Prctica 5 Hidrulica de Mquinas

Datos:
Datos:
H0 = 1 m
Nivel de cresta, en el vertedor triangular NC = 0.252 m
Carga de presin H = 0.588 m
Nivel de la superficie libre del agua, en el vertedor triangular NSA = 0.3807 m
Carga de presin mxima Hmx = 1.287 m

Memoria de clculo

h=0.3807 m0.252 m=0.1287 m

De la figura 7.9, y entrando con h y , obtenemos .

De la figura 7.10, y entrando con B/h (1.70 m/0.1287 m = 13.209) y , obtenemos K.
 = 0.615
K=1

C=
8
15 m
29.81 2 tan
s
45
2 ( )
( 0.615 )( 1 ) =0.6018
m1/ 2
s

(
Q= 0.6018
m2
s ) 5
( 0.1287 m ) 2 =3.5760 x 103
m3
s

1 m
c= =1175.6954
s
1000
kg
( 1
+
0.064 m
m 2.2 x 10 Pa 119 x 10 9 Pa0.002m
3 9 )
 24.3 m
T= =7.3 148 x 103 s
m
1175.6954
s

1s
= =136.7091 137
7.3148 x 103 s

0.064 m

( 2 )

4


m3
3.5760 x 103
s
V 0=

m m
1175.6954 1.1115
s s
= =66.6047
m
29.81 2 1 m
s
i t(s) ec 4 ec 3 ec 1 ec 2
0 0 1 1 1 0
1 0.0073 0.9927 1.0072 1.0145 0.0145
2 0.0146 0.9854 1.0144 1.0290 0.0290
3 0.0219 0.9781 1.0214 1.0432 0.0432
4 0.0293 0.9708 1.0283 1.0574 0.0574
5 0.0366 0.9635 1.0351 1.0714 0.0714
6 0.0439 0.9562 1.0417 1.0852 0.0852
7 0.0512 0.9489 1.0483 1.0989 0.0989
8 0.0585 0.9416 1.0547 1.1125 0.1125
9 0.0658 0.9343 1.0611 1.1259 0.1259
10 0.0731 0.9270 1.0673 1.1391 0.1391
11 0.0805 0.9197 1.0734 1.1521 0.1521
12 0.0878 0.9124 1.0794 1.1650 0.1650
13 0.0951 0.9051 1.0852 1.1777 0.1777
14 0.1024 0.8978 1.0910 1.1902 0.1902
15 0.1097 0.8905 1.0966 1.2025 0.2025
16 0.1170 0.8832 1.1021 1.2146 0.2146
17 0.1244 0.8759 1.1075 1.2266 0.2266
18 0.1317 0.8686 1.1128 1.2383 0.2383
19 0.1390 0.8613 1.1180 1.2499 0.2499
20 0.1463 0.8540 1.1230 1.2612 0.2612
21 0.1536 0.8467 1.1280 1.2724 0.2724
22 0.1609 0.8394 1.1328 1.2833 0.2833
23 0.1682 0.8321 1.1376 1.2940 0.2940
24 0.1756 0.8248 1.1422 1.3046 0.3046
25 0.1829 0.8175 1.1467 1.3149 0.3149
26 0.1902 0.8102 1.1511 1.3250 0.3250
27 0.1975 0.8029 1.1554 1.3349 0.3349
28 0.2048 0.7956 1.1596 1.3446 0.3446
29 0.2121 0.7883 1.1637 1.3541 0.3541
30 0.2194 0.7810 1.1676 1.3634 0.3634
31 0.2268 0.7737 1.1715 1.3724 0.3724
32 0.2341 0.7664 1.1753 1.3813 0.3813
33 0.2414 0.7591 1.1790 1.3899 0.3899
34 0.2487 0.7518 1.1825 1.3984 0.3984
35 0.2560 0.7445 1.1860 1.4066 0.4066
36 0.2633 0.7372 1.1894 1.4146 0.4146
37 0.2706 0.7299 1.1927 1.4225 0.4225
38 0.2780 0.7226 1.1959 1.4301 0.4301
39 0.2853 0.7153 1.1990 1.4375 0.4375
40 0.2926 0.7080 1.2020 1.4447 0.4447
41 0.2999 0.7007 1.2049 1.4517 0.4517
42 0.3072 0.6934 1.2077 1.4586 0.4586
43 0.3145 0.6861 1.2105 1.4652 0.4652
44 0.3219 0.6788 1.2131 1.4716 0.4716
45 0.3292 0.6715 1.2157 1.4779 0.4779
46 0.3365 0.6642 1.2182 1.4839 0.4839
47 0.3438 0.6569 1.2206 1.4898 0.4898
48 0.3511 0.6496 1.2229 1.4955 0.4955
49 0.3584 0.6423 1.2252 1.5010 0.5010
50 0.3657 0.6350 1.2273 1.5063 0.5063
51 0.3731 0.6277 1.2294 1.5115 0.5115
52 0.3804 0.6204 1.2315 1.5165 0.5165
53 0.3877 0.6131 1.2334 1.5213 0.5213
54 0.3950 0.6058 1.2353 1.5260 0.5260
55 0.4023 0.5985 1.2371 1.5304 0.5304
56 0.4096 0.5912 1.2389 1.5348 0.5348
57 0.4169 0.5839 1.2405 1.5389 0.5389
58 0.4243 0.5766 1.2422 1.5430 0.5430
59 0.4316 0.5693 1.2437 1.5468 0.5468
60 0.4389 0.5620 1.2452 1.5505 0.5505
61 0.4462 0.5547 1.2466 1.5541 0.5541
62 0.4535 0.5474 1.2480 1.5576 0.5576
63 0.4608 0.5401 1.2493 1.5609 0.5609
64 0.4681 0.5328 1.2506 1.5640 0.5640
65 0.4755 0.5255 1.2518 1.5671 0.5671
66 0.4828 0.5182 1.2530 1.5700 0.5700
67 0.4901 0.5109 1.2541 1.5728 0.5728
68 0.4974 0.5036 1.2552 1.5754 0.5754
69 0.5047 0.4964 1.2562 1.5780 0.5780
70 0.5120 0.4891 1.2571 1.5804 0.5804
71 0.5194 0.4818 1.2581 1.5827 0.5827
72 0.5267 0.4745 1.2589 1.5849 0.5849
73 0.5340 0.4672 1.2598 1.5870 0.5870
74 0.5413 0.4599 1.2606 1.5891 0.5891
75 0.5486 0.4526 1.2613 1.5910 0.5910
76 0.5559 0.4453 1.2621 1.5928 0.5928
77 0.5632 0.4380 1.2627 1.5945 0.5945
78 0.5706 0.4307 1.2634 1.5961 0.5961
79 0.5779 0.4234 1.2640 1.5977 0.5977
80 0.5852 0.4161 1.2646 1.5992 0.5992
 81 0.5925 0.4088 1.2651 1.6005 0.6005
82 0.5998 0.4015 1.2656 1.6019 0.6019
83 0.6071 0.3942 1.2661 1.6031 0.6031
84 0.6144 0.3869 1.2666 1.6043 0.6043
85 0.6218 0.3796 1.2670 1.6054 0.6054
86 0.6291 0.3723 1.2674 1.6064 0.6064
87 0.6364 0.3650 1.2678 1.6074 0.6074
88 0.6437 0.3577 1.2682 1.6083 0.6083
89 0.6510 0.3504 1.2685 1.6091 0.6091
90 0.6583 0.3431 1.2688 1.6099 0.6099
91 0.6656 0.3358 1.2691 1.6107 0.6107
92 0.6730 0.3285 1.2694 1.6114 0.6114
93 0.6803 0.3212 1.2697 1.6120 0.6120
94 0.6876 0.3139 1.2699 1.6126 0.6126
95 0.6949 0.3066 1.2701 1.6132 0.6132
96 0.7022 0.2993 1.2703 1.6137 0.6137
97 0.7095 0.2920 1.2705 1.6142 0.6142
98 0.7169 0.2847 1.2707 1.6146 0.6146
99 0.7242 0.2774 1.2708 1.6150 0.6150
100 0.7315 0.2701 1.2710 1.6154 0.6154
101 0.7388 0.2628 1.2711 1.6157 0.6157
102 0.7461 0.2555 1.2712 1.6160 0.6160
103 0.7534 0.2482 1.2713 1.6163 0.6163
104 0.7607 0.2409 1.2714 1.6166 0.6166
105 0.7681 0.2336 1.2715 1.6168 0.6168
106 0.7754 0.2263 1.2716 1.6170 0.6170
107 0.7827 0.2190 1.2717 1.6172 0.6172
108 0.7900 0.2117 1.2718 1.6174 0.6174
109 0.7973 0.2044 1.2718 1.6175 0.6175
110 0.8046 0.1971 1.2719 1.6177 0.6177
111 0.8119 0.1898 1.2719 1.6178 0.6178
112 0.8193 0.1825 1.2720 1.6179 0.6179
113 0.8266 0.1752 1.2720 1.6180 0.6180
114 0.8339 0.1679 1.2720 1.6181 0.6181
115 0.8412 0.1606 1.2721 1.6182 0.6182
116 0.8485 0.1533 1.2721 1.6182 0.6182
117 0.8558 0.1460 1.2721 1.6183 0.6183
118 0.8631 0.1387 1.2721 1.6183 0.6183
119 0.8705 0.1314 1.2721 1.6184 0.6184
120 0.8778 0.1241 1.2722 1.6184 0.6184
121 0.8851 0.1168 1.2722 1.6184 0.6184
122 0.8924 0.1095 1.2722 1.6184 0.6184
123 0.8997 0.1022 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
124 0.9070 0.0949 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
125 0.9144 0.0876 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
126 0.9217 0.0803 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
127 0.9290 0.0730 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
128 0.9363 0.0657 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
129 0.9436 0.0584 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
130 0.9509 0.0511 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
131 0.9582 0.0438 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
132 0.9656 0.0365 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
133 0.9729 0.0292 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
134 0.9802 0.0219 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
135 0.9875 0.0146 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
136 0.9948 0.0073 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185
137 1.0021 0.0000 1.2722 1.6185 0.6185

Para i=1
t 1 =17.3148 x 103 =7.3148 x 103 s

1
1=1 =0.9927
137

1=( 66.60470.9927 ) + ( 66.60470.9927 ) + 2 ( 1+ ( 66.604711 )) ( 1 ) =1.0072

2 2

2
H 1=11.0072 =1.0145m

H 1=1.01451=0.0145 m

Para i=2
t 1 =27.3148 x 103 =0.0146 s

2
1=1 =0.9854
137

1=( 66.60470.9854 ) + ( 66.60470.9854 ) +2 ( 1+ ( 66.60470.99271.0072 ) ) ( 1.0072 ) =1.0144

2 2

2
H 1=11.0144 =1.0290 m

H 1=1.02901=0.0290 m

Para i=3
3
t 1 =37.3148 x 10 =0.0219 s

3
1=1 =0.9781
137

1=( 66.60470.9781 )+ ( 66.60470.9781 ) +2 ( 1+ ( 66.60470.98541.0144 ) )( 1.0144 ) =1.0214

2 2
 2
H 1=11.0214 =1.0432 m

H 1=1.04321=0.0432 m

Mediante la tabla:

H mx =1.6185 m1 m=0.6185 m

H mx =1.287 m0.588 m=0.699m

Con Allievi H mx =0.6185 m

Comparando:

0.699m0.6185 m
Error= x 100=11.52
0.699 m

Conclusiones.
En esta prctica vimos lo que es el golpe de ariete, y lo analizamos en un conducto a
presin, este es producido por el cierre de una vlvula.

El periodo T de la onda de presin fue de 0.0073148 s, esto quiere decir que en 1

segundo que dura la maniobra, se tuvieron 137 periodos aproximadamente. Tambin, con
la ayuda de la constante y de las cadenas de Allievi, pudimos obtener la carga de presin y
la sobrepresin en cada instante, hasta obtener la sobrepresin mxima que fue de 0.6185
m.
Se dibuj la curva de la carga de presin, t-H y fue correcta ya que dio muy parecida a la
terica.
Tambin se obtuvo la sobrepresin mxima, pero con las cargas medidas en el piezmetro
y dio de 0.699 m. Comparando esta con la obtenida con las cadenas de Allievi, se obtuvo
un porcentaje relativamente grande de error: un error del 11%, por lo cual concluyo que
existieron ciertos errores a la hora de medir.