "Use AS® sts! snd A325 bole, Greer at working loa 30 ips. Soo Fi. 7-21 ‘otition ‘tap 1. Desig th wel ons tnom lange oh od ne Tate HOO) 169 gn Length of wed avainbie 704-4 (7.04036) +2(0868) 490 > Ahi o itt weld rogue 4 pai, tage ee ere 1s tot wold ep 2, Detainee en pat dimensions 183 se FMB 40 tne fede ae cog oe iat 2 [ASAE = 2 va89= 140 0 sy Wen ae ‘Step 2. Detomrine th see and typeof theension bots. Assume fn inter A228 bolt Uso Ea. 7.1. @_ [too so.ops— 18(6375)014876)7) _ B= [ourentan ears srentaaz5= | ~20% (046 Ac002 = 0 (00 pri action) “ote load perk = 46 ns Plastic design value fore Toi, darter A825 bok = Eales Ox stop & Chock conned thw and son on th bts PEL tosis 821s) OK swap 6. Check od pnt eee 2 [TT sain ox oon mo 1096 Dwg ha ba wa wlng See Fatnies weld natesutig et at Sos Table7-2 30717 _ 520i BA ase 0Kiets ant to davetop web to 38 ka terion and compression. D the mater of one-sitocthe of file 9 ‘y= aie moment of boom. in ps /enson foes ne single ol Kis $340)(99)_ 5 500.4 woh py —nambor of bas De ABCs ca tel cmerse ten = launce betveen he conor ofthe bot lange tothe conte of “Stop 7. Chock colin sifenr roqutementsuslag Fas. 712, 7.184 sete tee 734 “is procedure deserbed stove x considered vl ifthe Fores does nat dec! ths prootloedof thee wich dotnet asthe fens fee which [hs bot wa stain without permanant st Theat enue of ASOT ard Ae ls oe assonaly the sme 2 thie plone design lads, Won sing tose bls threo, Fala, ‘ie proof for A826 bl, howe about § to 185 es then he ioweUoagh ste the absence of edtine! nfomton, hort, [ie saguetod tht whan utng AS25 bolts in Typ & ond pte connections Fe (STAR = 180AF, ‘ho thitness of the end lt ye detarminod from th fes-body de ramahownln ig. 7-23(a), Agree consonsiveepprocho esse Fr thing machessm os ia Fig. 7-25(0). Using this assumption, the fist telnet daterminod a oon “Type B ond piste connections se calgned diferonty fon Ty ‘Algrin hice tha ols ar not coniderea to bo subj to pring “The dotgn apoio for oterang bok loads or Type snd Fig. 7-22. The plosio moron a vssted by tonsion fres Inthe Coupled wih compression rc Inte the cantor of to Beto fa tthe been, Althe usparbos se considered tobe caring ental {ne ine feshon tote tena strose putin eesumed in compa thaplosie modus ofecctlonsin roi. The Belt roar te compre iano fs zosunad to be caring shear only. The compression foro tssomed to spread thigughou the end pst silent fo balonce incon frees Thee ne speci problem to he designer nhs asp “Tho torsion free ha bol computed by feking maren’s bout contr ofthe bottom othe lang2 rom, : My= Th Fybh M snp ©. eBid Wt . cage Matz consign ng ~ f 29) ew appear that # nore aly assumption and one which woud recat ing i et end plate thickness the two-hinge theory In ‘tein Fig. 7-25(c) In this ee Flu ye “Th ute in ‘ 2 28)poles ¥ é Tyler in Ye 7 Foc tap.729 ond 728 = wi of a ag tytn ou i stance tom ho exter tthe eam fangs tthe cece ‘uppermost bolt, in. : 7 ‘r= ho tangs ety 6 eh bl (as-t ange wi) i Tho choice the 7.28 oa, 728 sin te ee. wns nein ae so sn torhedesqots ype Bands Step 1. Den te wong ofthe ba heb fg 0h oad pe Ie done exactly the same as Step 1 for Type A connections, * Step 2. Detwne th enerione ofthe end plate width are determined by the beam profile. a ‘ithar by £4. 7.23 oF Eq. 7.24, a The tag ‘ho thickness fe doer Sep 3. Design te 826, umber ad pata ofthe tension bots, By tcc ths ee Ul a enor process A design assum and then (hacked by Eq, 7.2210 sei itis edoavte Step 4. Chock the Bote for shear and ension by he appropiate ne fuscn equation, Foe beang-tpe connections with thveeds exladed Iron the shes plane, Tale 1-5 cam be used. ‘St Design she wab welding i a snuar manner at Sie 6 for Tyee ‘cod plat comin ‘Stop 6. Chack column stlfene regrets using uations nS. 7-6, lustrative Brampte bosign a Type 8 end plete connection to develop the lose mamont of 2 ‘yresea6, "Assume AGG tas and @ working load shea of SO Ks, Use {iw oba-hings mechani theory to obs end pat thickness Solution Assume bak patem shown in Fig. 7-26 ‘Step 1. Design the weding ofthe beam lange tothe end plats. Uso ful penton groove wold anges ‘ih 7 2h | wl P : ewe fT THe= (ERR ORO _ 75, EaN a0 " Use P= tin thick ‘Stop 3. Design the tension bois 49212 sera FUP Hy ~ 288 tins <40.80(09) ~ 388 kis Uso st fn. ameter ble ‘Stop 4. Chock th bolts for conbined shes and tenon. M2bI562I5) OK. ‘Step 6. Design the‘beam web welding. Length of weld oeaebie = 1585-26428) Wild vequied fr sbacr Toy. lot Wied sce to develop web. D equals the numberof one-sntoanths of Set wel £0.298)¢06) TROT ‘Step € Check calurn sine eaicarans, Hay. 4 so in wks OK 7-6 DESIGN OF HINGE BRACING Hinge baring reuters a iene for the fist hinges to fom than thoy ar fore let ingest fo Forthe fst tinge form ltr! brace requ on the compassion tion ajacont wr rao a8 eased dpanding on he a atid docerbed Soo 2-4. These Sov shuld be Vide ot scarey bles. Ee ae oom, no apc otra bang raw ie a ce acetic hniebecass the pl eon xo hat te rina poe eon cached when he hinge tts tote, Howe aac eae gerign els apo rogarsing to maximum U- tard env atthe comresion Tras. Aen ne anuonco of hinge een a apparent, ateal boing, nelaing the alacant bres feud a al tinge locations. 1 Rs mormel aring, oot foot corstueton proviso ‘edaquate fr this purpose ne greqieed, Jost conetocon fr instana, is eonsired for eto a Bry on Matic Das go fr ee een eee soem onc sd ten enous Baur sin vt ayes tr tae convene of toader (Refer Fin. 7-28) YT dulerareslh‘To provid adequate axial stnath az2biy Ae Tele a Te provement bing wasn (ing 4 wie org ha sha bacing mene) nsoo(e)) q To provide nt ai tiene bate 40-8 eft 10 7 cy vere ‘bang wih of tho tain boom tobe bred ‘ngs theres ofthe min bor oe ace, stance betnoon adjacent braces = brscing aa equod frm E5725, n= cual rscing ate povided in? tenath ofthe blog mers, 1, Stargor af thet spans Ly and LF = depth of boom tobe braced in. “A= at of eres eeton of bam to be braced, in? ‘These rules are based on braces fring into enc side of the ma member, I eny one bree provided, on end Wao, te requis men se dostied ‘Stora ee equine at ll pati hngos located at points of cons ‘eontated los. Tne would apply to pest hinges tenn estions. Bioner Nowavor, aro not quod at a plete hinge loestln wan nite loaded span, In he respec ost eonswetion is considered gust atoning 77 PROBLEMS. Problem 74 tuning the sve of the fit wd wqulted fr th backs in Fig. 7-28 ‘Aasuie F7OXX eleciodes anda load 01 of 17. ‘solution Fron the pndpts of mechan, # te computed 00 1.25%n. ard J 56 in3, From symmety 7=52 In vg _14.260.6)(100-=1.25)(878) FVII) a pf 458 kipsn, feel ee aa ones rae ore asin = sagsti Ag 128 oon combining vetoray Fem VOTES FEE)? 9.45 Ken Use dint, From Tale 1-2, = 847 KosiPra Design la ps for ha te nection is shown in Fig, 7-27. - Sotaton Stop 3. Design tbe web pla seb. Uns P10 nt This ‘The sme pts can be used for I veboer | 00rd sor. ‘eonntcTIONS AWD DETAILS 09 Step 2, esgn the web weling Assure plate 9in. wit with tho eee. 2e waldo nF. 7-77(8). The polar poment of nets Fi ie The abi blow computes & Ar? and fos The weld wide te eolecint wit a eda 10 bo st wlio, ea sbslacire ct onis taint jas aon seco shan 188 lot AB ti wPae + (10x, 984) + 21428 144%) = 943s ty EZ Yrnztio)9 + 2t4/4204.26)0)9 + 2) 64-2516 07) T2066 ino Tee byob ly 3008 n> “Te ore por nar nc nthe taront 3 wold F, which fest rom ‘nec. fhe gtoup, ean no be dsterined “he vial force duo to shes 204 re “The vetial owe duet moment (204)(7.08)(428— 088). 5 4 kps pain “The eon fore de to moment 2.700508) _ 320 ip prn Combining veto the vores a hoon ores Fe VETERE EERO = 29 his erin ‘Use let ge Ho 1-2, Aine con ek 9 ore of 6.74 bipfin ‘tap 2, Design the flange late 9 a Use PL Gin. $n, A= 22812 1.1 tps erin = 201‘Step 4. Design the flange vlna. Langt of Yn. et weld se Zar cord ihe Mange ite 8 i, onta the Bese ange to prove 18 i ‘wold, A worsvese wid at tho end af the ple ea ascesory Problem 7-9 ‘Chac h dcign tha igo conection in Fig. 7-28 fora plastic more "720 tks. Sto is ASG and bots are fn. dametar AS2S. Sha eal Sotution Connections 2 Type ond late ‘Step 1. Design the wong ofthe beam Flange tothe end pt, Fl nee caee Jodi toto arse a, 728 “Seap 2, Usa thy iwo-tnge mechanism taory to dateine at ck est Fem Ea 728 Use Yen. PL ‘Step. Detemine the fore Ia the toon bel 12) << 40.85(0.9) =36.8 Kips OK = MOND 337 pe <40954 ‘step, Combined sbeor aed tenton ented because shar Pot = fen ‘Step & Fulipenatation groove weld fe eueuation eae. , ‘Stop 6. _stifoners are not nocessary whan ter ar rect” opposing ‘compression feees. tor wed onthe wad. ThortorREFERENCES _ +. amojcn tite of Sl Cran,” Contin Maa” 70 Eat, 1 ree a Gen StuctuatEnpbeing Hondboa,New Yom Metron H8 «bea, pmacon aa Hana" Den of Mater Fes by ‘one ling ai sce, oH een a teat Cesare Cetus Succ” Eee ene 238 Ot HO nana cunt “P eee ete ae rine’s Onn” Eniening vara 8 He 148 (ecsoer08n. oer suet rac, tence Cte: Pic Hal 808, eae Se Den of Set Sets ew YJ Wey © Sm Ac, ee Sry Conner on Sen Sasi ASCE nd Cea ar cout carb, Mow. 70 I eel Hasan Comectenn” Fz tree rae er ih Unb, Sehiehon Pore 1sAPPENDIX A AISC Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings : Part 2—Piastic Design SECTION 21 SCOPE ‘subject 1 the nations contained heen, simple or continuous beams Seti uo sy Hid fame, becom cory gid fre, nd Sin Sovione of arvctiaoe sigly conctucted so a fe bo continuous ovr at Perse biator auppan rey ba preporioned on the basi of plese BES Lat 'on the bene of the maximum stength. This stengty 95 Seine! Sp rotenal analy, salt sot bo fxs than tat requed t@ eae focored oad ome o.7 mes th given iv load and deed lod EPS Tunae se lode sting In eaejuncton wath 13 times any specifod ‘wide eathaaks Fores, i arcs shal sts to raquements fr Type 1. constusion i theebin ofthe tamess powdedin Sect 12 Type constuction esr Iba Toranoersbetwecn dg ames Conrestonsjining aorionot ‘Tnvoetue Joined en the Bol of pase bahavor wih p parton nots Jeet nand-be no more hid than ordinary seat-and-cap engle Stondard web camectons, ince plas signs ust athe bess for proportioning continuous tame ena atucturl ames the provisions relating to aloable working Dem ieunadin Pet ave waved. EAcapt se hod by dese es, Fowever: a oer prtnent protons of Part shal oven ise tot resommonded tat ene rmoreys be designed continuous vie tyebmet ee calura os sopig hol bsInatorvadeat sepponta on the basi of mexlmum evsngth. Howoul fe me ont siparing wan anya ay bs cna 2 co Commentary nen provisions fr plete éaign ware tht invozuead inc th AIS Specticaion 160%, ther woo wes Had to oro. end tWo-cor frames." Howewer ns noe isthe Conaanaryet a tno, thoy wat ‘uid oun th are of iam cage for mut cay bulge if rvitanss {str Toress mpl fo the biking wae provided by rear eta hon i Doading snes of tess beans “The bending sent ofa compact lxucl mamber greater than strongth ot inel yseting, ion knount tossid bythe shape ect ‘ote profess non-compact member {nating the presions of Sect. 1 ‘ut ot thos of Soet 27), uel ha itl esr songth beyond th lll, because of bucking. Hence, for such mone may be ‘hatte efter chape factor E10 “The epoter boning seni of compact sections is recognized in art of io Spostieaton by hicrasing the aloweble Bending ses Oseh,. By thosome token, ths loge load factor for plastically designe teat en by tn euton Fy och pe ed the AISC Steal Constasction Manuel, the variation of (f) is from 1.19 to 422 witha mode of 142. Then the conesponding led fecior ms ery {hom 1.57 to 188 wth 8 mode of 1.70. ‘Such fad fecor fs consort lio bt lace wth thet Inara Intheallovabloworling arses fr tanslon momborsanddaepplae gers ‘Wii los factor of 1.7, compara to tho baste 873 fac of safety ine bates in woking ses espn was specied for beams the ecomrnded {oad Tato fr fares sta whol was 188, pending trie! instigation of calunn and tae sabity robs. ‘heaeh yarn fe bean competed lace 1961" hae paved bet ndattandng ofthe uate sven of heavily loaded columns subjected te eoncunent ooreog moments. Based upon ths iformaion, th load {ctor ot ames et eon made tho sama shat provided fr mbes sub [pet only to bending. Cooostent wih this chang, the oad feo 1 be {Sedin designing for ei loading eorblnes wth wid or ese oading fs eer eon fom 1491.3 Tse on continuing resareh_ot Lehigh Univsshy on mulistory teeming!" enplcaion ofthe Spesietion provisions hat been extended “an Ct lis .¥Bo oho xian, ASCE Jou eb ste sul ion, ge 1806 Se En ots sas ot MoS eestor Nt Fite evan si gti 389th ne Sima SE Eocene 186: samen nihssa baking rie niet corte tony trl aang,” Syste recat hy ae rect Wk cig in proparoning the member af 2 {or oppcaon ot aeetgpo an are alee inthe caret Ha SECTION 22 STRUCTURAL STEEL ‘Sutra oo all onforn to one of tho ow =e Fe Heh a ie tno ores see gr ie BTN AS = Le a Tay ntl ie wh 50000 ps Moen itd Pot to in hick, ETM, ROBE Tretuo to compet design a pana ing sectetions. best aan am one Tepes are io eee waren irariacnelietee yt sok nade puyol Sens aterm? With me sven of AST Sperleakey ero in 1966, further investigation wes undertaken which indies ie ger Meier est a erento haa boon ineeases eesorngy. section 23 VERTICAL BRACING SYSTEM slo a vrei reg art fo lesa dexond bce The sete ig orden by 2 onl sa eet bang of he stander eae gy oe Oe cf Se May Frente Pasc Ma ing Soa deen Glas 7.V. Czech Senate!2, Msinnn th ctl stably of the stuctrs, incuing the ava turing offsets of ail, under fateed gravy plus Tacteod Reh onl oe, “Tho vaca bacng Eigel ional bung est secrion 24 COLUMNS af clone which wo Simo (sal ia develo » plat Hoge to tho plane af boning ain soe te Mier cing. ths tend nese Pep =A TAF (24s) pe Ao ho gos rn ofthe amr and defied bY Fee Oe iene Oe shall {11} stared een ted a tone ans beng nae #8 ate sr sn aon iran fom Pal <18 242) FG he en By Me et0imeM, Sati <1 Inshien 1 ~ nexium epplled moment aa sino in See 1.84 te el hr Fan ane in 2 Saheb dies Mt 188 = cotte oment tt canbe ‘ence ofa oe For columns braced Inthe weak esto Me= Mo ‘wy the somber nthe ot bard assay Fame he Pte Mato, SC mang J ore SS Mon ffi PateFor columns unbaead in the weak diction (aa Basel on ressich competed snes tho previous eon of the Speco ‘ion, provisions fr design ef beams colurns have been cncral lod Fenmoles (24-2) and (24-3) wal bo rcogrice os sire ype Formotes (1.6-1e) snd (1.6-1b) in Part, exo ta ey are won toms of fectowd loads and. moments, insted of soma swrson feeves losing! Ain tha ease of Forms (18-15) a (18.18), Py ate on he bess of oper endear ay en vn engl ' cotunn is conser to bo fey brace if the sone to ¢ ‘between the braced points ies thon or onal ath spetiod a Seat 4. For ling vluce or appieabl a vvous yd Svs sels ad and ‘moment rato, coe Seet'2.9n Appenin A ‘When te unbtaced length rte of» member bent aout ts song xi exceeds teint spaced n Sect 29, thertaon eapacty of ts meray ‘ay bs lope, due to the combined fouanes of ate and lorena sfomation. tostch an esto tat pasts Hinge acon vn tne meat fannot be counted upon. However Ith computed ylge of Ms al snoughsthetthe nations of Formals (24-2) and (248) se mathe ‘embe illbestong enough function as oint whe he reuited Rng Satin i provided in anther member entering ths jon An assured "eduction in moran-esiting eapacty Ie provided hy sing the value Mg, copied fom Foxsaa (248), by Formule (24-2) Formule (24) was duetopod empaths tar of et observe tions and provides on estate of tho ere! lates backing mment ih ‘ho aban of aria load, forthe ones where Milf 16. Fos het ‘values ft aati provided by srg th eppioiate vas sedetad in See 161. Foumite (2-4 eto usd ony in connection with Fos (24-2) Spice lees containing plainly sosigned planar gid tas oie ‘sssumad io be eupperiod apa silenway noma fotos tenes Do ‘nding con. thar condiions of retant the bas fo detest of ‘ropat vale fr Fad Py ahd Min, To 2 placa designed cola ‘venta to rest bending about song ake sutra in fable © 2 + rico a. Mote beg of Mu Sto Fanestacde Ne (48) nde tan sen pote 336 Ltph nny se 1 esse pols ae snpon onespon Ir a cla Whun Kinet value govsred ae aoe a3 af te Speetcaion. soy, Rell Es wna SECTION 2.5 SHEAR ‘ection sallbe 2 proporoned tht Ve

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