18.

Gastrointestinal & Urogenital Flagellates

Gastrointestinal Flagellates
- have more than 1 flagellum, an axostyle & NO kinetoplast
Pathogenic
Commensal

Small intestine Large intestine

-Lamlia Intestinalis - Trichomonas hominas

- Trochomonas tenax

Class Cilita
- Parasite covered by cilia as organs for locomotion

Class Sporozoa
- Are obligative intercellular parasite, locate in tissue cells (Toxoplasms) or RBCs (plasmodium)
- Have no motility organelles but develop motility & can penetrate into cells due to the enzymes of their apical complex (conoid)
Hence are called Apicomplexa also osmotic

Parasite name Morphological Invasive Diagnosis Prevention Location Clinical Spreads

form Form Features
1. Lambilia Trophozoite Ingestion of -Examine stool Safe/ boil water Worldwide Anorexia Ingestio
Intestinali - 2 nuclei cysts for cysts Hygiene Small intestines Diarrhea via cont
s - 2 axostyle - 4 nuclei -Find gardia in Wash food (duodenum) Steatorrhea Food
- 4 pairs of - 4 median bile Avoid mechanical Gallbladder malabsorption
Gardia flagella bodies -Immunoglobin vectors Biliary tract abdominal pain
lamblia - sucking disk - NO flagella tests

2. Trich. Periodontal Transm

Tenax COMMENSAL pockets through
Cavities salvia
Tonsils (oral
cavity)
3. Trich. Found in as a Loose stool
hominis COMMENSAL commensal in the
cecum
Large intestine
4. Trich Trophozoite -Microscopic Sexual hygiene Worldwide Females are Sexuall
vaginalis ONLY exam of smear of Use protection Females Symptomatic transmi
-single nuclei vaginal discharge Vulva vagina -vulbovaginitis Non tra
Trichominiase -axostyle urethra urinary -malodorous Anthrop
s -4 free flagella -Urethra in males bladder -yellogreen color
(STD) -5th flagella -frothy discharge
located on - immuoglobin Males discomfort
underletting tests Urethra* prostate Males are
membrane urinary bladder asymptomatic
-costa

Parasite name Morphological Invasive Diagnosis Prevention Location Clinical Features Spreads
form form
Balantidium Trophozoite Cyst -Microscopic Hygiene Worldwide Many patients are Anthropon
coli. -oval shaped No cilia examination of asymptomatic Non transm
-2 nuclei feces. Wash food Large Amoebic dysentery
(class ciliata) (macro & micro) Macronucleus intestine Ulcer Pig is anim
covered by cilia Controls vital -Trophozoite & cysts Proper disposal Liver abscess reservoir
-cytostome functions are detected in stool of feces Lumen Peritonitis
-cytopharynx dwellers but Hemorrhaging Ingestion o
-cytopyge Micronucleus -Colonoscopy Fight against enter mucosa Anemia
Sexual flys causing ulcers Contamina
reprod. & food
(conjunction) Water sanitation
Toxoplasma Trophozoite Psuedocyst Microscopic exam of Cook meet well Worldwide No clinical signs Anthropon
Gondii rep.asexually Multiply biopsy of infected Boil milk Brain Non-transm
-1nucleus when they organs Eyes
(class sportozoa) conoid for burst to Raw meat Muscles Definitive
penetration of form Immunological tests should never be Lymph nodes Cat
cells Tissue cyst feed to cats Liver (sometime
PCRS Lungs intermedia
Wash food
X-rays Intermedia
Control Humans
CT-scan mechanical Mammals
vectors beef, sheep
rabbits & b
Preg. woman
should avoid Trans plac
cats transmissio
Uncooked
Sandboxes
Mechanica