PROGRAM
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA
SABAH
ENGINEERING LAB 4
KE38101
SEMESTER 5 (2016/2017)
MODULE KL-64006
PREPARED BY:
BK14110172
PREPARED FOR:
Equipment
KL-61001A Trainer
Module KL-64006
Procedure
V O 18 KL-64006 connects to comparator V- KL-
61001A.
V+ to potentiometer
VR 2
V O to ALARM SIN IN
Potentiometer
VR 1 to +12V
VR 3 to -12V
3. The
VR s adjusted for
V O 18>VR 2 . The buzzer should be off because the
Figure 1 Transmitter
As we can see from figure 4 the value of VRs is 3.057V this make the buzzer is ON
because of the ultrasonic interruption.
Figure 5: VRs = 2.281V Figure 6: VRs = 1.008V
By changing the sensitivity of VRs both in figure 5 and figure 6, when the ultrasonic
pass through the hand, the buzzer is still ON, but by adjusting the VRs to less than
0.163 V the buzzer turn OFF.
VR s V o 18 Buzzer
11.57 0.927 ON
3.057 0.193 ON
2.281 0.164 ON
1.008 0.163 ON
0.140 0.180 OFF
0.016 0.016 OFF
Figure 9
Figure 9 shows the ultrasonic receiver circuit. As we can see Q1 and Q2 are
connected in the form of cascade amplifier to amplify the signals that receive by the
ultrasonic receiver. U1 is a voltage follower other names is unity gain amplifier. It
has a voltage gain of 1 this means that the op amp does not provide any
amplification to the signal. This amplifier will bring the signal back to their original
strength but not making them stronger. The rectifying and filtering circuit,
composed by the CR2 and C3 it converts the AC signal to DC voltage. Ultrasonic
waves have no interference when the DC levels of C3 keep high and that makes the
comparator turn off the alarm.
The op amp comparator compares one analogue voltage level with another
analogue voltage level, or some preset reference voltage, V REF and produces an
output signal based on this voltage comparison. In other words, the op-amp voltage
comparator compares the magnitudes of two voltage inputs and determines which
is the larger of the two. In this experiment the output voltage is act as the reference
voltage while the input voltage will compare with it. Hence when the input voltage is
lower than the output voltage the buzzer will OFF and when the input voltage is
higher the buzzer will be ON.
Conclusion