Appendiks C. Spesifikasi Peralatan + Distilasi

Appendiks C
Perhitungan Spesifikasi Peralatan
Data Densitas, (mol/L) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Komponen C1 C2 C3 C4
Methanol 2.3267 0.2707 512.5000 0.2471
Karbonmonoksida 2.8970 0.2753 132.9200 0.2813
Air -13.8510 0.6404 -0.0019
Asam format 1.9380 0.2423 588.0000 0.2444
Metil asetat 1.1300 0.2593 506.5500 0.2764
Dimetil eter 0.9554 0.2685 466.7000 0.2814
Karbon dioksida 2.7680 0.2621 304.2100 0.2908
Hidrogen 5.4140 0.3489 33.1900 0.2706
Metana 2.9214 0.2898 190.5600 0.2888
Asam asetat 1.4486 0.2589 591.9500 0.2529
Asam propionat 1.0969 0.2557 600.8100 0.2804
Perhitungan densitas senyawa selain air:
Perhitungan densitas air:
Data Viskositas Vapor, (Pa.s) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Komponen C1 C2 C3 C4
Methanol 0.000000307 0.6966 205.0000
Karbonmonoksida 0.000001113 0.5338 94.7000
Air 0.000000017 1.1146
Asam format 0.000000286 0.6958 184.2500
Metil asetat 0.000001323 0.4885 504.3000
Dimetil eter 0.000002680 0.3975 534.0000
Karbon dioksida 0.000002148 0.4600 290.0000
Hidrogen 0.000000180 0.6850 -0.5900 140.0000
Metana 0.000000525 0.5901 105.6700
Asam asetat 0.000000027 1.0123 7.4948
Asam propionat 0.000000161 0.7457 159.3000
Perhitungan viskositas
Data Viskositas Liquid, (Pa.s) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Komponen C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Methanol -25.32 1789.20 2.0690
Karbonmonoksida -4.97 97.67 -1.1088
Air -52.84 3703.60 5.8660 0.0000 10.00
Asam format -48.53 3394.70 5.3903
Metil asetat 13.56 -187.30 -3.6592
Dimetil eter -10.62 448.99 0.0001
Karbon dioksida 18.78 -402.92 -4.6854 0.0000 10.00
Hidrogen -11.66 24.70 -0.2610 0.0000 10.00
Metana -6.16 178.15 -0.9524 0.0000 10.00
Asam asetat -9.03 1212.30 -0.32
Asam propionat -23.93 1834.60 1.91
Perhitungan viskositas:
C.1 Crude Acetic Acid Pump (P-101)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan crude acetic acid dari Bubble Column Loop Reactor (R-1
menuju flash drum (V-104)
Tipe : Pompa Sentrifugal
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel AISI Tipe 316
Skema :
14 Flash Drum
V-104
T14
P14
z14
F14
13
Reactor
R-101
T13
P13
z13
F13
Keterangan :
F13 : Aliran crude acetic acid dari reaktor (R-101)
F14 : Aliran menuju flash drum (V-104)
Friction Loss yang diperhitungkan antara lain:

1. Friksi karena kontraksi dari tangki ke pipa
2. Friksi pada pipa lurus
3. Friksi pada 90 elbow
4. Friksi karena ekspansi
Persamaan untuk menghitung Ws pompa adalah :
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
1. Kecepatan fluida masuk dan keluar konstan (v = 0)
2. Fluida dianggap incompressible
3. Sifat fisis fluida dianggap tetap (konstan)
4. Sistem beroperasi secara isotermal
5. Efisiensi pompa sebesar 65% (=0.65)
Data-data perhitungan:
T13 = 180.00 C T14 =
P13 = 30.00 atm P14 =
z13 = 0.00 (sebagai titik referensi) z14 =
Panjang pipa = 63.00
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3
1 atm = 101325 N/m2
g = 9.81 m/s2
1 hp = 0.74570 Kw
Perhitungan densitas pada 180C
Komponen T (K) at T
at T (mol/L) (kg/m3)
CH3OH 453.15 18.51 592.16
CO 453.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 453.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 453.15 21.52 989.71
CH3COOCH3 453.15 9.00 665.68
CH3OCH3 453.15 5.78 266.07
CO2 453.15 10.56 464.64
H2 453.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 453.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 453.15 14.27 856.21
CH3CH2COOH 453.15 10.77 796.75
Aliran 13 Aliran 14
Komponen Massa (kg) xi Massa (kg) xi
CH3OH 536.20 0.02 536.20 0.02
CO 3.94 0.00 3.94 0.00
H2O 227.90 0.01 227.90 0.01
HCOOH 6.81 0.00 6.81 0.00
CH3COOCH3 126.95 0.01 126.95 0.01
CH3OCH3 7.23 0.00 7.23 0.00
CO2 22.28 0.00 22.28 0.00
H2 0.63 0.00 0.63 0.00
CH4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3COOH 21541.00 0.91 21541.00 0.91
CH3CH2COOH 1247.94 0.05 1247.94 0.05
Total 23720.89 1.00 23720.89 1.00
Densitas rata-rata campuran =
= 846.58 kg/m3
Perhitungan viskositas pada 180C
_
Komponen T(K)
_ at T (kg/m.s)
CH3OH 453.15 0.0000150

CO 453.15 0.0000241
H2O 453.15 0.0000156
HCOOH 453.15 0.0000143
CH3COOCH3 453.15 0.0000124
CH3OCH3 453.15 0.0000140
CO2 453.15 0.0000218
H2 453.15 0.0000119
CH4 453.15 0.0000157
CH3COOH 453.15 0.0000130
CH3CH2COOH 453.15 0.0000114
Viskositas rata-rata campuran =
= 0.000013 kg/ m.s

a. Menghitung debit cairan
Asumsi over design = 20%
F design = _ 120%*F
= _ 28465.07 kg/jam
= 7.91 kg/s

Q = F/
= 28.02 m^3/jam
= 0.01 m^3/s
b. Menghitung diameter pipa optimum

D optimum = 226*F design^0.5*^-0.35
= 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
= 60.04 mm
= 2.36 in
Standarisasi = 2.5 in
Ukuran commercial steel pipe 2.5 in adalah (Geankoplis, 1993):
Pipe size 2.5 in = 0.0635 m
OD 2.875 in = 0.073025 m
Sch. 40
ID 2.469 in = 0.0627126 m
c. Menentukan bilangan Reynold (Nre)
Nre = (*ID*v)/
Kecepatan aliran, v = Q/A = Q/(1/4**D^2)

= 2.52 m/s
Sehingga, nilai Nre adalah:
Nre = 10,318,724.24 = 10^7 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)
d. Menghitung fanning factor (f)

untuk Turbulen, =1
Roughness, = 4.6*10^-5 m (untuk pipa commercial steel)
/D = 0.0007335
Dari gambar 2.10-3 Geankoplis (1993), diperoleh f = 0.0047
e. Menghitung Friction Loss

1. Friksi karena kontraksi dari reaktor ke pipa
Koefisien kontraksi, Kc = 0.55*(1-(A2/A1)
= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
Friction loss, hc = Kc*v^2/2 (Geankoplis, 1993, persamaan 2.10-16)
= 1.75 J/kg
Friction loss, Ff = 4*f*L*v^2/(ID*2) (Geankoplis, 1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
= 60.02 J/kg

Jumlah elbow = 2
Kf untuk 90 elbow = 0.75
Friction loss, hf = Kf*v^2/2 (Geankoplis, 1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
= 4.77 J/kg
4. Friksi karena enlargement

Koefien ekspansi, Kex = (1-A1/A2)^2
= (1-0)^2 = 1
Friction loss, hex = Kex*v^2/2 (Geankoplis, 1993, persamaan 2.10-15)
= 3.18 J/kg
Total Friksi, F = hc + Ff + hf + hex = 69.71 J/kg
f. menghitung tenaga pompa yang digunakan
= 158.19 J/kg
Wp = 243.37 J/kg
Pump Kw = 1.92 kW
= 2.58 hp
Jadi, digunakan pompa dengan daya sebesar 3 hp
C.2 Combined methanol pump (P-102)

Fungsi : _13 )+ + Mengalirkan metanol dari combined methanol storage vessel (V-105) m
=(_14_13)/+g(_14
( 14 ^212^2)/2 Bubble Column Loop Reactor (R-101)
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel AISI Tipe 316
Skema :
Reaktor
R-101
T12
P12
z12
12
F12
10
Vessel
V-105
T10
P10
z10
F10
Keterangan :
F10 : Aliran mixed methanol dari combined methanol storage vessel (V-105)
F12 : Aliran menuju bubble column loop reactor (R-101)

Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
T10 = 120.00 C T12 =
P10 = 5.00 atm P12 =
Panjang pipa = 60.00 m
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3 g =
1 atm = 101325 N/m2 1 hp =
Komponen T (K) at T
CH3OH 393.15 21.38 684.24
CO 393.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 393.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 393.15 23.61 1086.28
CH3COOCH3 393.15 10.64 787.24
CH3OCH3 393.15 7.78 357.77
CO2 393.15 10.56 464.64
H2 393.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 393.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 393.15 15.60 935.96
CH3CH2COOH 393.15 11.81 873.81
Aliran 10 Aliran 12
CH3OH 13411.15 0.88 13411.15 0.88
CO 5.70 0.00 5.70 0.00
H2O 161.84 0.01 161.84 0.01
HCOOH 6.81 0.00 6.81 0.00
CH3COOCH3 1404.99 0.09 1404.99 0.09
CH3OCH3 3.99 0.00 3.99 0.00
CO2 7.41 0.00 7.41 0.00
H2 0.57 0.00 0.57 0.00
CH4 3.42 0.00 3.42 0.00
CH3COOH 199.29 0.01 199.29 0.01
CH3CH2COOH 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 15205.18 1.00 15205.18 1.00
= 699.82 kg/m3
Komponen T (K) at T (kg/m.s)
CH3OH 393.15 0.0000129

CO 393.15 0.0000218
H2O 393.15 0.0000133
HCOOH 393.15 0.0000124
CH3COOCH3 _
393.15 0.0000107
CH3OCH3 _
393.15 0.0000122
CO2 393.15 0.0000193

H2 393.15 0.0000108
CH4 393.15 0.0000141
CH3COOH 393.15 0.0003820
CH3CH2COOH 393.15 0.0000099
Viskositas rata-rata campuran =
= 0.000018 kg/ m.s

F design = 120%*F
= 18246.21 kg/jam
= 5.07 kg/s
Q = F/
= _ 21.73 m^3/jam
= _ 0.01 m^3/s

b. Menghitung diameter
pipa optimum
= 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
= 51.38 mm
= 2.02 in
OD 2.875 in = 0.073025 m
Sch. 40
ID 2.469 in = 0.0627126 m

Nre = (*ID*v)/

= 1.95 m/s
Nre = 4,881,972.36 = 4.84*10^6 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)

untuk Turbulen, =1
/D = 0.0007335

= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
= 1.05 J/kg

= 35.10 J/kg

Jumlah elbow = 1
= 1.43 J/kg

= (1-0)^2 = 1
= 1.91 J/kg

= 98.37 J/kg
Wp = 151.33 J/kg
Pump Kw = 0.77 kW
= 1.03 hp
Jadi, digunakan pompa dengan daya sebesar 1.5 hp
=(_12_10)/+g(_12_10 )+ +
( 12 ^210^2)/2
C.3 Drying column reflux pump (P-103)

Fungsi : Mengalirkan aliran produk dan refluks drying column (T-102)
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-285 Grade B
Skema :
Refluks Drum
V-106
22 Drying column
21 T-102
T22
T21 P22
P21 z22
z21 F22
F21
Keterangan :
F21 : Aliran distillat dari refluks drum (V-106)
F22 : Aliran refluks kembali menuju drying column (T-102)

Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
T10 = 30.00 C T12 =
P10 = 1.00 atm P12 =
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3
1 atm = 101325 N/m2
g = 9.81 m/s2
1 hp = 0.74570 Kw
Komponen T (K) at T
CH3OH 303.15 24.49 783.76
CO 303.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 303.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 303.15 26.24 1206.84
CH3COOCH3 303.15 12.44 920.52
CH3OCH3 303.15 9.47 435.74
CO2 303.15 13.67 601.55
H2 303.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 303.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 303.15 17.27 1036.01
CH3CH2COOH 303.15 13.15 973.04
Aliran Masuk Aliran Keluar

CH3OH 525.53 0.47 525.53 0.47
CO 3.91 0.00 3.91 0.00
H2O 214.34 0.19 214.34 0.19
HCOOH 6.34 0.01 6.34 0.01
CH3COOCH3 125.68 0.11 125.68 0.11
CH3OCH3 7.23 0.01 7.23 0.01
CO2 22.06 0.02 22.06 0.02
H2 0.63 0.00 0.63 0.00
CH4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3COOH 213.26 0.19 213.26 0.19
CH3CH2COOH 9.98 0.01 9.98 0.01
Total 1128.96 1.00 1128.96 1.00
= 878.53 kg/m3
CH3OH 303.15 0.0005044

CO 303.15 0.0000179
H2O 303.15 0.0008196
HCOOH 303.15 0.0014597
CH3COOCH3 303.15 0.0003456
CH3OCH3 303.15 0.0001075
CO2 303.15 0.0000152
H2 303.15 0.0000090
CH4 303.15 0.0000113
CH3COOH 303.15
_ 0.0010375
CH3CH2COOH 303.15
_ 0.0009574
campuran
Viskositas rata-rata =
= 0.000643 kg/ m.s

F design = 120%*F
= 1354.75 kg/jam
= 0.38 kg/s
Q = F/
= 1.29 m^3/jam
= 0.000357 m^3/s

= 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
= 12.93 mm
_
= 0.51 in
_
steel pipe 0.75 in adalah (Geankoplis, 1993):
Ukuran commercial
Pipe size 0.75 in = 0.01905 m
OD 1.05 in = 0.02667 m
Sch. 40
ID 0.824 in = 0.02093 m
Nre = (*ID*v)/
= 1.04 m/s
Nre = 29,705.44 = 2.94*10^4 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)

untuk Turbulen, =1
/D = 0.0021978

= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
= 0.30 J/kg

= 72.08 J/kg
Jumlah elbow = 1
= 0.40 J/kg

= (1-0)^2 = 1
= 0.54 J/kg
= 83.13 J/kg
Wp = 127.89 J/kg
Pump Kw = 0.05 kW
= 0.06 hp
C.4 Bottom product drying column pump (P-104)

Fungsi : Mengalirkan produk bawah drying column (T-103) menuju finishing co
104)
Skema :
Finishing column
Drying T-103
= (_22column
_21)/+g(_22_21 )+ +
( 22 ^2T-102
21^2)/2
25
24
T25
T24 P25
P24 z25
z24 F25
F24
Keterangan :
F24 : Aliran produk bawah drying column (T-102)
F25 : Aliran feed finishing column (T-103)

Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
T10 = 100.00 C T12 =
P10 = 1.00 atm P12 =
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3 g =
1 atm = 101325 N/m2 1 hp =
Komponen T (K) at T
CH3OH 373.15 22.16 709.02
CO 373.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 373.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 373.15 24.24 1115.07
CH3COOCH3 373.15 11.08 820.17
CH3OCH3 373.15 8.22 377.90
CO2 373.15 13.67 601.55
H2 373.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 373.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 373.15 16.00 959.81
CH3CH2COOH 373.15 12.12 897.23
Aliran 24 Aliran 25
CH3OH 5.31 0.00 5.31 0.00
CO 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00
H2O 11.28 0.00 11.28 0.00
HCOOH 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.00
CH3COOCH3 1.27 0.00 1.27 0.00
CH3OCH3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.00
H2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3COOH 21112.33 0.98 21112.33 0.98
CH3CH2COOH 489.19 0.02 489.19 0.02
Total 21619.98 1.00 21619.98 1.00
= 958.33 kg/m3
CH3OH 303.15 0.0000098

CO 303.15 0.0000179
H2O 303.15 0.0000100
HCOOH 303.15 0.0000095
CH3COOCH3 303.15 0.0000081
CH3OCH3 303.15 0.0000094
CO2 303.15 0.0000152
H2 303.15 0.0000090
CH4 303.15 0.0000113
CH3COOH _
303.15 0.0010375
_
CH3CH2COOH 303.15 0.0009574
Viskositas rata-rata
campuran =
= 0.001035 kg/ m.s

F design = 120%*F
= 25943.98 kg/jam
= 7.21 kg/s
Q = F/
= 22.56 m^3/jam
= 0.006267 m^3/s

= _ 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
_
= 54.88 mm

= 2.16 in
OD 2.875 in = 0.073025 m
Sch. 40
ID 2.469 in = 0.06271 m
Nre = (*ID*v)/

= 2.03 m/s
Nre = 117,890.94 = 3.53*10^5 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)

untuk Turbulen, =1
/D = 0.0007335

= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
= 1.13 J/kg

= 39.42 J/kg
Jumlah elbow = 3
= 4.64 J/kg

= (1-0)^2 = 1
= 2.06 J/kg
= 96.28 J/kg
Wp = 148.12 J/kg
Pump Kw = 1.07 kW
= 1.43 hp
C.5 Finishing column reflux pump (P-105)

Fungsi : Mengalirkan aliran produk dan refluks finishing column(T-102)
Bahan
Konstruksi : _24 )+ + Carbon steel SA-285 Grade B
=(_25_24)/+g(_25
(
Skema 25 ^2 24^2)/2 :
Refluks Drum
V-107
32 Finishing column
31 T-103
T32
T31 P32
P31 z32
z31 F32
F31
Keterangan :
F31 : Aliran distillat dari refluks drum (V-107)
F32 : Aliran refluks kembali menuju finishing column (T-103)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
T10 = 30.00 C T12 =
P10 = 1.00 atm P12 =
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3 g =
1 atm = 101325 N/m2 1 hp =
Komponen T (K) at T
CH3OH 303.15 24.49 783.76
CO 303.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 303.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 303.15 26.24 1206.84
CH3COOCH3 303.15 12.44 920.52
CH3OCH3 303.15 9.47 435.74
CO2 303.15 13.67 601.55
H2 303.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 303.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 303.15 17.27 1036.01
CH3CH2COOH 303.15 13.15 973.04
Aliran Masuk Aliran Keluar

CH3OH 5.26 0.00 5.26 0.00
CO 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00
H2O 10.72 0.00 10.72 0.00
HCOOH 0.32 0.00 0.32 0.00
CH3COOCH3 1.24 0.00 1.24 0.00
CH3OCH3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.00
H2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3COOH 20690.09 1.00 20690.09 1.00
CH3CH2COOH 14.68 0.00 14.68 0.00
Total 20722.55 1.00 20722.55 1.00
= 1035.86 kg/m3
CH3OH 303.15 0.0005044

CO 303.15 0.0000179
H2O 303.15 0.0008196
HCOOH 303.15 0.0014597
CH3COOCH3 303.15 0.0003456
CH3OCH3 303.15 0.0001075
CO2 303.15 0.0000152
H2 303.15 0.0000090
CH4 303.15 0.0000113
CH3COOH 303.15 0.0010375
CH3CH2COOH 303.15
_ 0.0009574
Viskositas rata-rata campuran
_ =

= 0.001037 kg/ m.s

F design = 120%*F
= 24867.07 kg/jam
= 6.91 kg/s
Q = F/
= 20.01 m^3/jam
= 0.005557 m^3/s

= _ 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
= _ 52.29 mm
= 2.06 in
OD 2.875 in = 0.073025 m
Sch. 40
ID 2.469 in = 0.06271 m
Nre = (*ID*v)/

= 1.80 m/s
Nre = 112,742.76 = 1.12*10^5 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)

untuk Turbulen, =1
/D = 0.0007335

= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
= 0.89 J/kg
= 59.93 J/kg
Jumlah elbow = 1
= 1.21 J/kg

= (1-0)^2 = 1
= 1.62 J/kg
= 73.46 J/kg
Wp = 113.01 J/kg
Pump Kw = 0.78 kW
= 1.05 hp
C.6 Propionic Acid pump (P-106)

Fungsi :
Mengalirkan asam propionat yang berasal dari finishing column (T-104
Tipe : Sentrifugal
Skema :
Finishing column
=(_32T-102
_31)/+g(_32_31 )+ +
( 32 ^231^2)/2 27
26
T27
T26 P27
P26 z27 Propionic Acid
z26 F27 Vessel Storage
F26 V-108
Keterangan :
F26 : Aliran asam propionat yang berasal dari finishing column (T-103)
F26 : Aliran asam propionat menuju mixed propionic acid vessel storage (V-108)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
Asumsi :
T10 = 118.00 C T12 = 118
P10 = 1.00 atm P12 = 1.20
z10 = 2.00 m z12 = 0.00
1 gal = 0.0037854412 m^3
1 atm = 101325 N/m2
g = 9.81 m/s2
1 hp = 0.74570 Kw
Komponen T (K) at T
CH3OH 391.15 21.46 686.81
CO 391.15 10.52 294.62
H2O 391.15 54.00 972.02
HCOOH 391.15 23.68 1089.22
CH3COOCH3 391.15 10.68 790.65
CH3OCH3 391.15 7.82 359.89
CO2 391.15 13.67 601.55
H2 391.15 15.52 31.03
CH4 391.15 10.08 161.31
CH3COOH 391.15 15.64 938.39
CH3CH2COOH 391.15 11.84 876.20
Aliran 26 Aliran 27
CH3OH 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00
CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2O 0.56 0.00 0.56 0.00
HCOOH 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00
CH3COOCH3 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00
CH3OCH3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3COOH 422.25 0.47 422.25 0.47
CH3CH2COOH 474.52 0.53 474.52 0.53
Total 897.43 1.00 897.43 1.00
= 905.51 kg/m3
CH3OH 391.15 0.0000129

CO 391.15 0.0000217
H2O 391.15 0.0000133
HCOOH 391.15 0.0000124
CH3COOCH3 391.15 0.0000107
CH3OCH3 391.15 0.0000122
CO2 391.15 0.0000192
H2 391.15 0.0000107
CH4 391.15
_ 0.0000140
CH3COOH 391.15
_ 0.0000112
CH3CH2COOH 391.15 0.0003994
campuran
Viskositas rata-rata =
= 0.000216 kg/ m.s

F design = 120%*F
= 1076.91 kg/jam
= 0.30 kg/s
Q = F/
= 0.99 m^3/jam
= 0.000275 m^3/s

D optimum = _ 226*F design^0.5*^-0.35
= _ 226*(7.91^0.5)*(846.58^-0.35)
= 11.41 mm
= 0.45 in
OD 0.84 in = 0.021336 m
Sch. 40
ID 0.622 in = 0.01580 m
Nre = (*ID*v)/

= 1.41 m/s
Nre = 92,857.37 = 9.28*10^4 (Turbulen, Nre > 4000)

untuk Turbulen, =1
/D = 0.0029116

= 0.55*(1-0) = 0.55
= 0.54 J/kg

= 89.97 J/kg

Jumlah elbow = 2
= 1.48 J/kg

= (1-0)^2 = 1
= 0.99 J/kg
= 92.98 J/kg
Wp = 143.04 J/kg
Pump Kw = 0.04 kW
= 0.06 hp
le Column Loop Reactor (R-101)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
180.00 C
30.50 atm
3.00 m
(Turbulen, Nre > 4000)
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)

1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)
hanol storage vessel (V-105) menuju

Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
120.00 C
30.00 atm
6.00 m
9.81 m/s2
0.74570 Kw
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)
1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)

ying column (T-102)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
30.00 C
1.20 atm
1.00 m
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)
1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)
mn (T-103) menuju finishing column (T-

ing column
T-103
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
100.00 C
1.20 atm
5.00 m
9.81 m/s2
0.74570 Kw
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)
1993, persamaan 2.10-6)

1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)
nishing column(T-102)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
30.00 C
1.20 atm
1.00 m
9.81 m/s2
0.74570 Kw
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)

1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)
l dari finishing column (T-104)
onic Acid
Storage
-108
torage (V-108)
Pers. 2.7-28
(Geankoplis, 1993)
C
atm
m (titik
referensi)
1993, persamaan 2.10-16)
1993, persamaan 2.10-6)
1993, persamaan 2.10-17)
1993, persamaan 2.10-15)

C.7. CO Gas Compressor (C-101)
Fungsi: Menaikkan tekanan feed karbon monoksida (CO) dari 1 atm menjadi 30 atm agar
sesuai dengan temperatur reaksi
Jenis : Centrifugal compressor
Gas : Karbon monoksida
BM : 28 g/gmol
1 Compressor 2
C-101
T1 = 27 C T2 =
P1 = 10 atm P2 =
Asumsi :
1. Kompresor terisolasi sempurna, sehingga adiabatik
2. Nilai CO = cp/cv = 1.402 (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)
3. Efisiensi compressor adalah 80% (=0.8)
mass flowrate, m = 11148.02 kg/jam = 3.10 kg/s
Rumus perhitungan Ws compressor adiabatik:
-Ws = /( 1) ( 1)/ (Persamaan 3.3.-14, Geankoplis (1993))

( 2/1 ^((1)/) - 1)
-Ws = 115092.72517 J/kg
Brake kW = ( )/(
1000)
= 445.51 kW
= 597.67 hp
Jadi, compressor yang dibutuhkan adalah compressor yang berdaya 600 hp.
180 C
30 atm
C. 8. Reactor (R-101)
Fungsi : mereaksikan methanol dengan gas karbonmonoksida sehingga menghasilkan asam asetat dengan bantuan kata
rhodium resin.
Laju alir massa = 23720.70 Kg/jam T 473.00
Perhitungan densitas campuran Pi 441.00
Komponen Massa (Kg/h) BM Densitas (mol/L) Densitas (Kg/m3)
Methanol 536.20 32.00 17.20 550.25
Air 227.90 18.00 54.00 972.02
Asam format 6.81 46.00 20.72 953.04
Metil asetat 126.95 74.00 8.24 609.99
Karbon dioksida 29.32 44.00 10.56 464.64
Hidrogen 0.63 2.00 15.52 31.03
Metana 0.00 16.00 10.08 161.31
Asam asetat 21541.00 60.00 13.77 826.06
Asam propionat 1247.94 74.00 10.38 768.19
Total 23720.70
Massa total
Densitas Campuran = = 811.74 m3
Volume total
Asumsi volume ruang kosong 10% dari volume tangki
waktu tinggal 10 min
Volume tangki = (Total massa x waktu tinggal)/(densitas campuran x 0,9) = 5.41
(H/D) = 5.8
V = 1/4 D H = 1/4 5,8 D3
2
D3 = 1.2
D = 1.06 m = 41.70 in
H column = 5,8 D = 6.14 m
Bahan konstruksi
Faktor korosi (c) : 0.06 in
Bahan : SA 285 A
Allowable stress (f) : 11250.00 psi (Tabel 13.1, Brownel 1959)
Sambungan : Double welded butt joint
Joint eficiency (E) : 80% (Tabel 13.2, Brownel 1959)
Perhitungan tebal reaktor

Tebal silinder (shell)
= 1.12 in
Distandarisasi menjadi : 1 1/8 in

Sehingga diameter luar reaktor (OD) adalah
OD = ID + (2 x tshell) = 43.95 in = 1.12 m
Perhitungan tutup atas reaktor
Bentuk tutup atas : Eliptical
k = 2.00
= 1.00
= 1.09 in
Distandarisasi menjadi : 1 1/8 in
Perhitungan tutup bawah reaktor

Bentuk tutup bawah : Torispherical
rc = OD = 43.95
icr = 6% OD = 2.64
= 1.77
= 1.98 in
Distandarisasi menjadi : 2 in
C. 9. Methanol Vessel (V-101)

Fungsi : menyimpan bahan baku methanol dalam bentuk cair
Temperatur : 300.00 K 1 atm

Tekanan (Pi) : 1.00 atm = 14.70 psi 1m
Laju alir : 13629.01 Kg/h
Perhitungan densitas campuran
Methanol 13424.57 32.00 24.59 786.80
Air 170.36 18.00 54.00 972.02
Asam format 34.07 46.00 26.32 1210.70
Metil asetat 0.00 74.00 12.50 924.64
Karbon dioksida 0.00 44.00 10.56 464.64
Hidrogen 0.00 2.00 15.52 31.03
Metana 0.00 16.00 10.08 161.31
Asam asetat 0.00 60.00 17.32 1039.22
Asam propionat 0.00 74.00 13.19 976.26
Total 13629.01
Massa total
Volume total
waktu tinggal 1 jam
(H/D) = 0.5
V = 1/4 D2 H = 1/4 0,5 D3
D3 = 48.9
D = 3.66 m = 143.95 in
H column = 5,8 D = 1.83 m
Bahan konstruksi
Bahan : SA 285 A
Perhitungan tebal methanol vessel

= 0.18 in
Distandarisasi menjadi : 1/4 in

Sehingga diameter luar methanol vessel (OD) adalah
OD = ID + (2 x tshell) = 144.45 in = 3.67 m
Tebal tutup bawah

Bentuk tutup bawah : Flanged only (flat)
Tutup bawah terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan shell
Tebal tutup bawah : 1/4 in
Tebal tutup atas

Bentuk tutup atas : Standard dished head
r = OD = 144.45
th=(0,885 )/2( 0,2)

+ = 0.17 in

C.10. Mixed Vessel (V-102)
Fungsi : menampung campuran bahan methanol hasil absorpsi

Methanol 13411.15 32.00 21.39 684.44
Air 161.84 18.00 54.00 972.02
Asam format 6.81 46.00 23.62 1086.50
Metil asetat 1404.99 74.00 10.64 787.49
Karbon dioksida 3.99 44.00 10.56 464.64
Hidrogen 148.19 2.00 15.52 31.03
Metana 0.57 16.00 10.08 161.31
Asam asetat 3.42 60.00 15.60 936.14
Asam propionat 199.29 74.00 11.81 873.99
Total 15345.96
Massa total
Volume total
(H/D) = 0.5
V = 1/4 D2 H = 1/4 0,5 D3
D3 = 12.5
D = 2.32 m = 91.48 in
H column = 5,8 D = 1.16 m
Bahan konstruksi
Bahan : SA 285 A

= 0.14 in
OD = ID + (2 x tshell) = 91.86 in = 2.33 m
Tebal tutup bawah

Bentuk tutup bawah : Flanged only (flat)
Tutup bawah terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan shell
Tebal tutup bawah : 3/16 in
Tebal tutup atas

Bentuk tutup atas : Standard dished head
r = OD = 91.86
th=(0,885 )/2( 0,2)

+ = 0.13 in
C.11. Flash Tank (V-103)

Fungsi : memisahkan campuran vapor-liquid crude acetic acid

Methanol 536.20 32.00 21.39 684.44
Air 227.90 18.00 54.00 972.02
Asam format 6.81 46.00 23.62 1086.50
Metil asetat 126.95 74.00 10.64 787.49
Karbon dioksida 7.23 44.00 10.56 464.64
Hidrogen 29.32 2.00 15.52 31.03
Metana 0.63 16.00 10.08 161.31
Asam asetat 0.00 60.00 15.60 936.14
Asam propionat 21541.00 74.00 11.81 873.99
Total 22479.99
Massa total
Volume total
(H/D) = 1.5
V = 1/4 D2 H = 1/4 1,5 D3
D3 = 4.2
D = 1.62 m = 63.60 in
H column = 5,8 D = 2.42 m
Bahan konstruksi
Bahan : SA 285 A

= 0.11 in

OD = ID + (2 x tshell) = 63.98 in = 1.63 m
Tebal tutup bawah

Bentuk tutup bawah : Torispherical
rc = OD = 63.98
icr = 6% OD = 3.84
= 1.77
= 0.16 in
Tebal tutup atas

Bentuk tutup atas : Torispherical
Tutup atas terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan tutup bawah
Tebal tutup atas : 3/16 in
etat dengan bantuan katalis
K
psi
Densitas (Kg/m3) Volume (m3)
550.25 0.97
294.62 0.01
972.02 0.23
953.04 0.01
609.99 0.21
464.64 0.06
31.03 0.02
161.31 0.00
826.06 26.08
768.19 1.62
29.22
5.41 m3
ownel 1959)
1 atm = 14.70 psi
= 39.37 in

786.80 17.06
294.62 0.00
972.02 0.18
1210.70 0.03
924.64 0.00
464.64 0.00
31.03 0.00
161.31 0.00
1039.22 0.00
976.26 0.00
17.27
19.18 m3
ownel 1959)
1 atm = 14.70 psi
= 39.37 in

684.44 19.59
294.62 0.02
972.02 0.17
1086.50 0.01
787.49 1.78
464.64 0.01
31.03 4.78
161.31 0.00
936.14 0.00
873.99 0.23
26.59
4.92 m3
ownel 1959)
1 atm = 14.70 psi
= 39.37 in

684.44 0.78
294.62 0.01
972.02 0.23
1086.50 0.01
787.49 0.16
464.64 0.02
31.03 0.94
161.31 0.00
936.14 0.00
873.99 24.65
26.81
4.96 m3
ownel 1959)
Unit Conversion (Kern, 1965 : 793-794)
mass 1 kg = 2.2045855379
heat 1 kcal = 3.9682539683
specific heat 1 cal/kg K = 0.001
C.12. Heater (E-102)

Fungsi : Memanaskan mixed methanol dari 373.15 K hingga 453.15 K menggunakan satu
pada temperatur 373F, tekanan 180 psi
Tipe : Shell and Tube heat exchanger
Bahan konstruksi : Stainless steel 316L
Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Fluida dingin = Mixed methanol
Laju alir, w = 15345.96 kg/h = 33831.47896363
t1 = 373.15 K = 212
t2 = 453.15 K = 356
P allowable = 10 psi
Tube side
Fluida panas = Steam
Hfg steam = 850.80 Btu/h
Laju alir, W = 4221.07 kg/h = 9305.708495482
T1 = 373 F
T2 = 373 F
P allowable = 1 psi
(1) Neraca energi

cp mixed methanol pada 413.15 K = 24,879.00
berat molekul rata-rata mixed methanol = 33.75
cp mixed methanol pada 413.15 K = 737.17
= 0.74
Q mixed methanol =
= (_2_1)
33831.48 x 0.74
= 3591285.82 Btu/h
Q steam = 3591285.82 Btu/h
(2) Menghitung T LMTD

Fluida panas (F) Fluida dingin (F)
373 Temperatur tinggi 356
373 Temperatur rendah 212
0 Difference 144
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)
LMTD = t2-t1 / ln(t2/t1)

LMTD = 64.05 degree F
R= = T1 / t2
R= = 0 R= 0 maka t = LMTD
t= = LMTD
= 64.05 degree F
(3) Memilih Ud trial
Pada Tabel 8 (Kern, 1965 : 840) tercantum bahwa Ud untuk sistem :
hot fluid = steam
cold fluid = methanol
Range Ud = 200-700 Btu/h ft^2 F
Dirt factor, Rd = 0.001
Ud trial = 300 Btu/h ft^2 F
Maka, luas perpindahan panas (surface area) adalah

A = /( = 3591285.82
) 300
= 186.8957532614
(4) Pemilihan spesifikasi heat exchanger
Berdasar Tabel 10 (Kern, 1965 : 843) dipilih tube side heat exchanger sebagai berikut:
Tube side
Length 20 ft Maka, jumlah tube adalah :
BWG 16 BWG Nt
OD 1 in
ID 0.87 in
a'' 0.1963 ft2/ft
Berdasarkan Tabel 9 (Kern, 1965 : 841) yang mencantumkan data jumlah tube yang tersedia secara komersial, dipilih
52, OD tube 0.75 in, 1 in square pitch, 2 passes
Adapun data lengkapnya adalah sebagai berikut:
susunan tube = square pitch
jumlah tube, Nt = 56
jumlah aliran, n = 2 passes
pitch, PT = 1.25 in
Diameter shell, ID = 13.25 in
Baffle space, B = 13.25 in
Clearance, C = PT - OD tube
= 0.25 in
Sehingga, luas perpindahan panas (surface area) dan Ud yang terkoreksi adalah
A terkoreksi = Nt x L x a"
= 219.856 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = /(
)
= 255.0247706609 Btu/h ft^2 F
(5) Analisa Kinerja Heat Exchanger

Analisa kinerja heat exchanger meliputi :
a. Menghitung koefisien overall perpindahan panas (U)
b. Menghitung dirt factor, Rd
c. Menghitung pressure drop, P
a. Menghitung koefisien overall perpindahan panas
Menghitung flow area
Flow area of Shell, as = (area of shell)-(area of tube)
= 0.651781684 ft2
Flow area of Tube, at = Nt x at = 0.0381694444
144 x n
Menghitung mass velocity

Mass velocity in Shell, Gs = w = 33831.47896363
as 0.651781684
= 51906.15169571
Mass velocity in Tube, Gs = W = 9305.708495482

at 0.0381694444
= 243799.9460282
Menghitung Reynold number, Nre

Karena viskositas fluida kurang dari 1 cp maka Tc = Tavg dan tc = tavg
Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 373 F
Shell
Viskositas pada ta = 284 F adalah
= 0.0135 x 2.42
= 0.03267 lb/ft h
De = 4 as / wetted perimeter = 0.1779203869
Res = De x Gs = 282680.2140324

Tube
Viskositas pada Ta = 373 F adalah
steam = 0.015 x 2.42
= 0.0363 lb/ft h
D = 0.0725 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 486928.2668608
steam
Menentukan nilai jH (heat transfer factor)

Shell
Nilai jH diperoleh dari Figure 24 (Kern, 1965:834)
jH = 900
Menentukan nilai thermal function properties

Shell
pada ta = 284 F,
k = 0.333 Btu/hr.ft2.oF.ft
c = 0.7372 Btu/lb F
= 0.03267 lb/ft h
((
= 0.4166363253
)/)^(1/3)
Menentukan nilai outside film coefficient (ho) dan inside film coefficient (hi)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)

/ = 701.8077515447

Tube
hio = 1500 Btu/h ft2 F
Menghitung viskositas fluida pada tw

tw = tc +(hio/(hio+ho)) (Tavg-tavg)
= 344.6319965521 F
Shell
w = 0.3872 lb/ft h
s = 0.7074079399
Menghitung corrected coefficent

ho = (
)/

= 496.4643757476
Menghitung clean overall coefficient (Uc)

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 373.0076893271

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.0012402778
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.001
Rd calculated > Rd required (memenuhi Rd yang disyaratkan)
c. Menghitung pressure drops (P)

Shell
Des' = 4(flow area)/(fractional wetted perimeter)
= 0.144 ft
s = 0.009 ft^3/lb
Res' = Des'.Gs/
= 228,593.4
f = 0.0001 Fig.26
= f*Gs^2*L*n
Ps
5.22*10^10*De'*s*s
Ps = 2.49 psi
Ps < 10 psi (memenuhi Ps yang disyaratkan)
Tube
s = 0.009 ft^3/lb
Ret = 486928.266860754
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
= 0.1582037013 psi
Pt < 1 psi (memenuhi Pt yang disyaratkan)
C.13. Vapor product cooler (E-103)

Fungsi :
Menurunkan temperatur fluida aliran 18 (keluaran flash drum) dari 393.15 K hing
menggunakan saturated water pada temperatur 26.7 C
Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Fluida dingin = Cooling water
Hwater = 27.3 kcal/kg = 108.3333333333
Laju alir, w = 13252.17 kg/h = 29215.54972761
t1 = 300.00 K = 80.33
t2 = 318.15 K = 113
Tube side
Fluida panas = Aliran 18 yang merupakan keluaran flash drum
Laju alir, W = 22755.98 kg/h = 50167.49533703
T1 = 353.15 K = 176
T2 = 323.15 K = 122
(1) Neraca energi

cp fluida pada aliran 18 = 30,574.11
berat molekul rata-rata fluida aliran 18 = 57.69
= 0.53
Q fluida aliran 18 = (_1_2)
= 50167.50 x 0.53
= 1435652.11361458 Btu/h
Q saturated water = 1435652.11361458 Btu/h

122 Temperatur rendah 80.33
54 Difference 32.67
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)

R = T1 / t2
= 1.652892562
S = (t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
= 0.3414863594
Ft = 0.98
t = Ft x LMTD
= 50.57 degree F

Pada Tabel 8 (Kern, 1965 : 840) dipilih Ud untuk sistem :
hot fluid = light organic
cold fluid = water

A = /( = 1435652.11
) 120
= 236.5769489954
Tube side
BWG 14 BWG Nt
OD 1 in
ID 0.834 in
a'' 0.2618 ft2/ft
pitch, PT = 1.25 in
Diameter shell, ID = 10 in
Baffle space, B = 10 in
= 0.25 in
= 314.16 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = /(
)
= 90.3655267362 Btu/h ft^2 F


Flow area of Shell, as = ID x C x B
144 x Pt
= 0.1388888889 ft2
Flow area of Tube, at = Nt x at
144 x n
= 0.0181805556 ft2

as 0.1388888889
= 210351.9580388

at 0.0181805556
= 2759403.868806

Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 149 F
Shell
Viskositas pada ta = 96.67 F adalah
water = 0.6743 x 2.42
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
De = 0.99 ft = 0.0825
Res = De x Gs = 10634.86501349

Tube
Viskositas pada Ta = 358.15 F adalah
= 0.2496 x 2.42
= 0.604032 lb/ft h
D = 0.0695 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 317497.3658382
steam

Shell
jH = 48
Tube
jH = 55

Shell
pada ta = 96.67 F,
c = 0.5299 Btu/lb F
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
((
= 1.0217978567
)/)^(1/3)
Tube
pada Ta = 149 F
c = 0.0933 Btu/lb F
= 0.5691 lb/ft h
((
= 0.3983963572
)/)^(1/3)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)
ho = 481.9021629825
Tube
/ ((
hi =
)/)^(1/3)

= 264.7386785966
Tube
hio = (
)/

= 220.7920579496

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 151.4174545994 Btu/h ft2 F

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.0044619085
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.003
Shell
Res = 10634.865013487
s = 1000
f = 0.0015 Fig.26
No. of crosses = 36
= f*Gs^2*D*s*(N+1)
Ps
5.55*10^10*D*s*s
Ps = 3.20 psi
Tube
f = 0.003
Ret = 317497.365838206
s = 0.8636
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
= 5.3 psi
Pt < 10 psi (memenuhi Pt yang disyaratkan)
C.14. Vapor product drying column condenser (E-104)

Fungsi :
Menurunkan temperatur produk atas drying column dari 373.15 K hingga 303.15
Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Hwater = 27.3 kcal/kg = 108.3333333333
Laju alir, w = 2097.73 kg/h = 4624.632174589
t1 = 300.00 K = 80.33
t2 = 318.15 K = 113
Tube side
Fluida panas = Aliran 19 berupa produk atas drying column
Laju alir, W = 1989.24 kg/h = 4385.454785211
T1 = 373.15 K = 212
T2 = 303.15 K = 86
(1) Neraca energi

= 0.41
= 4385.45 x 0.41
= 227254.425059307 Btu/h

126 Difference 32.67
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)

R = T1 / t2
= 3.8567493113
S = (t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
= 0.2481203008
Ft = 0.75
t = Ft x LMTD
= 24.48 degree F

cold fluid = water
A = /( = 227254.43
) 100
= 92.8507324261
Tube side
BWG 16 BWG Nt
OD 0.75 in
ID 0.62 in
a'' 0.1963 ft2/ft
pitch, PT = 1 in
= 0.25 in
= 102.076 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = /(
)
= 90.962353958 Btu/h ft^2 F


144 x Pt
= 0.1111111111 ft2
144 x n
= 0.0177215278 ft2

as 0.1111111111
= 41621.6895713

at 0.0177215278
= 247464.8258437

Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 149 F
Shell
water = 0.6743 x 2.42
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
De = 0.95 in = 0.0791666667
Res = De x Gs = 2019.26603064

Tube
Viskositas pada Ta = 149 F adalah
= 0.489 x 2.42
= 1.18338 lb/ft h
D = 0.0516666667 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 10804.37616707
steam

Shell
jH = 28
Tube
jH = 50

Shell
pada ta = 96.67 F,
c = 0.4113 Btu/lb F
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
((
)/)^(1/3) = 0.9389944614
Tube
pada Ta = 149 F
c = 0.0933 Btu/lb F
= 0.5691 lb/ft h
((
= 0.4017249227
)/)^(1/3)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)
ho = 269.2063514833
Tube
/ ((
hi =
)/)^(1/3)

= 318.3993984163

Tube
hio = (
)/

= 263.2101693575

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 133.0872476574 Btu/h ft2 F

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.003479691
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.003

Shell
Res = 2019.2660306401
s = 1000
f = 0.0015 Fig.26
No. of crosses = 30
= f*Gs^2*D*s*(N+1)
Ps
5.55*10^10*D*s*s
Ps = 0.02 psi

Tube
f = 0.003
Ret = 10804.3761670716
s = 0.8636
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
= 1.5775554236 psi
Gt = 247464.825843663 lb/h ft2

V^2 = 0.0075 (Fig. 27, Kern, 1965 : 837)
2g'
Pr = 4xn V^2
s 2g'
= 0.0694766095
PT = Pt + Pr
= 1.6470320332
PT < 10 psi (memenuhi PT yang disyaratkan)
C.15. Vapor product finishing column condenser (E-106)

Fungsi :
Menurunkan temperatur produk atas finishing column dari 391.15 K hingga 303.
Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Hwater = 27.3 kcal/kg = 60.1851851852
Laju alir, w = 3437.64 kg/h = 7578.568289751
t1 = 300.00 K = 80.33
t2 = 318.15 K = 113
Tube side
Fluida panas = Aliran 29 berupa produk atas finishing column
Laju alir, W = 971.95 kg/h = 2142.751091257
T1 = 391.15 K = 244.4
T2 = 303.15 K = 86
(1) Neraca energi

= 0.61
= 2142.75 x 0.61
= 206894.914310213 Btu/h

244.4 Temperatur tinggi 113
158.4 Difference 32.67
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)

R = T1 / t2
= 4.8484848485
S = (t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
= 0.1991223258
Ft = 0.77 (Figure 18, Kern, 1965:828)
t = Ft x LMTD
= 30.80 degree F

cold fluid = water
A = /( = 206894.91
) 85
= 79.022998434
Tube side
BWG 16 BWG Nt
OD 0.75 in
ID 0.62 in
a'' 0.1963 ft2/ft
pitch, PT = 1 in
= 0.25 in
= 102.076 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = /(
)
= 65.8034686595 Btu/h ft^2 F


144 x Pt
= 0.1111111111 ft2
144 x n
= 0.0177215278 ft2

as 0.1111111111
= 68207.11460776

at 0.0177215278
= 120912.3230303

Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 165.2 F
Shell
water = 0.6743 x 2.42
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
De = 0.95 in = 0.0791666667
Res = De x Gs = 3309.051386285

Tube
= 0.467 x 2.42
= 1.13014 lb/ft h
D = 0.0516666667 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 5527.754694019
steam

Shell
jH = 20
Tube
jH = 30

Shell
pada ta = 96.67 F,
c = 0.6096 Btu/lb F
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
((
= 1.0706025656
)/)^(1/3)
Tube
pada Ta = 149 F
c = 0.0933 Btu/lb F
= 0.5691 lb/ft h
((
= 0.4017249227
)/)^(1/3)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)
ho = 219.2413742427
Tube
/ ((
hi =
)/)^(1/3)

= 191.0396390498

Tube
hio = (
)/

= 157.9261016145

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 91.7998972951 Btu/h ft2 F

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.0043035089
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.003

Shell
Res = 3309.0513862848
s = 1000
f = 0.002 Fig.26
No. of crosses = 30
= f*Gs^2*D*s*(N+1)
Ps
5.55*10^10*D*s*s
Ps = 0.01 psi
Tube
f = 0.003
Ret = 5527.7546940194
s = 0.8636
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n = 0.3766160296
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
Gt = 120912.323030305 lb/h ft2
V^2 = 0.0025 (Fig. 27, Kern, 1965 : 837)
2g'
Pr = 4xn V^2
s 2g'
= 0.0231588698
PT = Pt + Pr
= 0.3997748994
C.16. Liquid product finishing column cooler (E-107)

Fungsi : Menurunkan temperatur produk bawah finishing column dari 391.15 K hingga 30
Menurunkan temperatur produk bawah finishing column dari 391.15 K hingga 30
Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Hwater = 27.3 kcal/kg = 108.3333333333
Laju alir, w = 1758.95 kg/h = 3877.76001305
t1 = 300.00 K = 80.33
t2 = 318.15 K = 113
Tube side
Fluida panas = Aliran 27 berupa produk bawah (liquid) finishing column
Laju alir, W = 880.36 kg/h = 1940.835301763
T1 = 391.15 K = 244.4
T2 = 303.15 K = 86
(1) Neraca energi

= 0.62
= 1940.84 x 0.62
= 190553.127041275 Btu/h

244.4 Temperatur tinggi 113
158.4 Difference 32.67
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)

R = T1 / t2
= 4.8484848485
S = (t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
= 0.1991223258
Ft = 0.77 (Figure 18, Kern, 1965:828)
t = Ft x LMTD
= 30.80 degree F

cold fluid = water

A = /( = 190553.13
) 85
= 72.7812933922
Tube side
BWG 16 BWG Nt
OD 0.75 in
ID 0.62 in
a'' 0.1963 ft2/ft
pitch, PT = 1 in
= 0.25 in
= 78.52 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = / (
)
= 78.7876966167 Btu/h ft^2 F

144 x Pt
= 0.1111111111 ft2
144 x n
= 0.0068159722 ft2

as 0.1111111111
= 34899.84011745

at 0.0068159722
= 284748.1237432

Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 165.2 F
Shell
water = 0.6743 x 2.42
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
De = 0.95 in = 0.0791666667
Res = De x Gs = 1693.157157958

Tube
= 0.467 x 2.42
= 1.13014 lb/ft h
D = 0.0516666667 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 13017.84415506
steam

Shell
jH = 25
Tube
jH = 37

Shell
pada ta = 96.67 F,
c = 0.6198 Btu/lb F
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
((
= 1.0765760532
)/)^(1/3)
Tube
pada Ta = 149 F
c = 0.0933 Btu/lb F
= 0.5691 lb/ft h
((
= 0.4017249227
)/)^(1/3)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)
ho = 275.5808048666
Tube
/ ((
hi =
)/)^(1/3)

= 235.6155548281

Tube
hio = (
)/
=
194.7755253245

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 114.1185790259 Btu/h ft2 F

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.003929522
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.003

Shell
Res = 1693.1571579576
s = 1000
f = 0.002 Fig.26
No. of crosses = 30
= f*Gs^2*D*s*(N+1)
Ps
5.55*10^10*D*s*s
Ps = 0.03 psi
Tube
f = 0.003
Ret = 13017.8441550584
s = 0.8636
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
= 4.1774321824 psi
Gt = 284748.123743182 lb/h ft2

V^2 = 0.01 (Fig. 27, Kern, 1965 : 837)
2g'
Pr = 4xn V^2
s 2g'
= 0.1852709588
PT = Pt + Pr
= 4.3627031412
C.17. Cooler (E-108)

Fungsi : Menurunkan temperatur fluida pada aliran 16 dari 393.15 K hingga 303.15 K me
saturated water pada temperatur 26.7 C

Data Perhitungan
Shell side
Hwater = 27.3 kcal/kg = 108.3333333333
Laju alir, w = 2018.33 kg/h = 4449.577402235
t1 = 300.00 K = 80.33
t2 = 318.15 K = 113
Tube side
Fluida panas = Fluida pada aliran 16 berupa methanol solution
Laju alir, W = 971.95 kg/h = 2142.751091257
T1 = 393.15 K = 248
T2 = 303.15 K = 86
(1) Neraca energi

= 0.63
= 2142.75 x 0.63
= 218652.233545803 Btu/h

162 Difference 32.67
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)

R = T1 / t2
= 4.958677686
S = (t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
= 0.1948470209
Ft = 0.7 (Figure 18, Kern, 1965:828)
t = Ft x LMTD
= 28.56 degree F
hot fluid = methanol solution
cold fluid = water
A = /( = 218652.23
) 270
= 28.3572318483

Tube side
BWG 16 BWG Nt
OD 0.75 in
ID 0.62 in
a'' 0.1963 ft2/ft
pitch, PT = 1 in
= 0.25 in
= 39.26 ft2
Ud terkoreksi = /(
)
= 195.0191696138 Btu/h ft^2 F


144 x Pt
= 0.1111111111 ft2
144 x n
= 0.0068159722 ft2

as 0.1111111111
= 40046.19662011

at 0.0068159722
= 314372.0398788

Tavg = T1 + T2 tavg
2
= 167 F
Shell
water = 0.6743 x 2.42
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
De = 0.95 in = 0.0791666667
Res = De x Gs = 1942.831377683

Tube
= 0.467 x 2.42
= 1.13014 lb/ft h
D = 0.0516666667 ft
Ret = D x Gt = 14372.16220445
steam

Shell
jH = 35
Tube
jH = 98

Shell
pada ta = 96.67 F,
c = 0.6299 Btu/lb F
= 1.631806 lb/ft h
((
)/)^(1/3) = 1.0823715498
Tube
pada Ta = 149 F
c = 0.0933 Btu/lb F
= 0.5691 lb/ft h
((
= 0.4017249227
)/)^(1/3)
Shell / ((
ho = )/)^(1/3)
ho = 387.8900619576
Tube
/ ((
hi =
)/)^(1/3)

= 624.062820896

Tube
hio = (
)/

= 515.8919319407

Uc = ( )/
(+)
= 221.4132996618 Btu/h ft2 F

Rd = Uc - Ud = 0.0006112605
Uc x Ud
Rd required = 0.003

Shell
Res = 1942.8313776834
s = 1000
f = 0.002 Fig.26
No. of crosses = 15
= f*Gs^2*D*s*(N+1)
Ps
Ps
5.55*10^10*D*s*s
Ps = 0.01 psi
Tube
f = 0.003
Ret = 14372.1622044505
s = 0.8636
Pt = 0.5f*Gt^2*L*n
5.22*10^10*Ds*t
= 2.5459243598 psi
Gt = 314372.039878793 lb/h ft2

V^2 = 0.012 (Fig. 27, Kern, 1965 : 837)
2g'
Pr = 4xn V^2
s 2g'
= 0.2223251505
PT = Pt + Pr
= 2.7682495104

lb
Btu
Btu/lb F
a 453.15 K menggunakan saturated steam
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 144
dingin (F) Difference (F)

17 t2
161 t1
144 t2-t1
a t = LMTD
3591285.82
x 64.05
ft2
, jumlah tube adalah :

= A
L x a"
= 47.604624 tube
sedia secara komersial, dipilih jumlah tube =

ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 284 F
ft
hi Rd yang disyaratkan)
hi Ps yang disyaratkan)
hi Pt yang disyaratkan)
flash drum) dari 393.15 K hingga 323.15 K

7C
Btu/kg
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
F
F
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 54
63 t2
41.67 t1
21.33 t2-t1
1435652.11
x 50.57
ft2

= A
L x a"
= 30.121842 tube

lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 96.665 F
ft
hi Pt yang disyaratkan)
n dari 373.15 K hingga 303.15 K

7C
Btu/kg
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
F
F
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 126

99 t2
5.67 t1
93.33 t2-t1
227254.43
x 24.48
ft2

= A
L x a"
= 23.650212 tube

lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 96.665 F
ft
Kern, 1965 : 837)
hi PT yang disyaratkan)
mn dari 391.15 K hingga 303.15 K

7C
Btu/kg
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
F
F
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 158.4

131.4 t2
5.67 t1
125.73 t2-t1
re 18, Kern, 1965:828)
206894.91
x 30.80
ft2

= A
L x a"
= 20.12812 tube

lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 96.665 F
ft
psi
Kern, 1965 : 837)
olumn dari 391.15 K hingga 303.15 K

7C
Btu/kg
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
F
F
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 158.4

131.4 t2
5.67 t1
125.73 t2-t1
re 18, Kern, 1965:828)

190553.13
x 30.80
ft2

= A
L x a"
= 18.538282 tube

lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 96.665 F
ft
Kern, 1965 : 837)
393.15 K hingga 303.15 K menggunakan

Btu/kg
lb/h
F
F
lb/h
F
F
cal/kgmol K
kg/kgmol
cal/kg K
Btu/lb F
x 162

135 t2
5.67 t1
129.33 t2-t1
re 18, Kern, 1965:828)

218652.23
x 28.56
ft2

= A
L x a"
= 14.445864 tube

lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
lb/h
ft2
lb/h ft2
= t1 + t2
2
= 96.665 F
ft
Kern, 1965 : 837)
S. Drying Column
Fungsi : memisahkan air dari campuran asam asetat dan asam propionat
Type : Sieve Tray Column
Bahan konstruksi : carbon steel SA 283 grade C
Dasar Pemilihan : - Effisiensi pemisahan lebih tinggi dari plate column
- Harga lebih murah dari buuble cap column
- Perawatan dan perbaikan murah
Data dari perhitungan neraca massa dan panas :

T operasi : 114.73 C
Tekanan : 1 atm
Data :
Dari perhitungan neraca massa, diperoleh :
light key (LK) = air
heavy key (HK) = Asam asetat
Rmin = 4.194 XLF = 0.1271
Ropt = 6.29 XHF = 0.8729
XLB = 0.0151 D = 3102.184 Kg
XHB = 0.9849 B = 6399.527 Kg
XLD = 0.7309 LD = 1.8103
XHD = 0.2691 LB = 1.8332
L = 400.71 Kmol = 11741.58 Kg = 25885.479531 lb
V = 464.41 Kmol = 13608.18 Kg = 30000.587678 lb
F = 407.160 Kmol = 22256.80 Kg = 49067.34128 lb
1. Penentuan Jumlah Plate pada kondisi refluks minimum :
Mencari tahap minimum dengan menggunakan metode Fenske :
(Pers 11.7-12 Geankoplis, 2003)
log [(XLD.D/XHD.D)(XHW.W/XLW.W)]
Nm =
log ( lav)
Dimana : lav = (LD.LD) (pers 11.7-13 Geankoplis, 2003)
lav= ( 1.8103 1.8332 )
= 1.8217
log [( 0.7309 / 0.2691 )( 0.9849 / 0.0151 )]
Nm = = 8.6359 10
log 1.82170395
Mencari tahap teoritis dengan menggunakan persamaan Molokanov :

Ropt - Rmin 6.29035219 - 4.194
X = = = 0.28761081
Ropt + 1 6.29035219 + 1
N - Nm 1 + 54.4 X X-1
Y = = 1 - exp [( )( )] (Walas, 1980)
N+1 11+117.2 X X0.5
N - Nm 1 + 54.4 0.28761081 0.28761081 - 1
Y = = 1 - exp [( )( )]
N+1 11 + 117.2 0.28761081 0.28761081
= 1 - exp [( 0.37232784 )( -1.3283567 )]
= 1 - 0.60982442
= 0.3902
N - Nm
Y =
Y =
N+1
Nm + Y
N =
1-Y
11 + 0.39017558 =
N = 18.68 = 19 tahap
1 - 0.3902
Maka, jumlah tahap teoritis = 19 tahap = 18 tray teoritis + 1 reboiler

dari Brackhurst persamaan 4-16 untuk effisiensi plate :
N = 18
Eo = = 96%
Nt 18.68
18
Maka jumlah plate aktual = = 20
96%
Penentuan umpan masuk dengan metode Kirkbride :
Ne XHF B XLB
log = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2] (Pers 11.7-21 Geabkoplis, 2003)
Ns XLF D X HD
Ne 0.8729 6399.527 0.0151

log = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2 ]
Ns 0.1271 3102.184 0.2691
Ne
log = -0.2786247
Ns
Ne
= 0.52647205
Ns
Ne = 0.52647205 Ns
N = Ne + Ns
20 = 0.52647205 Ns + Ns
Ns = 13
Maka lokasi feed masuk (feed plate) pada plate ke 7 dari atas
(jumlah plate/tray dihitung dari bawah : Coulsin, halaman 817)
2. Perhitungan Diameter Drying Column :

Disain drying column
Direncaakan :
Jarak tray (t) = 0.25 m
Hole diameter (do) = 6 mm
Space between hole center (p') = 12 mm (Treybal. 1984)
Weir height (hw) = 5 cm (Treybal. 1984)
Pitch = tringular 3/4 in
Data :
Suhu dan tekanan pada destilasi adalah 105.61 C dan 1 atm
Tabel komposisi bahan pada alur Vd
Komponen alur Vd (kmol/jam) % mol Mr % mol Mr
CH3COOH 124.970 0.26909305 60 16.146
H2O 339.442 0.73090695 18 13.156
Avg.mol weight 464.413 29.302
Laju alir gas (G') = 464.413 kmol/jam = 0.12900352 kmol/s
v 29.302 273
= = 0.943 kg/m3 = 0.059 lb/cuft
22.4 378.61
378.61
Laju alir volumetrik gas (Q) = 0.12900352 22.4 = 4.00759944 m3/s
273
H2O pada suhu 117.514 C = 946.19 Kg/m3

Tabel komposisi bahan pada alur Liquid bottom
Komponen B(Kg/jam) N (kmol/jam) sg (kg/m3) V (m3) % vol (kg/m3)
CH3COOH 6089.123 338.285 1.052 995.39204424 6.11731176 0.94910205 944.72863446
H2O 310.403 5.173 1 946.19015612 0.32805597 0.05089795 48.159134777
Total 6399.527 6.44536773 1 992.888
Laju alir massa cairan (L') = 6399.527 Kg/jam = 1.7776 Kg/s
L' 1.78 Kg/s
rate L' ; QL' = = = 0.00179038 m3/s
L 992.888 Kg/m 3
Perforations
Surface tension () = 0.04 N/m
Ao do 2 0.006
= 0.907 ( ) = 0.907 ( )2 = 0.22675
Aa p' 0.012
Konstanta Flooding (CF)

q L 0.300 992.88776924 1/2
( )1/2 = ( ) = 2.4287
Q' v 4.00759944 0.943
= 0.0744 t + 0.01173 = 0.0744 ( 0.25 ) + 0.01173 = 0.0303
= 0.0304 t + 0.05 = 0.0304 ( 0.25 ) + 0.05 = 0.0576
CF 1
= [ . log + ] ( )0.2
(q/Q)(L/v) 0.02
1
= [ 0.0303 log + 0.0576
( 0.300 / 4.0076 )( 992.888 / 0.943 )
= 9.00905E-005
L - v
VF = CF ( )0.5
v
992.88776924 - 0.943
= 9.00905E-005 ( )0.5
0.943
= 0.0029215702 m/s
Asumsi 80% kecepatan flooding (Treybal, 1984)
V = 0.8 0.00292157 = 0.0023372562 m/s
Q 4.0075994403
An = = = 1714.66 m2
V 0.0023372562
Untuk W = 0.7T dari tabel 6.1 Treybal, diketahui bahwa luas downspout sebesar 8.8%.
An 1714.6598888
At = = = 1880.10953 m2
1- 0.088 1- 0.088
Column Diameter (T) = [ 4( 1880.10953 )/]0.5 = 97.8783732 m = 3853.4715518 in
Weir length (W) = 0.7 ( 1880.10953 ) = 1316.0766691 m
Downsput area (Ad) = 0.088 ( 1880.10953 ) = 165.44963839 m2
Active area (Aa) = At - 2 Ad = 1880.10953 - 2( 165.449638 ) = 1549.2102504
Weir crest (h1)

Misalkan h1 = 0.025 m
h1/T = 0.025 / 97.8783732 = 0.00025542 m
Weff 97.8783732 2 97.8783732 2 0.025 97.8783732

( )2 = ( ) - {[( )- 1 ]0.5 + 2 ( )(
W 1316.07667 1316.07667 97.8783732 1316.07667
Weff
( ) = 0.992
W
h1 q Weff 0.0303
= 0.666 ( )2/3 ( )2/3 = 0.666 ( )2/3 ( 0.99167266 )2/3
W W 1316.07667
h1 = 0.0005 m
3. Perhitungan Pressure Drop

Dry pressure drop
Ao = 0.23 1549.21025 = 351.28342428 m2
q 0.0303
uo = = = 8.626E-005
Ao 351.283424
do
co = 1.09 ( )0.25
1
utuk do = 6 mm, 1/do = 0.32 (Tabel 6.2, Treybal, 1984)
co 1
= 1.09 ( )0.25 = 1.449
0.32
uo2 v 7.440E-009 0.943

hd = 51 ( )( ) = 51 ( )( )
Co2 L 2.100 992.887769
hd = 1.71623E-010 m
Hydraulic head
Q 4.00759944 m3/s
Va = = = 0.003 m/s
Aa 1549.21025 m2
T+W 97.8783732 + 1316.07667
z = = = 706.977521 m
2 2
hL = 0.0061 + 0.725 hw - 0.238 hw Va v 0.5 +1.225 (q/z)
hL = 0.0061 + 0.725 ( 0.05 )-( 0.238 0.05 0.003 0.97120
0.0303
+ 1.225
706.977521
hL = 0.0423726047 m
Residual pressure drop
hR 6 gc 6 0.04 1
= = = 0.00411087 m
L do g 992.887769 0.006 9.8
Total gas pressure drop
hG = hd + hL + hR
hG = 1.716E-010 + 0.0423726 + 0.00411087
hG = 0.046483475 m
Pressure loss at liquid entrance
Ada = 0.025 W = 0.025 1316.0766691 = 32.901916726 m2
h2 3 q 2 0.0303
= ( )2 = ( )2 = 5.769E-008 m
2g Ada 3 9.8 32.9019167
Bckup in downspout
h3 = hG + h2
= 0.04648347 + 5.769E-008
= 0.04648353 m
Pengecekan luapam
hw + h1 + h3 = 0.05 + 0.000536 + 0.04648353
hw + h1 + h3 = 0.09701953
t/2 = 0.25/2 = 0.125 m
Karena nilai hw + h1 + h3 lebih kecil, maka spesifikasi ini dapat diterima, artinya dengan rancangan platei seperti ini
diharapkan tidak terjadi luapan.
Spesifikasi kolom rectifying column
Tinggi kolom = 30 0.25 = 7.5 m
Tinggi tutup = 1/4 97.8784 = 24.4695933 m
Tinggi total = 7.5 + 2 ( 24.4695933 )
= 56.439186586 m
Tebal tray = 1/do do
= 0.32 6 = 1.9 mm
Tekanan operasi = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
Faktor kelonggaran = 20%
Maka, P desain = 1.2 14.7 = 17.64 psi
Joint efficiency = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959)
Allowable stress = 18750 psia (Brownell, 1959)
Tebal shell tangki :
t = PD
2E-1.2P
= ( 17.64 )( 97.8784 ) + 10 tahun 0.01 in/tahun
2( 18750 )( 0.8 ) - 1.2 ( 17.64 )
= 0.05759312 + 0.1
= 0.15759312 in
Tebal shell yang diinginkan = 3/16 in (Brownell, 1959)
S. Finishing Column
Fungsi : Memurnikan produk asam asetat dari heavy impurities (asam propionat)
Type : Sieve Tray Column
Bahan konstruksi : carbon steel SA 283 grade C
Dasar Pemilihan : - Effisiensi pemisahan lebih tinggi dari plate column
- Harga lebih murah dari buuble cap column
- Perawatan dan perbaikan murah
Data dari perhitungan neraca massa dan panas :

T operasi : 118.94 C
Tekanan : 1 atm
Data :
Dari perhitungan neraca massa, diperoleh :
light key (LK) = Asam asetat
heavy key (HK) = Asam propionat
Rmin = 1.119 XLF = 0.9377
Ropt = 1.68 XHF = 0.0623
XLB = 0.3231 D = 7509.378 Kg
XHB = 0.6769 B = 405.282 Kg
XLD = 0.9755 LD = 2.0050
XHD = 0.0245 LB = 1.9278
L = 171.15 Kmol = 10327.92 Kg = 22768.927922 lb
V = 273.10 Kmol = 16479.84 Kg = 36331.447171 lb
F = 108.231 Kmol = 6588.30 Kg = 14524.573801 lb
1. Penentuan Jumlah Plate pada kondisi refluks minimum :
Mencari tahap minimum dengan menggunakan metode Fenske :
(Pers 11.7-12 Geankoplis, 2003)
log [(XLD.D/XHD.D)(XHW.W/XLW.W)]
Nm =
log ( lav)
Dimana : lav = (LD.LD) (pers 11.7-13 Geankoplis, 2003)
lav= ( 2.0050 1.9278 )
= 1.9660
log [( 0.9755 / 0.0245 )( 0.6769 / 0.3231 )]
Nm = = 6.5457 8
log 1.96603857
Mencari tahap teoritis dengan menggunakan persamaan Molokanov :

Ropt - Rmin 1.67881258 - 1.119
X = = = 0.20890009
Ropt + 1 1.67881258 + 1
N - Nm 1 + 54.4 X X-1
Y = = 1 - exp [( )( )] (Walas, 1980)
N+1 11+117.2 X X0.5
N - Nm 1 + 54.4 0.20890009 0.20890009 - 1
Y = = 1 - exp [( )( )]
N+1 11 + 117.2 0.20890009 0.20890009
= 1 - exp [( 0.34845231 )( -1.7308603 )]

= 1 - 0.54710077
= 0.4529
N - Nm
Y =
N+1
Nm + Y
N =
1-Y
11 + 0.45289923 =
N = 20.93 = 21 tahap
1 - 0.4529
Maka, jumlah tahap teoritis = 21 tahap = 20 tray teoritis + 1 reboiler

dari Brackhurst persamaan 4-16 untuk effisiensi plate :
N = 20
Eo = = 96%
Eo = = 96%
Nt 20.93
20
Maka jumlah plate aktual = = 22
96%
Penentuan umpan masuk dengan metode Kirkbride :
Ne XHF B XLB
log = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2] (Pers 11.7-21 Geabkoplis, 2003)
Ns XLF D XHD
Ne 0.0623 405.282 0.3231
log = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2 ]
Ns 0.9377 7509.378 0.0245
Ne
log = -0.0419309
Ns
Ne
= 0.90796497
Ns
Ne = 0.90796497 Ns
N = Ne + Ns
22 = 0.90796497 Ns + Ns
Ns = 11
Maka lokasi feed masuk (feed plate) pada plate ke 10 dari atas
(jumlah plate/tray dihitung dari bawah : Coulsin, halaman 817)
2. Perhitungan Diameter Drying Column :

Disain drying column
Direncaakan :
Jarak tray (t) = 0.25 m
Hole diameter (do) = 6 mm
Space between hole center (p') = 12 mm (Treybal. 1984)
Weir height (hw) = 5 cm (Treybal. 1984)
Pitch = tringular 3/4 in
Data :
Suhu dan tekanan pada destilasi adalah 120.00 C dan 1 atm
Tabel komposisi bahan pada alur Vd
Komponen alur Vd (kmol/jam) % mol Mr % mol Mr
CH3COOH 266.423 0.97553419 60 58.532
CH3CH2COOH 6.682 0.02446581 74 1.810
Avg.mol weight 273.105 60.343
Laju alir gas (G') = 273.105 kmol/jam = 0.07586246 kmol/s
60.343 273
v = = 1.871 kg/m3 = 0.117 lb/cuft
22.4 393.00
393.00
273
H2O pada suhu 131.033 C = 936.78 Kg/m3

Tabel komposisi bahan pada alur Liquid bottom
Komponen B(Kg/jam) N (kmol/jam) sg (kg/m3) V (m3) % vol (kg/m3)
CH3COOH 6089.123 338.285 1.052 985.49387356 6.17875323 0.94876164 934.99878538
CH3CH2COOH 310.403 5.173 0.993 930.22377989 0.33368673 0.05123836 47.663139318
Total 6399.527 6.51243996 1 982.662
Laju alir massa cairan (L') = 6399.527 Kg/jam = 1.7776 Kg/s
L' 1.78 Kg/s
rate L' ; QL' = = = 0.00180901 m3/s
rate L' ; QL' = = = 0.00180901 m3/s
L 982.662 Kg/m3
Perforations
Surface tension () = 0.04 N/m
Ao do 2 0.006
= 0.907 ( ) = 0.907 ( )2 = 0.22675
Aa p' 0.012
Konstanta Flooding (CF)

q L 0.303 982.6619247
( )1/2 = ( )1/2 = 2.8384
Q' v 2.44627266 1.871
= 0.0744 t + 0.01173 = 0.0744 ( 0.25 ) + 0.01173 = 0.0303
= 0.0304 t + 0.05 = 0.0304 ( 0.25 ) + 0.05 = 0.0576
1
CF = [ . log + ] ( )0.2
(q/Q)(L/v) 0.02
1
= [ 0.0303 log + 0.0576
( 0.303 / 2.4463 )( 982.662 / 1.871 )
= 0.0029932257
L - v
VF = CF ( )0.5
v
982.6619247 - 1.871
= 0.0029932257 ( )0.5
1.871
= 0.0685259153 m/s
Asumsi 80% kecepatan flooding (Treybal, 1984)
V = 0.8 0.06852592 = 0.0548207322 m/s
Q 2.4462726623
An = = = 44.6231 m2
V 0.0548207322
Untuk W = 0.7T dari tabel 6.1 Treybal, diketahui bahwa luas downspout sebesar 8.8%.
An 44.623130043
At = = = 48.9288707 m2
1- 0.088 1- 0.088
Column Diameter (T) = [ 4( 48.9288707 )/]0.5 = 15.7898412 m = 621.64604935 in
Weir length (W) = 0.7 ( 48.9288707 ) = 34.250209463 m
Downsput area (Ad) = 0.088 ( 48.9288707 ) = 4.3057406182 m2
Active area (Aa) = At - 2 Ad = 48.9288707 - 2( 4.30574062 ) = 40.317389425
Weir crest (h1)

Misalkan h1 = 0.025 m
h1/T = 0.025 / 15.7898412 = 0.0015833 m
Weff 15.7898412 2 15.7898412 2 0.025 15.7898412

( )2 = ( ) - {[( )- 1 ]0.5 + 2 ( )(
W 34.2502095 34.2502095 15.7898412 34.2502095
Weff
( ) = 0.674
W
q Weff 0.0303
h1 = 0.666 ( )2/3 ( )2/3 = 0.666 ( )2/3 ( 0.67382605 )2/3
W W 34.2502095
h1 = 0.0047 m
3. Perhitungan Pressure Drop

Dry pressure drop
Ao = 0.23 40.3173894 = 9.141968052 m2
q 0.0303
uo = = = 0.00331438
Ao 9.14196805
do
co = 1.09 ( )0.25
1
utuk do = 6 mm, 1/do = 0.32 (Tabel 6.2, Treybal, 1984)
1
co = 1.09 ( )0.25 = 1.449
0.32
uo2 v 1.099E-005 1.871

hd = 51 ( )( ) = 51 ( )( )
Co 2
L 2.100 982.661925
hd = 0.000000508 m
Hydraulic head
Q 2.44627266 m3/s
Va = = = 0.061 m/s
Aa 40.3173894 m2
T+W 15.7898412 + 34.2502095
z = = = 25.0200253 m
2 2
hL = 0.0061 + 0.725 hw - 0.238 hw Va v 0.5 +1.225 (q/z)
hL = 0.0061 + 0.725 ( 0.05 )-( 0.238 0.05 0.061 1.36796
0.0303
+ 1.225
25.0200253
hL = 0.0428457955 m
Residual pressure drop
hR 6 gc 6 0.04 1
= = = 0.00415365 m
L do g 982.661925 0.006 9.8
Total gas pressure drop
hG = hd + hL + hR
hG = 5.080E-007 + 0.0428458 + 0.00415365
hG = 0.0469999524 m
Pressure loss at liquid entrance
Ada = 0.025 W = 0.025 34.250209463 = 0.8562552366 m2
3 q 2 0.0303
h2 = ( )2 = ( )2 = 8.518E-005 m
2g A da 3 9.8 0.85625524
Bckup in downspout
h3 = hG + h2
= 0.04699995 + 8.518E-005
= 0.04708514 m
Pengecekan luapam
hw + h1 + h3 = 0.05 + 0.00471729 + 0.04708514
hw + h1 + h3 = 0.10180242
t/2 = 0.25/2 = 0.125 m
Karena nilai hw + h1 + h3 lebih kecil, maka spesifikasi ini dapat diterima, artinya dengan rancangan platei seperti ini
diharapkan tidak terjadi luapan.
Spesifikasi kolom rectifying column
Tinggi kolom = 30 0.25 = 7.5 m
Tinggi tutup = 1/4 15.7898 = 3.94746031 m
Tinggi total = 7.5 + 2 ( 3.94746031 )
= 15.394920617 m
Tebal tray = 1/do do
= 0.32 6 = 1.9 mm
Tekanan operasi = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
Faktor kelonggaran = 20%
Maka, P desain = 1.2 14.7 = 17.64 psi
Joint efficiency = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959)
Allowable stress = 18750 psia (Brownell, 1959)
Tebal shell tangki :
t = PD
2E-1.2P
= ( 17.64 )( 15.7898 ) + 10 tahun 0.01 in/tahun
2( 18750 )( 0.8 ) - 1.2 ( 17.64 )
= 0.00929098 + 0.1
= 0.10929098 in
Tebal shell yang diinginkan = 3/16 in (Brownell, 1959)
10
03)
(kg/m3)
944.72863446
48.159134777
992.888
0.04
] )0.2
0.02
m2
)}2
)2/3
)
n platei seperti ini
asam propionat)
8
03)
(kg/m3)
934.99878538
47.663139318
982.662
0.04
] )0.2
0.02
m2
)}2
)2/3
)
n platei seperti ini

Appendiks C. Spesifikasi Peralatan + Distilasi

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Appendiks C. Spesifikasi Peralatan + Distilasi

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Appendiks C

Perhitungan Spesifikasi Peralatan

Data Densitas, (mol/L) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Data Viskositas Vapor, (Pa.s) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Data Viskositas Liquid, (Pa.s) (Perry, H Robert; Don W. Green, 2008)

Friction Loss yang diperhitungkan antara lain:

Persamaan untuk menghitung Ws pompa adalah :

Densitas rata-rata campuran =

CH3OH 453.15 0.0000150

= 0.000013 kg/ m.s

b. Menghitung diameter pipa optimum

c. Menentukan bilangan Reynold (Nre)

Kecepatan aliran, v = Q/A = Q/(1/4**D^2)

d. Menghitung fanning factor (f)

e. Menghitung Friction Loss

3. Friksi pada 90 elbow

4. Friksi karena enlargement

Total Friksi, F = hc + Ff + hf + hex = 69.71 J/kg

f. menghitung tenaga pompa yang digunakan

C.2 Combined methanol pump (P-102)

Friction Loss yang diperhitungkan antara lain:

Perhitungan densitas pada 120C

Densitas rata-rata campuran =

Perhitungan viskositas pada 120C

Komponen T (K) at T (kg/m.s)

CH3OH 393.15 0.0000129

= 0.000018 kg/ m.s

a. Menghitung debit cairan

c. Menentukan bilangan Reynold (Nre)

Kecepatan aliran, v = Q/A = Q/(1/4**D^2)

d. Menghitung fanning factor (f)

e. Menghitung Friction Loss

2. Friksi pada pipa lurus

3. Friksi pada 90 elbow

4. Friksi karena enlargement

Total Friksi, F = hc + Ff + hf + hex = 39.50 J/kg

f. menghitung tenaga pompa yang digunakan

C.3 Drying column reflux pump (P-103)

Friction Loss yang diperhitungkan antara lain:

Persamaan untuk menghitung Ws pompa adalah :

Aliran Masuk Aliran Keluar

Perhitungan viskositas pada 30C

Komponen T (K) at T (kg/m.s)

CH3OH 303.15 0.0005044

= 0.000643 kg/ m.s

b. Menghitung diameter pipa optimum

c. Menentukan bilangan Reynold (Nre)

d. Menghitung fanning factor (f)

e. Menghitung Friction Loss

2. Friksi pada pipa lurus

4. Friksi karena enlargement

Total Friksi, F = hc + Ff + hf + hex = 73.32 J/kg

f. menghitung tenaga pompa yang digunakan

C.4 Bottom product drying column pump (P-104)

Friction Loss yang diperhitungkan antara lain:

Perhitungan densitas pada 100C

Densitas rata-rata campuran =

Perhitungan viskositas pada 100C

Komponen T (K) at T (kg/m.s)

CH3OH 303.15 0.0000098

= 0.001035 kg/ m.s

b. Menghitung diameter pipa optimum

c. Menentukan bilangan Reynold (Nre)